ग़ुलाम वंश

sthapana

gulam vansh dilli mean kutubaddin aibak dvara 1206 ee. mean sthapit kiya gaya tha. yah vansh 1290 ee. tak shasan karata raha. isaka nam gulam vansh is karan p da ki isaka sansthapak aur usake iltutamish aur balaban jaise mahanh uttaradhikari prarambh mean gulam athava das the aur bad mean ve dilli ka sianhasan prapt karane mean samarth hue. kutubaddin (1206-10 ee.) moolat: shahabuddin mohammad gori ka turk das tha aur 1192 ee. ke 'tarain ke yuddh' mean vijay prapt karane mean usane apane svami ki vishesh sahayata ki. usane apane svami ki or se dilli par adhikar kar liya aur musalamanoan ki saltanat pashchim mean gujarat tatha poorv mean bihar aur bangal tak, 1206 ee. mean gori ki mrityu ke poorv mean hi, vistrit kar di.

dilli ke sianhasan par yah vansh 1206 ee. se 1290 ee. tak aroodh raha. isaka sansthapak kutubuddin aibak muhammad gori ka turk das tha. par usaki yogyata dekhakar gori ne use dasata se mukt kar diya. kutubuddin moolat: gulam tha. isalie yah rajavansh gulam vansh kahalata hai. vah 1210 ee. tak gaddi par raha. kahate haian, dilli ki qutubaminar ka nirman-kary usane hi aranbh karaya tha. vah yogy shasak mana jata hai.
is vansh ka doosara prasiddh shasak iltutamish tha jisane 1211 ee. se 1236 ee. tak shasan kiya. usake samay mean samrajy ka bahut vistar hua aur kashmir se narmada tak tatha bangal se siandhu tak ka bhoo-bhag gulam vansh ke adhin a gaya. iltutamish ke bete b de vilasi the. at: kuchh samay bad (1236 ee. mean) usaki putri rajiya begam gaddi par baithi. rajiya b di buddhiman mahila thi. vah mardane vastr pahanakar darabar mean baithati thi. par shadyantroan se apane ko nahian bacha saki aur 1240 ee. mean usaki hatya kar di gee.
isi vansh mean ek aur pramukh shasak hua- sulatan gayasuddin balaban. balaban bhi moolat: iltutamish ka gulam tha isane 1266 se 1287 ee. tak shasan kiya. isake samay mean rajy mean shaanti vyavastha ki sthiti bahut achchhi ho gee thi. amir khusaroan gulam shasakoan ke hi sanrakshit vidvanh the.

gulam vansh ke shasak

1206 se 1290 ee. ke madhy 'dilli saltanat' par jin turk shasakoan dvara shasan kiya gaya unhean 'gulam vansh' ka shasak mana jata hai. is kal ke dauran dilli saltanat par shasan karane vale rajavansh the-

kutubuddin aibak ka 'kutbi'
iltutamish (altamash) ka 'shamsi'
balaban ka 'balavani'

in shasakoan ko 'gulam vansh' ka shasak kahana isalie uchit nahian hai, kyoanki in tinoan turk shasakoan ka janm svatantr mata pita se hua tha. isalie inhean 'prarambhik turk' shasak v 'mamalook' shasak kahana adhik upayukt hoga.
itihasakar ajij ahamad ne in shasakoan ko dilli ke 'arambhik turk shasakoan' ka nam diya hai.
'mamalook' shabd ka arth hota hai- svatantr mata pita se utpann das.
'mamalook' nam itihasakar habibullah ne diya hai. aibak, iltutamish, evan balavan 'ilbari turk' the.
gulam rajavansh ne lagabhag 84 varshoan tak is up mahadvip par shasan kiya. yah pratham 'muslim rajavansh' tha jisane bharat par shasan kiya.

kutubuddin aibak (1206 - 1210) is vansh ka pratham shasak tha .
aramashah (1210 - 1211)
iltutamish (1211 - 1236),
rukunuddin firozashah (1236)
raziya sultan (1236 - 1240)
muizuddin baharamashah (1240 - 1242 )
alauddin masood (1242 - 46 ee.)
nasirooddin mahamood (1245 - 1265)
any kee shasakoan ke bad ullekhaniy roop se gayasuddin balaban (1250 - 1290) sultan bane .

shasakoan dvara shasan

kutubuddin aibak ka putr aur uttaradhikari aramashah tha, jisane keval ek varsh rajy kiya aur bad mean 1211 ee. mean usake bahanoee iltutamish ne use sianhasan se hata diya.
iltutamish bhi kushal prashasak tha aur usane 1236 ee. mean apani mrityu tak rajy kiya.
usaka uttaradhikari, usaka putr ruknuddin tha, jo ghor nikamma tatha durachari tha aur use keval kuchh mahinoan ke shasan ke uparant gaddi se utarakar usaki bahin rajiyyatuddin, upanam raziya sultan ko 1237 ee. mean sianhasanasin kiya gaya.
raziya kushal shasak siddh huee, kintu stri hona hi usake virodh ka karan hua aur 3 varshoan ke shasan ke uparaant 1240 ee. mean use gaddi se utar diya gaya.
usaka bhaee baharam usaka uttaradhikari hua aur usane 1242 ee. tak rajy kiya, jab usaki hatya kar di gee.
usake uparaant iltutamish ka pautr masood shah uttaradhikari hua, kintu vah itana vilasapriy aur atyachari shasak siddh hua ki 1246 ee. mean use gaddi se utarakar iltutamush ke any putr nasiruddin ko shasak banaya gaya.
sultan nasiruddin mean vilasapriyata adi durgun n the. vah shaant svabhav ka aur vidyapremi vyakti tha. sath hi use balaban sarikhe karttavyanishth ek aise vyakti ka sahayog prapt tha, jo iltutamish ke pratham chalis gulamoan mean se ek aur sultan ka shvasur bhi tha. usane 20 varshoan tak (1246-1266 ee.) shasan kiya.
usake uparaant usaka shvasur balaban sianhasanasin hua, jo b da hi kathor shasak tha. usane iltutamish ke kal se hone vale mangol akramanoan se desh ko mukt kiya, sabhi hindoo aur muslim vidrohoan ka daman kiya aur darabar tatha samast rajy mean shanti aur suvyavastha sthapit ki. usane bangal ke tugaril khaan ke vidroh ka daman karake 1286 ee. athava apani mrityuparyant rajy kiya. isake ek varsh poorv hi usake priy putr shahajada muhammad ki mrityu panjab mean mangol akramakoan ke yuddh ke bich ho chuki thi. usake dvitiy putr bugara khaan ne , jise usane bangal ka soobedar niyukt kiya tha, dilli akar apane pita ke shasan bhar ko sanbhalana asvikar kar diya. aisi paristhiti mean bugara khaan ke putr kaikobad ko 1286 ee. mean sultan ghoshit kiya gaya, kintu vah itana sharabi nikala ki darabar ke amiroan ne usake viruddh vidroh kar diya aur 1290 ee. mean usaka vadh kar dala. is prakar gulam vansh ka du:khamay aant hua.

gulam vansh ki upalabdhiyaan

gulam vansh ke shasakoan ne praja ke hitoan par adhik dhyan n diya aur prashasan ki apeksha bhog-vilasoan mean hi unaka adhik jhukav raha. phir bhi vastukala ke kshetr mean unaki kuchh ullekhaniy kritiyaan shesh hai, jinamean qutubaminar apani bhavyata ke karan darshaniy hai. is vansh ke shasakoan ne minahajuddin siraj aur amir khusaro jaise vidvanoan ko sanrakshan pradan kiya. minahajuddin siraj ne 'tabakate-nasiri' namak granth ki rachana ki hai.

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah