गुणाढ्य
gunadhy
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| janm | kambodiya se prapt 875 ee. ke ek abhilekh ke adhar par gunadhy ke astitv ki kalpana 600 ee. se poorv ki hai. |
| janm bhoomi | pratishthanapur |
| abhibhavak | kirtisen |
| karm bhoomi | bharat |
| mukhy rachanaean | akhyayika granth 'b d katha' |
| bhasha | sanskrit, pali, prakrit, paishachi |
| vidyalay | gunadhy ne dakshinapath mean vidyarjan kiya tha. |
| prasiddhi | vidvanh |
| any janakari | kuchh achary 'b d katha' ko vyas aur valmiki ki rachanaoan ke kram mean tisari mahanh kriti manakar gunadhy ko vyas ka avatar manate haian. |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
gunadhy prasiddh akhyayika granth 'b d katha', jo ki paishachi bhasha mean likha gaya tha, ke praneta the. vidvanoan mean gunadhy ke samay ko lekar matabhed haian. sanskrit tatha apabhransh granthoan mean jo ullekh prapt hote haian, ve 7vian shatabdi se prachin nahian hai. kith ne kambodiya se prapt 875 ee. ke ek abhilekh ke adhar par gunadhy ke astitv ki kalpana 600 ee. se poorv ki hai. gunadhy ki vidvata se prabhavit hokar hi satavahan vansh ke raja ne unhean apana mantri bana liya tha.
janm tatha shiksha
kshemeandr krit 'brihatkathamanjari' ke ek vivaran ke anusar gunadhy pratishthan nivasi kirtisen ke putr the. gunadhy ne dakshinapath mean vidyarjan kiya tha. ve pratibha ke dhani aur vidvata se paripoorn the, yahi karan tha ki satavahan raja unase prabhavit hua aur unhean apana mantri niyukt kiya.
pratidvandita
yah mana jata hai ki satavahan naresh sanskrit vyakaran ka achchha jnata nahian tha, jis karan ek bar jalakri da ke samay vah vidushi raniyoan ke madhy upahas ka patr ban gaya. isase du:khi hokar raja ne alpakal mean hi sanskrit vyakaran me parangat hone ke nimitt gunadhy pandit ko prerit kiya, lekin unhoanne ise asanbhav bataya. vahian 'katatr' ke rachayita ek doosare sabhapandit sharvavarma ne is kary ko chhah mas mean hi sanbhav kar dena bataya. gunadhy ne usaki is chunauti aur pratidvandita ka uttar apani rosh yukt pratijna dvara kiya. lekin sharvavarma ne usi avadhi mean raja ko sanskrit vyakaran ka achchha jnan kara diya. isake phalasvaroop pratijna ke anusar gunadhy ko nagar ka nivas chho d kar vanavas ki or jana p da aur sath hi sanskrit, pali tatha prakrit chho d kar paishachi bhasha ka ashray lena p da.
'b d katha' ki rachana
kuchh vidvanh gunadhy ko kashmir qa nivasi manate haian. yadyapi gunadhy dvara rachit paishachi bhasha ka akhyayika granth 'b d katha'[1] aj upalabdh nahian hai, parantu prachin granthoan mean unaka ullekh anek bar hone se unaka mahattv prakat hai. gunadhy ne paishachi mean sat lakh kathaoan ki 'b d katha' ki rachana ki thi, jo kanabhooti ke anusar cham de par likhi vidyadhareandro ki katha bataee jati hai. bad mean satavahan naresh ki rajyasabha mean samman n milane se unhoanne is vishal granth ko agni mean samarpit kar diya. aisa kaha jata hai ki madhury ke karan pashu-pakshi gan tak nirahar rah kar katha shravan mean lin rahane lage, jisase ve maansarahit ho ge. idhar van jivoan ke maansabhav ka karan janane ke liye satavahan raja dvara poochhatachh kie jane par lubdhakoan ne jo uttar diya, usake anusar ve gunadhy ko manane athava 'b d katha' ko bachane ke uddeshy se van ki or ge. vahaan ve anurodhapoorvak granth ka keval saptamaansh jalane se bachane mean saphal ho sake, jo kshemeandr krit 'brihatkatha shlokasangrah' (7500 shlok) aur somadev krit 'kathasaritsagar' (2400 shlok) namak sanskrit roopaantaroan mean upalabdh hai.
yadyapi gunadhy dvara krit 'b d katha' ab anupalabdh hai, phir bhi jaise saptashatiyoan ki paranpara ka adi srot hal krit 'gahasattasee' bataee jati hai, vaise hi bharatiy akhyayika sahity ka atit 'b d katha' se sanyukt hai. ban ne use haralila ke saman vismayakarak, trivikram ne atyadhik logoan ka manoranjan karane vala aur dhanapal ne upajivy granth manakar use sagar ke saman vishal bataya hai, jisaki booand se sanskrit ke paravarti akhyayikakar aur kavi apani rachanaean prastut karate ae haian. is drishti se gunady paravarti akhyayika lekhakoan ke shikshak siddh hote hai. puranoan, vedoan adi mean prapt kathaoan ki shisht sahity dhara, jo bharatiy itihas ke saanskritik atit se ju di hai, usi ke thik samanaantar lok prachalit kathaoan ki dhara bhi adi kal se sanbandhit hai. gunady ne sarvapratham is dvitiy dhara ka sangrah janabhasha mean kiya. at: pauranik katha-sankalanoan ki bhaanti lok kathaoan ke is sangrah ka bhi asadharan mahatv hai. isiliye govardhanachary ne 'b d katha' ko vyas aur valmiki ki kritiyoan ke pashchath tisari mahanh kriti manakar gunadhy ko vyas ka avatar kaha hai.
samay kal
adhikaansh vidvanoan mean gunadhy ke samay ko lekar vivad haian. sanskrit tatha apabhransh granthoan mean jo ullekh prapt hote haian, ve 7vian shatabdi se prachin nahian hai. kith ne kambodiya se prapt 875 ee. ke ek abhilekh ke adhar par unake astitv ki kalpana 600 ee. se poorv ki hai. prachalit pravadoan mean gunadhy ka sanbandh satavahan se jo da gaya hai. satavahan nareshoan ka samay 200 ee. poo. se 300 ee. tak mana jata hai, jinake samay mean prakrit sahity ki pratinidhi rachanaean huee thian. isake atirikt vidvanoan ka mat hai ki 'kadambari', 'dashakumaracharit', 'udayan' aur 'panchatantr' ki kathaoan ka mool 'brihatkatha' hi hai. inamean 'panchatantr' ka pahalavi bhasha mean hua anuvad paanchavian shatabdi ka bataya jata hai. at: gunadhy ka kal nissandeh tritiy chaturth shatabdi mean kabhi mana ja sakata hai.
sankalan kary
anek vidvanoan ka mat hai ki bharatiy sahity ki do dharaean adi kal se hi prachalit rahi haian. ek dhara ved, puran adi ki thi aur doosari usi ke samanaantar lok prachalit kathaoan ki dhara thi. gunadhy ne isi katha dhara ko sankalit karane ka mahanh kary kiya. isaliye kuchh achary b d katha ko vyas aur valmiki ki rachanaoan ke kram mean tisari mahanh kriti manakar gunadhy ko vyas ka avatar manate haian.[2]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh