केसर

kesar
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jagat	padap
adhikul	krokoediyei
kul	irideshiyeee
jati	krokas
prajati	si. saitivas
dvipad nam	krokas saitivas

kesar ka vanaspatik nam krokas saitaivas (Crocus sativus) hai. aangrezi mean ise saipharan (saffron) nam se jana jata hai. yah iridesi (Iridaceae) kul ka kshudr vanaspati hai jisaka mool sthan dakshin yoorop hai. 'airis' parivar ka yah sadasy lagabhag 80 prajatiyoan mean vishv ke vibhinn bhoo-bhagoan mean paya jata hai. vishv mean kesar ugane vale pramukh desh haian - phraans, spen, bharat, eeran, itali, gris, jarmani, japan, roos, astriya, turkistan, chin, pakistan ke kveta evan svitazaralaiand. aj sabase adhik kesar ugane ka shrey spen ko jata hai, isake bad eeran ko. kul utpadan ka 80% in donoan deshoan mean ugaya ja raha hai, jo lagabhag 300 tan prativarsh hai.

bharat mean kesar

kesar vishv ka sabase kimati paudha hai. kesar ki kheti bharat mean jammoo ke kishtava d tatha jannat-e-kashmir ke pamapur (panpor) ke simit kshetroan mean adhik ki jati hai. kesar yahaan ke logoan ke lie varadan hai. kyoanki kesar ke phooloan se nikala jata sone jaisa kimati kesar jisaki kimat bazar mean tin se sadhe tin lakh rupaye kilo hai. parantu kuchh rajanitik karanoan se aj usaki kheti buri tarah prabhavit hai. yahaan ki kesar halki, patali, lal rang vali, kamal ki tarah sundar gandhayukt hoti hai. asali kesar bahut mahangi hoti hai. kashmiri moangara sarvottam mani gee hai. ek samay tha jab kashmir ka kesar vishv bazar mean shreshthatam mana jata tha. uttar pradesh ke chaubatiya zile mean bhi kesar ugane ke prayas chal rahe haian. videshoan mean bhi isaki paidavar bahut hoti hai aur bharat mean isaki ayat hoti hai.

jammoo-kashmir ki rajadhani shrinagar se sirph 20 kilomitar ki doori par ek chhote shahar panpor ke khetoan mean sharad rritu ke ate hi khushaboodar aur kimati j di-booti ‘kesar’ ki bahar a jati hai. varsh ke adhikatar samay ye khet banjar rahate haian kyoanki ‘kesar’ ke kand sookhi zamin ke bhitar panap rahe hote haian, lekin barf se dhaki chotiyoan se ghire bhoori mitti ke maidanoan mean sharad rritu ke alasaye soory ki roshani mean sharad rritu ke aant tak ye khet baiangani rang ke phooloan se saj jate haian. aur is rang ki khushaboo sare vatavaran mean basi rahati hai. in kesar ke baiangani rang ke phooloan ko haule-haule chunate hue kashmiri log inhean savadhani se to d kar apane thailoan mean ikttha karate haian. kesar ki sirph 450 gram matra banane ke lie qarib 75 hazar phool lagate haian.

kesar ka paudha

• 'kesar' ko ugane ke lie samudratal se lagabhag 2000 mitar ooancha paha di kshetr evan shitoshn sookhi jalavayu ki avashyakata hoti hai. paudhe ke lie domat mitti upayukt rahata hai. yah paudha kali nikalane se pahale varsha evan himapat donoan bardasht kar leta hai, lekin kaliyoan ke nikalane ke bad aisa hone par poori phasal chaupat ho jati hai. madhy evan pashchimi eshiya ke sthaniy paudhe kesar ko kand (balb) dvara ugaya jata hai.

• kesar ka paudha sugandh denevala bahuvarshiy hota hai aur kshup 15 se 25 semi (adha gaj) ooancha, parantu kaandahin hota hai. isamean ghas ki tarah lanbe, patale v nokadar patte nikalate haian. jo moolobhdav (radical), sankari, lanbi aur nalidar hoti haian. inake bich se pushpadand (scapre) nikalata hai, jis par nilalohit varn ke ekaki athava ekadhik pushp hote haian. aprajayi hone ki vajah se isamean bij nahian pae jate haian. pyaj tuly kesar ke kand / gutikaean (bulb) prati varsh agast-sitanbar mah mean boe jate haian, jo do-tin mahine bad arthath navanbar-disanbar tak isake patr tatha pushp sath nikalate haian. isake pushp ki shushk kukshiyoan (stigma) ko kesar, kuankum, japharan athava saiphran (saffron) kahate haian. isamean akele ya 2 se 3 ki sankhya mean phool nikalate haian. isake phooloan ka rang baiangani, nila evan saphed hota hai. ye phool kipanuma akar ke hote haian. inake bhitar lal ya narangi rang ke tin mada bhag pae jate haian. is mada bhag ko vartika (tantu) evan vartikagr kahate haian. yahi kesar kahalata hai. pratyek phool mean keval tin kesar hi pae jate haian. lal-narangi rang ke ag ki tarah damakate hue kesar ko sanskrit mean 'agnishakha' nam se bhi jana jata hai.

kesar

200px|kesar ki kheti

kesar ki kheti

200px|kesar ka paudha

kesar ka paudha

200px|kesar ka phool

kesar ka phool

200px|kesar

kesar

• in phooloan mean pankhudi़yaan tin-tin ke do chakroan mean aur tin pile rang ke puankeshar hote haian. kukshivriant (style) narang raktavarn ke, akhand athava khandit aur gadakar hote haian. inake oopar tin kukshiyaan, lagabhag ek ianch lanbi, gahare, lal athava lalimayukt halke bhoore rang ki hoti haian, jinake kinare dantur ya lomash hote haian.

• in phooloan ki itani tez khushaboo hoti hai ki asapas ka kshetr mahak uthata hai. kesar ki gandh tikshn, parantu lakshanik, aur svad kianchith katu, parantu ruchikar, hota hai. isake bij ayatakar, tin konoan vale hote haian jinamean se golakar miangi nikalati hai.

• 'kesar ko nikalane ke lie pahale phooloan ko chunakar kisi chhayadar sthan mean bichha dete haian. sookh jane par phooloan se mada aang yani kesar ko alag kar lete haian. rang evan akar ke anusar inhean - magara, lachchhi, guchchhi adi shreniyoan mean vargikat karate haian. 150000 phooloan se lagabhag 1 kilo sookha kesar prapt hota hai.

vaijnanikoan ke anusar

• 'kesar' khane mean k dava hota hai, lekin khushaboo ke karan vibhinn vyanjanoan evan pakavanoan mean dala jata hai. isaka upayog makkhan adi khady dravyoan mean varn evan svad lane ke liye kiya jata haian. garm pani mean dalane par yah gahara pila rang deta hai. yah rang kairetin aauyad varnak ki vajah se hota hai. yah ghulanashil hota hai, sath hi atyant pila bhi. pramukh varnako mean kairotin, laikopin, jiyajaianthin, krosin, pikekrosin adi pae jate haian. isamean eestar kiton evan vashpashil sugandh tel bhi kuchh matra mean milate haian. any rasayanik yaugikoan mean tarapin eldihaid evan tarapin elkohal bhi pae jate haian. in rasayanik evan karbanik yaugikoan ki upasthiti kesar ko anamol aushadhi banati hai.
• kesar ki rasayanik banavat ka vishleshan karane par pata chala haian ki isamean tel 1.37 pratishat, ardrata 12 pratishat, pikrosin namak tikt dravy, sharkara, mom, pratin, bhasm aur tin rang dravy paean jate haian. anek khady padartho mean kesar ka upayog ranjan padarth ke roop mean kiya jata hai.

asali kesar ki pahachan

• asali kesar pani mean poori tarah ghul jati hai. kesar ko pani mean bhigokar kap de par ragadane se yadi pila kesariya rang nikale to use asali kesar samajhana chahie aur yadi pahale lal rang nikale v bad mean pila p de to nakali kesar samajhana chahie.

ayurved ke anusar

• kesar ka upayog ayurvedik nuskhoan mean, khady vyanjanoan mean aur dev pooja adi mean to kesar ka upayog hota hi tha par ab pan masaloan aur gutakoan mean bhi isaka upayog hone laga hai. kesar bahut hi upayogi gunoan se yukt hoti hai. yah kaph nashak, man ko prasann karane vali, mastishk ko bal dene vali, hriday aur rakt ke lie hitakari, tatha khady padarth aur pey (jaise doodh) ko rangin aur sugandhit karane vali hoti hai.
• chikitsa mean yah ushnaviry, artavajanak, vat-kaph-nashak aur vedanasthapak mana gaya hai. at: pi ditartav, sardi jukam tatha shir:shooladi mean prayukt hota hai. yah uttejak, vajikarak, yaunashakti banae rakhane vali, kamottejak, tridosh nashak, akshepahar, vatashool shamak, dipak, pachak, ruchikar, masik dharm saf lane vali, garbhashay v yoni sankochan, tvacha ka rang ujjval karane vali, raktashodhak, dhatu paushtik, pradar aur nimn raktachap ko thik karane vali, kaph nashak, man ko prasann karane vali, vatana diyoan ke lie shamak, baly, vrishy, mootral, stan (doodh) varddhak, mastishk ko bal dene vali, hriday aur rakt ke lie hitakari, tatha khady padarth aur pey (jaise doodh) ko rangin aur sugandhit karane vali hoti hai.
• ayurvedoan ke anusar kesar uttejak hoti hai aur kamashakti ko badhati hai. yah mootrashay, tilli, yakrit (livar), mastishk v netroan ki takaliphoan mean bhi labhakari hoti hai. pradah ko door karane ka gun bhi isamean paya jata hai.

thumb|250px|left|kesar

• kesar bukhar ki prarimbhak avastha, dane, chechak, chikan poks v antrajvar ko bahar nikalata hai lekin dane nikal ane par visheshat: bukhar adi pitt ke lakshanoan mean kesar ka upayog savadhani se karana chahie.
• isaka upayog yoonani aur ayurvedik davaeeyoan mean isaka bahutayat mean istemal kiya jata hai. mahilaoan ke kashtartav ko door karane ke lie, 2-2 ratti kesar doodh mean gholakar din mean tin bar dena gunakari hota hai.
• kesar ki pesari garbhashay ki takaliph door karane mean bhi prayukt ki jati hai. lyookoriya evan histiriya ki sthiti mean grahan karane se pi dit mahila ko fayada pahuanchata hai.
• kisi bhi navajat shishu ke janm se poorv usaki mata ko anivary roop se pratidin doodh mean kesar gholakar pine ko diya jata hai. aisi manyata hai ki kesar ka doodh pine se shishu ka rang gora hota hai parantu isake kee ayurvedik gunoan ki vajah se yah paranpara prachin kal se hi chali a rahi hai. garbhavati stri aur usake bachche ko in sabhi bimariyoan ke prabhav se bachane ke lie unhean kesar ka sevan karaya jata hai. sath hi kesar samany mahilaoan ke lie bhi bahupayogi hai. isase striyoan mean hone vali aniyamit masik srav evan is dauran hone vale dard mean labh milata hai. yadi kisi stri ke garbhashay ki soojan hai to usake lie kesar ka sevan fayademand rahata hai.
• purushoan mean viry shakti badhane hetu shahad, badam aur kesar lene se fayada hota hai.
• udar sanbandhit anek pareshaniyoan, jaise apach, pet mean dard, vayu vikar adi mean kesar upayogi hai.
• chot lagane par ya tvacha ke jhulas jane par kesar ka lep lagane se aram milata hai.
• tvacha rog hone par kharoanch aur jakhmoan par kesar lagane se jakhm jaldi bharate haian.
• chandan ko kesar ke sath ghisakar isaka lep mathe par lagane se, sir, netr aur mastishk ko shitalata, shanti aur oorja milati hai, nak se rakt girana band ho jata hai aur sir dard door hota hai.
• agar sardi lag gee ho to ratri mean ek gilas doodh mean ek chutaki kesar aur ek chammach shahad dalakar yadi mariz ko pilaya jaye to use achchhi niand ati hai.
• kesar bachchoan ke shit rogoan ki ramaban aushadhi hai. bachchoan ko sardi, jukam, bukhar hone par kesar ki ek pankhu di pani mean ghoantakar isaka lep chhati pith aur gale par karane se aram hota hai.
• shishu ko sardi ho to kesar ki 1-2 pankhu di 2-4 booand doodh ke sath achchhi tarah ghoantean, taki kesar doodh mean ghul-mil jae. ise ek chammach doodh mean milakar subah-sham pilaean.
• balyakal mean shishuoan ko agar sardi jak d le aur nak band ho jaye to maan ke doodh mean kesar milakar usake mathe aur nak par mala jaye to sardi ka prakop kam hota hai aur use aram milata hai.
• mathe, nak, chhati v pith par lagane ke lie kesar jayaphal v lauang ka lep (pani mean) banaean aur rat ko sote samay lep karean.
• ganje logoan ke liye to yah sanjivani booti ki tarah karagar hai. jinake bal bich se u d jate haian, unhean tho di si mulahathi ko doodh mean pis lena chahie. tatpashchath usamean chutaki bhar kesar dal kar usaka pest banakar sote samay sir mean lagane se ganjepan ki samasya door hoti hai.
• roosi ki samasya ho ya phir bal jha d rahe hoan, aisi sthiti mean bhi uparokt pharmoola apanana chahie.
• yah sabhi 'kesar' ke ghareloo upachar evan upayog haian, lekin kisi vaidy ke paramarsh dvara isaka vishesh labh uthaya ja sakata hai. itane sare manavopayogi gunoan ko sanjoe 'kesar' sach mean ek anamol vanaspati evan adbhut aushadhi hai.
• savadhani chooanki yah ushnatavardhak hai, at: kam se kam sevan karana chahiye. garbhavati mahilaean adhik matra mean kesar ka sevan n kare, anyatha garbhapat ho jane ki ashanka rahati hai.

vibhinn bhashaoan mean kesar ke nam

bhasha	nam
hindi	keshar, kesar
aangrezi	saiphram
sanskrit	kuankubh, ghusrin, rakt kashmir
marathi	keshar
gujarati	keshar
bangali	kukam
tailagi	kukum puvu
pharasi	karakimas
arabi	japharan
laitin	krokas setaivas

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

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