कादम्बरी -बाणभट्ट
thumb|kadambari 'kadambari' banabhatt ki amar kriti hai. satavian shatabdi ke poorvarddh mean likha gaya yah upanyas sahi mayanoan mean vishv ka pahala upanyas kaha ja sakata hai. aisa isalie kyoanki isamean upanyas mean paye jane vale vividh lakshan dekhe ja sakate haian. udaharan ke lie kisi up-kahani ka achchhe se varnan aur utane hi achchhe se use vikasit karane ke lie samay dena. sath hi sath sanvadoan ki upasthiti aur patroan ki manahsthati ka vistar se varnan, laghu se laghu soochana ka bariki se vishleshan, aur kavyatmak padd ka jagah jagah prayog, aisi hi kuchh sahityik vidhaean haian jo ki isase pahale kisi rachanakar ne prayog nahian kiye the jaisa ki banabhatt ne kiya tha. banabhatt ‘kadambari’ ko poora nahian kar paye the, aur unaki mrityu ke bad unake putr bhooshanabhatt ne pita ke die ge dishanirdeshoan ke anusar ise poora kiya tha. yah upanyas do bhagoan mean vibhajit hai. poorvabhag banabhatt ne likha tha aur uttarabhag bhooshanabhatt ka likha hua hai. kuchh jagahoan par bhooshanabhatt ka nam pulindabhatt bhi kaha jata hai.[1]
sanskrit bhasha mean
yah unaki hi nahian samast sanskrit vanamay ki anoothi gady-rachana hai. kadanbari moolatah sanskrit bhasha mean likhi gayi thi jo ki us samay ki sahity aur rajadarabar ki bhasha hua karati thi. banabhatt raja harshavardhan ke darabar ki shobha badhaya karate the. unhoanne harshavardhan ke rajy aur us samay ka varnan karate hue pratishthit rachana ‘harshacharit’ bhi likhi thi. raja harshavardhan svayan bhi sanskrit ke vidvan hua karate the aur unhoanne ‘naganand’, ‘ratnavali’ aur ‘priyadarshika’ jaisi rachanaean sanskrit mean likhi thian. ‘kadambari’ mean upanyas ke gun kaise paye jate haian is ki pushti ke lie yahaan par yahaan kahana yathesht rahega ki bharat ki do kshetriy bhashaoan, marathi aur kann d, mean upanyas ko kadambari kahate haian. is bat ke sakshy haian ki isaki kahani 'gunadhy' dvara rachit 'vrihadkatha' se prerit hai jo ki moolatah paishachi bhasha mean likhi gayi hai.[1]
kathanak
‘kadambari’ do prem kahaniyoan ka mishran hai. isaka yah nam kahani ki nayika kadambari ke nam par diya gaya hai. kadambari ko chandrapi d aur mahashveta ko pundarik se pranay hua hai aur poori kahani isi ke ird-gird ghoomati hai. yah kahani kee janmoan ki hai jisamean ek janm mean kiye ge achchhe-bure karmoan ka phal agale janm mean mila hai. anek kathanakoan ka varnan kisi patr ke smaran ke adhar par kiya gaya hai. is prakar se adhikaansh bhag kisi patr ke dvara sunaya gaya varnan hai n ki rachanakar ke dvara kiya gaya prathamapurush mean varnan. manaviy bhavoan ka sundar chitran kiya gaya hai aur kisi ghatana ka mahaul banane ke lie prakritik tatvoan ka sundar varnan kiya gaya hai.[1]
likhane ki prerana
ban ko kadambari-katha likhane ki prerana gunadhy ki 'brihatkatha' se prapt huee hai. paishachi bhasha mean nibaddh 'brihatkatha' ka sanskrit roopantar 'katha saritsagar' mean aee huee raja sumana ki katha aur kadambari ki katha mean bahut kuchh samanata milati hai. at: ban ne kadambari ki mool ghatanaoan ko brihatkatha se liya ho aur apani vilakshan kavy pratibha se brihatkatha ke nishpran ghatanachakroan aur patroan mean sajivata lakar unhean navin kalevar diya ho. kadambari mean ban ki sabase anoothi kalpana jo prem ke alaukik svaroop aur rahasy ka pratik hai- vah hai nayika dvara nayak ki sharir raksha karate hue punarmilan ki pratiksha karana. kadambari kalidas ke ashabandh aur jananantar sauhrid ke adarsh ki sajiv avatarana hai. kadambari 'katha' hai. ban ne svayan prastavana ke ant mean-'dhiya nivaddheyamatidvayi katha' kahakar ise 'katha' ke roop mean spasht svikar kiya hai. tin janmoan se sambaddh kadambari ki kahani rochak shaili mean likhi gee hai.[1]
gatividhiyaan
is upanyas se satavian shatabdi ke kal ke bare mean aur us samay ki sahtyik gatividhiyoan ke bare mean kuchh nishkarsh nikale ja sakate haian. yah kaha ja sakata hai ki sahity mean alaukik tattv aur ghatanaean, jaise devataoan ka manushyoan ke sath bheant hona, bahutayat mean prayog kiye jate the. sath hi sath sauandary ras ek mahatvapoorn vishay hua karata tha. rajaoan ki vilasita aur sampannata bhi dekhi ja sakati hai. chooanki yah upanyas paishachi bhasha ki ek kriti se prerit hai isalie yahaan kaha ja sakata hai ki us samay tak paishachi bhasha vilupt nahian huee thi lekin use pratishtha prapt sahityik bhasha bhi nahian mana jata tha. rajaoan aur rajapootroan ka lambe abhiyan par nikalana samany bat hua karati thi. kul milakar yadi kalidas aur banabhatt jaise sanskrit ke mahanh rachanakaroan ki kritiyoan ko padhane ka man hai lekin sanskrit ka jnan nahian hai to is hiandi anuvad ko padha ja sakata hai.[1] kavikrant drashta hota hai. usaka kavy manav jivan ke param lakshy ki or sanket karata hai. kavy atma ras hai. ras svaroop anand hai. anand ki anubhooti hi kavy ka param prayojan hai. banabhatt 'kadambari' ke nayak aur nayika ke praranbhik laukik prem ko shapavash janmantar mean samapt kar pun: alaukik vishuddh premaprapti dvara manav ke lie adarsh prem ka divy sandesh dete haian.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sambandhit lekh
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