कौशांबी
thumb|buddh|250px kaushaanbi, buddh kal ki param prasiddh nagari, jo vats desh ki rajadhani thi. isaka abhijnan, tahasil manjhanapur zila ilahabad mean prayag se 24 mil par sthit kosam nam ke gram se kiya gaya hai. yah nagari yamuna nadi par basi huee thi.
pauranik sandarbh
puranoan ke anusar hastinapur naresh nichakshu ne, jo parikshit ka vanshaj (yudhishthar se satavian pidhi mean) tha, hastinapur ke ganga dvara baha die jane par apani rajadhani vats desh ki kaushaanbi nagari mean banaee thi—adhisimkrishnaputro nichakshurbhavita nripah yo gangayaapahnate hastinapure kaushanvyaan nivatsyati. isi vansh ki 26vian pidhi mean buddh ke samay mean kaushaanbi ka raja udayan tha. is nagari ka ullekh mahabharat mean nahian hai, phir bhi isaka astitv eesa se kee shatiyoan poorv tha. gautam buddh ke samay mean kaushaanbi apane aishvary ke madhyahnakal mean thi. jatak kathaoan tatha bauddh sahity mean kaushaanbi ka varnan anek bar aya hai. kalidas, bhas aur kshemendr kaushaanbi naresh udayan se sambandhit anek lokakathaoan ki poori tarah se janakari thi.
buddh se sambandh
udayan ke samay mean gautamabuddh kaushaanbi mean aksar ate-jate rahate the. unake sambandh ke karan kaushaanbi ke anek sthan saik doan varshoan tak prasiddh rahe. buddhacharit 21,33 ke anusar kaushaanbi mean, buddh ne dhanavan, ghoshil, kubjottara tatha any mahilaoan tatha purushoan ko dikshit kiya tha. yahaan ke vikhyat shreshthi ghoshit (sambhavatah buddhacharit ka ghoshil) ne 'ghoshitaram' nam ka ek sundar udyan buddh ke nivas ke lie banavaya tha. ghoshit ka bhavan nagar ke dakshin-poorvi kone mean tha. ghoshitaram ke nikat hi ashok ka banavaya hua 150 hath ooancha stoop tha. isi viharavan ke dakshin-poorv mean ek bhavan tha jisake ek bhag mean achary vasubandhu rahate the. inhoanne vijnapti matrata siddhi namak granth ki rachana ki thi. isi van ke poorv mean vah makan tha jahaan ary asang ne apane granth yogacharabhoomi ki rachana ki thi.
aitihasik tathy
kaushaanbi se ek kos uttar-pashchim mean ek chhoti paha di thi, jisaki plaksh namak guha mean buddh kee bar ae the. yahian shvabhr namak prakritik kund tha. jain granthoan mean bhi kaushaanbi ka ullekh hai. avashyak sootr ki ek katha mean jain bhikshuni chandana ka ullekh hai, jo bhikshuni banane se poorv kaushaanbi ke ek vyapari dhanavah ke hathoan bech di gee thi. isi sootr mean kaushaanbi naresh shatanik ka bhi ullekh hai. isaki rani mrigavati videh ki rajakumari thi. maury kal mean pataliputr ka gaurav adhik badh jane se kaushaanbi samriddhivihin ho gee. phir bhi ashok ne yahaan prastar stambh par apani dharmalipiyaan—sanvat 1 se 6 tak utkirn karavayian. isi stambh par ek any dharmalipi bhi aankit hai, jisase bauddh sangh ke prati anastha dikhane vale bhikshuoan ke lie dand niyat kiya gaya hai. isi stambh par ashok ki rani aur tivar ki mata karuvaki ka bhi ek lekh hai.
kaushaanbi ka patan
guptakal mean any bauddh kendroan ki bhaanti hi kaushaanbi ka mahattv bhi bahut kam ho gaya. guptasanvat 139=459 ee. ka ek lekh prastar moorti par aankit hai, jo skandagupt ke samay ka hai aur maharaj bhimavarman se sambandhit hai. chini yatri yuvanachvaang ki bharat yatra ke samay (360-645 ee.) kaushaanbi khandaharoan ki nagari ban chuki thi. kannaujadhip harsh ke prasiddh natak ratnavali ki mukhy ghatanasthali kaushaanbi hi hai. jain granth vividhatirthakalp mean bhi shatanik ke putr udayan ka ullekh hai aur use vatsanaresh kaha gaya hai.
puratattv
kaliandi ke tat par sthit kaushaanbi ke anek vanoan ka bhi ullekh hai. chandanavala ne mahavir ke sammanarth chhah mas ka upavas kaushaanbi mean kiya tha. bhagavan padmaprabhu ne yahian par jain dharm diksha li thi. nagari mean anek vishal chhaya vale kaushanb vriksh the-yaty siniddhachhaya kosanvatarutromahapabhaga disanti. hal hi mean prayag vishvavidyalay ki puratattv parishad ne kosam ki khudaee dvara anek prachin sthaloan ko prakash mean lakar unaka abhijnan kiya hai. is sambandh mean sabase adhik mahattvapoorn kary ghoshitaram ki khoj hai. jaisa oopar likha ja chuka hai ghoshitaram, kaushaanbi mean buddh ka sarvapratham nivasasthan tha. isaka abhijnan kuchh abhilekhoan ki sahayata se kiya gaya hai. in abhilekhoan se kaushaanbi ka kosam se abhijnan bhi, jisake vishay mean pahale vidvanoan mean kafi matabhed tha, nishchit roop se pramanit ho gaya hai. zila ilahabad ke k da namak sthan se ek abhilekh prapt hua tha, jisamean is sthan ko kaushaanbi mandal ke aantargat bataya gaya hai.
paryatan sthal
yahaan sthit pramukh paryatan sthaloan mean shitala mandir, durga devi mandir, prabhashagiri aur ram mandir vishesh roop se prasiddh hai.
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sanbandhit lekh
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