कविता

kavita
'chuni chunaee' ka avaran prishth|200px|center
vivaran	'kavita' ka arth hai- "kavyatmak rachana". hindi sahity mean adhunik kal ke poorv tak kavita shabd ka prayog 'kavitaee' ya 'kavi-ta' (kavi-karm) ke arth mean hi hota tha.
vishesh	sankirn arth mean kisi rachana vishesh ke lie kavita ka prayog adhunik kal mean hi hone laga tha. prachin kal mean adhikatar ya to prabandh kavy ki rachana hoti thi ya muktak kavy ki.
sanbandhit lekh	khand kavy, kavy, mahakavy, prabodhak kavy, prabandh kavy
any janakari	matr chhandobaddh rachana ke lie 'pady' shabd ka prayog uchit hai, parantu 'kavita' shabd pady se ooanchi sthiti ka dyotak hai aur usamean kavita (kavi-karm), arthath kavyakala ko adhik mahattv diya gaya hai.

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kavita arthath 'kavyatmak rachana' (kavi ki kriti). kavy se jahaan rachana ke bhavapaksh aur ant:sauandary ka adhik bodh hota hai, vahaan kavita shabd ke prayog se pray: usake kalapaksh aur roopatmak sauandary ko pradhanata milati hai. kavy, kavita, pady, in tinoan shabdoan ko kramagat roop se nimnatar bhavasthiti mean rakha jata hai. gady pady ka vipakshi roop hai, jo chhandobaddh ya vichar tak simit hai. matr chhandobaddh rachana ke lie pady shabd ka prayog uchit hai, parantu kavita shabd pady se ooanchi sthiti ka dyotak hai aur usamean kavita (kavi-karm), arthath kavyakala ko adhik mahattv diya gaya hai. samanyat: tinoan shabd saman arth mean prayukt hote haian.

prayog

yadyapi vyapak roop se chhandobaddh rachana matr ke lie 'kavita' shabd ka prayog hota hai, sankirn arth mean, adhunik kal mean vishesh roop se, kavita shabd ka prayog apekshakrit akar mean chhote, aise pady vishesh ke lie kiya jata hai, jo adhunik giti, pragiti ya muktak ke anekanek prakaroan mean se kisi roop mean racha gaya ho. pady ki aisi rachanaoan ka prithakh nirdesh karane ke lie 'kavy' shabd ka prayog nahian kiya jata. 'kavy' shabd jab kisi rachana vishesh ke lie prayog hota hai, tab usase apekshakrit b di, pray: sadaiv hi prabandhatmak rachana ka arth soochit hota hai. kavy aur kavita shabd ke prayog ka ek antar yah bhi hai ki jahaan kavy samanyat: sahity ke paryayavachi arth mean aisi rachanaoan ko bhi kah sakate haian, jo pady mean n rachi gee hoan, vahian kavita anivary roop se padyatmak lay aur talayukt shabdavali ki soochana deti hai; bhale hi usamean kavy ki antarik visheshata vidyaman n ho aur vah matr padyabaddh ho. isake atirikt kavy ka abhidhan aisi rachanaoan ko nahian diya ja sakata, jo arastu ke 'poitiks' mean nirdisht 'poitri' se bhinn 'vars' matr hai.

• hindi sahity mean adhunik kal poorv tak kavita shabd ka prayog 'kavitaee' ya 'kavi-ta' (kavi-karm) ke arth mean hi hota tha. tulasidas ne 'ramacharitamanas' ki bhoomika mean kaha hai-

'chali subhag kavita savita si. ram bimal jas jal bharita si'.

isi arth mean unhoanne 'bhaniti' shabd ka bhi kee bar prayog kiya hai. isi arth mean kaha gaya hai ki 'kavita' karta tin haian- tulasi, keshav, soor.

'kavita' kheti in looni sila binat mazoor.

• atharahavian shati mean ek aur prasiddh kavi bhikharidas ne likha tha-

'age ke sukavi rijhi haian tau 'kavitaee', n to radhika kanha ke sumiran ko bahani hai'.

bhikharidas ne isi arth mean kavy shabd ka bhi prayog kiya hai. 'inake kavy mean mili bhasha vividh prakar ki hai. hindi mean kavita shabd ka yah prayog paramparanumodit hai, yadyapi kadachit yah kathan ayukt n hoga ki sanskrit sahity mean kavita ki apeksha kavy shabd ka adhik prayog hua hai.

bharatendu harishchandr ka yogadan

sankirn arth mean kisi rachana vishesh ke lie kavita ka prayog adhunik kal mean hi hone laga hai. prachin kal mean adhikatar ya to prabandh kavy ki rachana hoti thi ya muktak kavy ki. ek se adhik chhandoan mean ek vishay par chhoti pady rachanaean stotr, stavan, prashasti, mahatmy adi ke roop mean milati hai. hindi ke madhyayugin bhakt kaviyoan ne bhi is prakar ki stotradi rachanaean ki haian aur yah kram bharatendu harishchandr tak chala aya hai. parantu bharatendu harishchandr ne samayik vishayoan par vicharottejak aur udbodhanapoorn sphut rachanaoan ki navin paddhati chalaee. unaki 'bharat-bhiksha', 'vijayini-vijay-vaijayanti', 'shrirajakumar-shubhagaman-varnan', 'manasopayan', 'varshavinod' adi rachanaoan ne hindi mean pady nibandhoan ki us parampara ka sootrapat kiya, jo adhunik kal mean anekadha vikasit huee. aisi rachanaoan ki hi jativachak sanjna kavita hai, jo aangrezi ki 'poim' aur urdoo ki 'najm' ka paryay hai. bharatendu kal mean deshabhakti, rajabhakti, samaj sudhar aur prakritik varnan sambandhi asankhy gambhir aur vyangyatmak kavitaean rachi geean.

vikas

dvivedi kal mean samayik patr-patrikaoan ke madhyam se in kavitaoan ka prachalan aur adhik ho gaya. vastut: un anek adhunik roopoan mean kavita bhi hai, jisaka udgam aur vikas samachar patroan aur patr-patrikaoan ke madhyam se hua hai. parantu kavitaean itivritt, vivaran, shiksha aur uddeshy vishayak hi nahian, bhavatmak bhi ho sakati hai. yah chhayavad ki un asankhy kavitaoan se siddh ho gaya, jo adhunik gitikavy ke vividh prakar-bhedoan ke aantargat ati hai. 'pragativad', 'prayogavad' aur 'nayi kavita' ke andolanoan ke aantargat aisi hi rachanaean huee haian, jo prithak-prithakh kavita nam se pukari jati haian.

bharatakosh par upalabdh kavitaean

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-gopaladas niraj   amar gan -dinesh sianh   amar rashtr -makhan lal chaturvedi   amar sparsh -sumitranandan pant   ambar badan jhapabah gori -vidyapati   amma mere baba ko bhejo ri -amir khusaro   arun yah madhumay desh hamara -jayashankar prasad   arziyaan -kuladip sharma   ali ab sapane ki bat -mahadevi varma   ali! maian kan-kan ko jan chali -mahadevi varma   alh d bikaneri -kaka hatharasi   avadhoota yugan yugan ham yogi -kabir   ashaant kasba -anoop sethi   ashk kaise bahaooan? -vandana gupta   ashru yah pani nahian hai -mahadevi varma   asmita ki numaish -ashok kumar shukla   ahamh brahmasmi -kiran mishra   ahasas ka ghar -kanhaiyalal nandan   a ghir aee dee mari ghata kari. -amir khusaro   aankh ka aansoo -ayodhyasianh upadhyay 'hariaudh'   aankh par patti rahe -adam goandavi   aankhoan ka pani -adity chaudhari   aansoo aur aankhean -ayodhyasianh upadhyay 'hariaudh'   aie hath uthaean ham bhi -faiz ahamad faiz   aee mean a ge -kaka hatharasi   ao ab samay nahian baqi -kailash sharma   ao, ham apana man tovean -sumitranandan pant   akhir apanoan se kaisi pardadari? -vandana gupta   ag ki bhikh -ramadhari sianh dinakar   ag ke ilaqe mean ao -ajey   ag ke ilake ka adami -ajey   ag jalati rahe -dushyant kumar   aj ik aur holi -adity chaudhari   aj kitani achchhi dhoop hai ! -ajey   aj jab vah ja rahi hai -ajey   aj tum mere lie ho -harivansh ray bachchan   aj nayan ke bangale mean -makhan lal chaturvedi   aj pratham gaee pik -sooryakant tripathi nirala   aj pratham gaee pik pancham -sooryakant tripathi nirala   aj bazar mean pa-b-jaulaan chalo -faiz ahamad faiz   aj madahosh hua jae re -gopaladas niraj   aj manav ka -bhagavaticharan varma   aj manav ka sunahala prat hai -bhagavaticharan varma   aj rahane do yah grih-kaj -sumitranandan pant   aj sham hai bahut udas -bhagavaticharan varma   aj sadakoan par -dushyant kumar   azadi ki poorv sandhya par (2) -kuladip sharma   azadi ki poorv sandhya par -kuladip sharma   ajad -sumitranandan pant   aju nath ek vrat -vidyapati   atank -kuladip sharma   atm vishvas (1) -shivadin ram joshi   atm vishvas (2) -shivadin ram joshi   atmabodh -kanhaiyalal nandan   atmahatya -kaka hatharasi   atma ka chir-dhan -sumitranandan pant   ath‍makathh‍y -jayashankar prasad   adami ke aandar basata hai shahar -rohit thakur   adami ko pyar do -gopaladas niraj   adami jo chauq uthata hai niand mean -subhash rastogi   adami nama -nazir akabarabadi   adarean adhik kaj nahi bandh -vidyapati   adhunikata -kaka hatharasi   ap kahate haian sarapa gulamuhar hai jiandagi -adam goandavi   ap ki yad ati rahi rat bhar -faiz ahamad faiz   ap se ap tak apane ap -nilam prabha   afat ki shokhiyaan haian -dag dehalavi   amantran -kiran mishra   arajoo hai vafa kare koee -dag dehalavi   arati shri ullooji ki -kaka hatharasi   aradhana -subhadra kumari chauhan   arkatik vedhashala mean karyarat vaijnanik mitroan ke kuchh notas -ajey   arkatik vedhashala se kuchh nots -ajey   alapin kaand‌‌ -ashok chakradhar   aloo ka sizan -ajey   asha ka dipak -ramadhari sianh dinakar   as-pas ek prithvi chahie -ajey   asak lata lagaol sajani -vidyapati   asaman ko kala kar de -adity chaudhari   ah ! vedana mili vidaee -jayashankar prasad   ahe sadhi ahe sakhi -vidyapati   iandradhanush -kanhaiyalal nandan   ik sapana bana lete -adity chaudhari   itavar -anoop sethi   in manjiloan ko shayad -adity chaudhari   inase milie -dushyant kumar   intisab -faiz ahamad faiz   imaran ka basta -adity chaudhari   ishk ki dastak : panama sigaret -nilam prabha   is ada se vo vafa karate haian -dag dehalavi   is uthan ke bad nadi -ajey   is tarah dhakkan lagaya rat ne -makhan lal chaturvedi   is nadi ki dhar mean thandi hava ati to hai -dushyant kumar   is shahar mean -adity chaudhari   is samay vah shahar udas hai -rohit thakur   isaka rona -subhadra kumari chauhan   isase to achchha hai -adity chaudhari   eed ul fitar -nazir akabarabadi   eerani tulaba ke nam -faiz ahamad faiz   eeshvar 'hi' hai ya 'shi' -vandana gupta   ukti -sooryakant tripathi nirala   uchit base mor -vidyapati   ujr ane mean bhi hai aur bulate bhi nahian -dag dehalavi   uth mahan -makhan lal chaturvedi   u di gulal ghooanghar bhee -bihari lal   uttar -mahadevi varma   utsav manana chho d ziandagi -sima sianghal   utsah -sooryakant tripathi nirala   un sabake lie jo nirvasit haian -rohit thakur   unake ek jaan-nisar ham bhi haian -dag dehalavi   upadesh -shivadin ram joshi   upadesh ka aang -kabir   upalambh -makhan lal chaturvedi   upeksha -subhadra kumari chauhan   umidoan ke kee rangian fasane -virendr khare ‘akela’   ummid -anoop sethi   ur timiramay ghar timiramay -mahadevi varma   ulate hor zamane ae -bulle shah   ullas -subhadra kumari chauhan   ulloo ki panchayat -adity chaudhari   us prabhat, too bat n mane -makhan lal chaturvedi   use kya kahooan -dushyant kumar   ooanchi u dan phir -virendr khare ‘akela’   oodho kahaan gaye mere shyam -kailash sharma   oosha ke sang, pahin arunima -makhan lal chaturvedi   e dhani manani karah sanjat -vidyapati   ear kandishan neta -kaka hatharasi   ek aant:katha -gajanan madhav muktibodh   ek ashirvad -dushyant kumar   ek imaroz chahie -nilam prabha   ek kavi kahata hai -rajesh joshi   ek zamana tha -adity chaudhari   ek tum ho -makhan lal chaturvedi   ek tumhara chitr banaya -dinesh sianh   ek tere bina pran o pran ke -gopaladas niraj   ek nadi jise ham pina chahate haian -ajey   ek nam adharoan par aya -kanhaiyalal nandan   ek patr -ramadhari sianh dinakar   ek parivar ki kahani -avatar enagil   ek bat to k aauman hai -adity chaudhari   ek bar to poochha hota -adity chaudhari   ek buddh kavita mean karuna dhooandh raha hai -ajey   ek booand -ayodhyasianh upadhyay 'hariaudh'   ek bhootapoorv vidrohi ka atm-kathan -gajanan madhav muktibodh   ek manjar -faiz ahamad faiz   ek misd kal -ashok kumar shukla   ek mauqa mrityu ke bad -vandana gupta   ek l daki jab roti hai -rohit thakur   ek l daki sochati hai -rohit thakur   ek vilupt kavita -ramadhari sianh dinakar   ek shahar ki kahani -avatar enagil   ek shahare ashob -faiz ahamad faiz   ek saty -vandana gupta

sanbandhit lekh

1. REDIRECT saancha:sahityik shabdavali