कुंठपाद

kuanthapad (aianblipoda, Amblypoda), khuravale stanapayi praniyoan ke do lupt vargoan, paiantadoanta (Pantodonta) tatha dainoserata (Dinocerata), ka sanyukt nam. kuanthapad stanapayi shreni ka ek pranivarg tha jo ab prithvi se lupt ho chuka hai. isaka avashesh matr hi kinhian-kinhian deshoan mean paya jata hai.

kuanthapad ke pair mean paanch aanguliyaan hoti thian jinake sire par nakhoon nahian varanh‌ khur hote the. kuanthapad iyosin kal (Eocane Period) mean vartaman the aur hathi se kam b de nahian the. is shreni ke avashesh ianglaiand mean pae jate haian, kiantu isaka achchha namoona uttari amarika mean paya gaya hai. yoorop mean is shreni ka pratinidhi koriphodon (Coryphodon) tha.

pahale aisa vishvas kiya jata tha ki paiantodoanta (Pantodonta) tatha dainoserata (Dinocerata) donoan hi vargoan ka apas mean ghanishth sanbandh tha aur ek varg doosare varg ke uttarajivakoan se vikasit hua tha; kiantu bad mean sanh‌ 1940 ee0 ke amariki tatha eshiyaee anveshanoan se yah jnat hua ki anek samanataoan ke bavajood ye donoan varg sarvatha bhinn haian aur donoan varg lagabhag ek hi samay mean prithakh‌ prithakh‌ vikasit hue. donoan varg stanapayi-prani yug ki prachin avastha ke uttarajivak hai. donoan hi vargoan ka vikas vichitr roop se, tivr gati se hua; unaki akriti vishal ho gee aur ve samay se poorv vikas ki charam sima par pahuanch ge. phalasvaroop paiantodoanta aauligosin (Oligocene) yug mean tatha dainoserata iyosin yug mean sarvatha lupt ho ge. any khuravale praniyoan ki bhaanti donoan varg sadharanataya atiprachin kauandilarths (Conodylarths) se hi kadachith‌ utpann hue the. inaki nishchit vansh paranpara ka thik-thik pata nahian haian.

paiantadoanta pahale paiantolaibda (Pantolambda) vansh (Genus) ke aantargat pariganit kie ge the, jo uttari amarika ke madhy pailiyosin (Palaeocene), yug mean the. is varg ka achchha udaharan koriphod aaun (Coryphodon) uttari amarika tatha yoorop ke aranbhik iyosin yug se prapt hota hai. uttari amarika ke pailiyosin yug ka namoona bairilaianbooda (Barylambda) haian. kshuridant (koriphod aaunCoryphodon) gay ya bhaloo ke map tak vikasit ho chuka tha, kiantu isaka dil-daul doosare se bhari tha. isaka sir b da tatha shikhar samatal tha aur dariyaee gho de (hipop aautamas Hippopotamus), ki bhaanti isake ubhare chamakile daant the. niche ke charvanak daantoan ki chandrakriti adbhut thi. mu de hue kalangidar (kiritiy Crowned), daantoan ki avashyakata tatha upayogita jaliy rasile paudhe tatha pattiyaan khane ke lie thi. bairilaianbada ka bhi pray: yahi ahar tha, parantu apekshakrit asantulit chhota sir tatha slath pashu ke saman bhari pooanchh isaki visheshata thi.

dainoserata athava yooiantathiris (Uintatheres) iyosin yugiy stanapayi praniyoan mean sabase b de the aur anek prakar se unaka vishisht sthan tha. pailiosin (Palaeocene), yug ke uttarardh mean, uttari amarika tatha mangoliya mean ye pashu siang rahit tatha shakahari roop mean sooar ke saman mapavale pratham utpann hue. parantu jab iyosin yug aya tab inake uttarajivak, jahaan tak jnat ho saka haian, uttari amarika tatha mangoliya ek hi simit rah ge. ve itane vishal ho ge jaise aphriki gaianda. inake sir ke oopar do tin haddidar siang ke saman gaanthe bhi ubhar aeean. inake oopari shvadant (Canine), chitoan ke bhale jaise daantoan ke saman, chhure jaise the, yadyapi yooiantathiris nishchit roop se shakahari the. sharir sthool hone ke karan inake pair bhi hathi ki bhaanti bhari ho ge aur santulan banae rakhane ke lie pairoan mean paanch khuradar lachili gaddiyaan ban geean. jis gati se sharir ke any aangoan ka vikas hua usi gati se inake mastishk ka vikas nahian hua aur vishal shirasanput (Cranium) karoti (Skull) mean apekshakrit chhota hi rah gaya. inake charnavakr daant bhi apekshakrit sadharan rachana ke tatha chhote rah ge jisase aise sthoolakay prani ko paryapt bhojan nahian mil pata tha. inake shighr hi lupt ho jane ke karanoan mean sanbhavat: ek karan yah bhi tha ki inake vikas mean samanjasy nahian tha.

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