किपलिंग रुडयार्ड
kipaliang rudayard (1865-1936). suprasiddh aangareji sahityakar. banbee mean janm. chhah varsh ki avastha mean ianglaiand ge aur vahaan par vah sthal tatha nausena ke sainikoan ke putroan ke lie rnidisht skool mean bharti hue. vahaan ke anubhavoan ka sajiv chitran unhoanne staki aiand ko mean kiya hai. skooli dinoan mean unhoanne kuchh kavitaean bhi likhi thian jinhean unake pita ne skool bvay liriks ke nam se 1881 mean prakashit karavaya. 17 varsh ki avastha mean bharatavarsh lautakar ve sivil aiand militari gajet ke sahayak sanpadak niyukt hue. isi patr ke stanbho mean unaki kavitaean tatha kahaniyaan prakashit huee thi jo bad mean ‘dipartameantal ditiz’ tatha ‘plen tels phr aaum hils’ ke nam se pustakakar prakashit hokar prasiddh huee : inamean unhoanne aianglo iandiyan samaj ke sajiv chitr ke sath-sath sadharan sainikoan ki kathinaiyoan tatha sahash siviliyan aphasaroan ki kary patuta tatha hiandustani praja ke sankat tatha rahasyamay vyavaharoan ko vishad varnan kiya hai. unake chin, japan tatha sanyukt rajy amarika ke bhraman ka vritaant ‘phr aaum si tu si’ (1899) ke nam se prakashit hua hai.
kipaliang ke pratham upanyas, ‘di lait dait feld’ ka prakashan 1891 mean hua aur ek varsh bad hi unaka prasiddh bairak room bailads namak padyasangrah pathakoan ke samane aya. 1893 mean ‘meni inveanshans’ ke nam se unaka dvitiy kahanisangrah prakashit hua. isake bad kramash: ‘di jangal buk’ aur ‘di sekand jangal buk’ ka prakashan hua. tatpashchat ‘di sevin siz’, ‘kaipten karejiyas’ tatha ‘di dez vark’ ka prakashan hua. julaee, sanh 1897 ee. mean maharani viktoriya ke shasan ki hirak jayanti ke avasar par ‘di seshanal’ namak prasiddh kavita ki rachana ki. boar yuddh ke samay unake prasiddh upanyas kim (1901) ka prakashan hua. boar yuddh ki samapti ke sath hi unaki khyati ghatane lagi aur unake vicharoan mean bhi parivartan hua. ve saseks praant mean ja base. vahaan ke sansmaranoan ka samavesh unaki kritiyoan, jaise ‘pak aॅv puks hil’ aur ‘rivardas aiand pheyariz’ mean hua hai. sanh 1907 mean unhean nobel puraskar prapt hua.
kipaliang ki lokapriyata ka rahasy unaki sahityik kritiyoan ki navinata thi. us navinata ka lop hote hi unaki khyati bhi kam hoti gee. unhoanne hiandustan mean rahane vale sabhi sainikoan ke jivan ka chitran kiya. unhoanne kakani bhasha ko kavy ka madhyam banakar tatha use lokapriy svaralahari mean anekanek chhandoan mean baandh kar anoothe lokagitoan ka nirman kiya. isi prakar unhoanne yantrayug ke anek avishkaroan ko apane sahity ka aang banakar tatsanbandhi paribhashik shabdoan ka asadharan jnan pradarshit kiya. isi karan unaki kavitaean apratyashit navinata se otaprot dikhalaee p dian. parantu yah navinata kritrim kalee ke saman hi kshanik siddh huee aur usake ghisate hi unaki kala ki rukshata nagn roop mean prakat huee. isi tarah unaka samrajyavad bhi tatkalin vicharadhara ke anukool hone se turant lokapriy hua. unhoanne shvet jatiyoan ke prabhutv ka samarthan kiya aur aangrejoan ko bhagavan ke vishesh anugrah ka patr manakar unhean anunnat kale logoan ko sabhy tatha anushasit karane ke punit kartavy ke lie prerit kiya. parantu kalaantar mean samrajyavad ke avasan ke sath hi unaka sandesh bhi sarahin tatha khokhala siddh hua.
kipaliang gady tatha pady donoan prakar ki rachanaoan mean patrakar ki pratibha se hi prerit rahe. unaka anubhav vistrit tha, shabdajnan bhi asadharan tha aur hiandustan tatha any deshoan ke bahy drishyoan ka-chahe ve prakritik hoan athava manavasamooh ke dainik vyavahar se sanbandhit unhoanne sajiv chitran kiya hai. parantu unaki bhasha mean n to sahity ka sthayi saushthav hai aur n k vi ki paini drishti jo vastuoan ki atma tak pahuanchane mean samarth hoti hai. phir bhi unaki kritiyoan mean kuchh aisi batean avashy haian jo uchch sahity ke tatvoan se anupranit hai aur unake yash ko jivit rakhane ke lie paryapt haian.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 3 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 09 |
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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