क्रिया
- jis shabd athava shabd-samooh ke dvara kisi kary ke hone athava kiye jane ka bodh ho use kriya kahate haian. jaise-
- sita 'nach rahi hai'.
- bachcha doodh 'pi raha hai'.
- suresh k aaulej 'ja raha hai'.
- mira 'buddhiman hai'.
- shiva ji bahut 'vir' the.
inamean ‘nach rahi hai’, ‘pi raha hai’, ‘ja raha hai’ shabdoan se kary-vyapar ka bodh ho raha haian. in sabhi shabdoan se kisi kary ke karane athava hone ka bodh ho raha hai. atah ye kriyaean haian.
- kriya sarthak shabdoan ke ath bhedoan mean ek bhed hai.
- vyakaran mean kriya ek vikari shabd hai.
dhatu
kriya ka mool roop dhatu kahalata hai. jaise - likh, padh, ja, kha, ga, ro, adi. inhian dhatuoan se likhata, padhata, adi kriyaean banati haian.
kriya ke bhed
kriya ke do bhed haian-
- akarmak kriya.
- sakarmak kriya.
- dvikarmak kriya
akarmak kriya
jin kriyaoan ka asar karta par hi p data hai ve akarmak kriya kahalati haian. aisi akarmak kriyaoan ko karm ki avashyakata nahian hoti. akarmak kriyaoan ke udaharan haian-
- rakesh rota hai.
- saanp reangata hai.
- bas chalati hai.
kuchh akarmak kriyaean
- lajana,
- hona,
- badhana,
- sona,
- khelana,
- ak dana,
- darana,
- baithana,
- hansana,
- ugana,
- jina,
- dau dana,
- rona,
- thaharana,
- chamakana,
- dolana,
- marana,
- ghatana,
- phaandana,
- jagana,
- barasana,
- uchhalana,
- koodana adi.
sakarmak kriya
jin kriyaoan ka asar karta par nahian karm par p data hai, vah sakarmak kriya kahalati haian. in kriyaoan mean karm ka hona avashyak hota haian, udaharan -
- maian lekh likhata hooan.
- suresh mithaee khata hai.
- mira phal lati hai.
- bhanvara phooloan ka ras pita hai.
dvikarmak kriya
jin kriyaoan ke do karm hote haian, unhean dvikarmak kriya kahate haian. udaharan-
- maianne ram ko pustak di.
- shyam ne radha ko rupaye die.
- oopar ke vakyoan mean ‘dena’ kriya ke do karm haian. atah dena dvikarmak kriya haian.
prayog ki drishti se kriya ke bhed
- prayog ki drishti se kriya ke nimnalikhit paanch bhed haian-
samany kriya
jahaan keval ek kriya ka prayog kiya jata hai vahaan samany kriya hoti hai. jaise-
- ap ae.
- vah nahaya adi.
sanyukt kriya
jahaan do athava adhik kriyaoan ka sath-sath prayog kiya jata hai, ve sanyukt kriya kahalati haian. jaise-
- mira mahabharat padhane lagi.
- vah kha chuka.
nam dhatu kriya
sanjna, sarvanam athava visheshan shabdoan se bane kriyapad ko namadhatu kriya kahate haian. jaise - hathiyana, sharamana, apanana, lajana, jhuthalana adi.
preranarthak kriya
jis kriya se jnan ho ki karta svayan kary ko n karake kisi any ko kary karane ki prerana deta hai vah preranarthak kriya kahalati hai. in kriyaoan ke do karta hote haian-
- prerak karta - prerana pradan karane vala.
- prerit karta - prerana lene vala.
jaise -
- shyam radha se patr likhavata hai. isamean vastav mean patr to radha likhati hai, kintu usako likhane ki prerana shyam deta hai. atah ‘likhavana’ kriya preranarthak kriya hai. is vaky mean shyam prerak karta hai aur radha prerit karta.
poorvakalik kriya
kisi kriya se poorv yadi koee doosari kriya prayukt hoti hai to vah poorvakalik kriya kahalati hai.
- jaise- maian abhi sokar utha hooan. isamean ‘utha hooan’ kriya se poorv ‘sokar’ kriya ka prayog hua hai. atah ‘sokar’ poorvakalik kriya hai.
vishesh- poorvakalik kriya ya to kriya ke samany roop mean prayukt hoti hai athava dhatu ke aant mean ‘kar’ athava ‘karake’ laga dene se poorvakalik kriya ban jati hai. jaise-
- rakesh doodh pite hi so gaya.
- l dakiyaan pustakean padhakar jaeangi.
apoorn kriya
kee bar vaky mean kriya ke hote hue bhi usaka arth spasht nahian hota, aisi kriyaean apoorn kriya kahalati haian. jaise -
- mahatma gaandhi the.
- tum ho. ye kriyaean apoorn kriyaean hai.
- inhian vakyoan ko is prakar poorn kiya ja sakata hai-
- mahatma gaandhi rashtrapita the.
- tum buddhiman ho.
- in vakyoan mean kramashah ‘rashtrapita’ aur ‘buddhiman’ shabdoan ke prayog se spashtata a gee. ye sabhi shabd ‘poorak’ haian.
- apoorn kriya ke arth ko poora karane ke lie jin shabdoan ka prayog kiya jata hai unhean poorak kahate haian.
sanbandhit lekh
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