गुप्तकालीन धार्मिक स्थिति

[[chitr:God-Vishnu.jpg|thumb|vishnu]] gupt samrajy ko brahman dharm v hindoo dharm ke punarutthan ka samay mana jata hai. hindoo dharm vikas yatra ke is charan mean kuchh mahattvapoorn parivartan drishtigochar hue jaise moortipooja hindoo dharm ka samany lakshan ban gee. yajn ka sthan upasana ne le liya evan gupt kal mean hi vaishnav evan shaiv dharm ke madhy samanvay sthapit hua. eeshvar bhakti ko mahattv diya gaya. tatkalin mahattvapoorn sampraday ke roop mean vaishnav evan shaiv sampraday prachalan mean the.

vaishnav dharm

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yah gupt shasakoan ka vyaktigat dharm tha. anek gupt rajaoan ne 'paramabhagavath' ki upadhi dharan ki. in rajaoan ne apani rajajnaean garu dadhvaj se aankit karavayian. chandragupt dvitiy evan samudragupt dvara jari kie ge sikkoan par vishnu ke vahan garu d ki akriti khudi mili hai. isake atirikt vaishnav dharm ke kuchh any chihn jaise shankh, chakr, gada, padm, lakshmi ka aankan bhi guptakalin sikkoan par milata hai. guptakalin mahattvapoorn abhilekh skandagupt ka 'joonagadh' evan budhagupt ka 'eran abhilekh' vishnu stuti se hi prarambh hue haian. chakrapalit nam se guptakalin karmachari ne vishnu ke ek mandir ka nirman karavaya tha. chandragupt vikramadity ne vishnupad parvat ke shikhar par vishnudhvaj ki sthapana ki. guptakalin kuchh abhilekhoan ne vishnu ko ‘madhusoodan‘ kaha gaya hai. vaishnav dharm gupt kal mean apane charamoantkarsh par rtha. 'avataravad' vaishnav dharm ka pradhan aang tha. [[chitr:Shiva.jpg|thumb||left|shiv]]

shaiv dharm

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gupt rajaoan ki dharmik sahishnuta ki bhavana ke karan hi shaiv dharm ka bhi vikas is kal mean hua, jabaki guptoan ka vyaktigat dharm vaishnav dharm tha. chandragupt vikramadity ka senapati virasena prakaand shaiv viddhan tha. usane udayagiri paha di ke aandar shaivoan ke nivas ke lie gupha ka nirman karaya tha. guptoan ke samay mean mathura mean 'maheshvar' nam ka shaiv sampraday nivas kar raha tha. kalidas ke 'meghadoot' ke varnan mean ujjayini mean ek mahakal ke mandir ka varnan hai. shaiv dharm ka ek aur anuyayi prithvishen, jo kumaragupt pratham ka senapati tha, ne karamadanda namak sthan par ek shiv ki pratima sthapit ki. samant maharaj hastin ke khoh abhilekh mean ‘namo mahadev‘ ka ullekh hai. is prakar se yah spasht ho jata hai ki gupt kal mean vaishnav dharm ke samane shaiv dharm ki avahelana nahian ki gayi. guptakal mean bhagavan shiv ki moortiyaan manaviy akar evan liang ke roop mean banaee gee thi. manavakar shiv ki moortiyoan mean kosam se prapt moorti mahattvapoorn hai. liang moortiyoan mean nagod se prapt ekaliang mukhakriti mahattvapoorn hai. shiv ke ardhanarishvar roop ki kalpana evan shiv tatha parvati ki ek sath moortiyoan ka nirman sarvapratham isi kal mean arambh hua. shaiv evan vaishnav dharm ke samanvay ko darshane vale bhagavan ‘harihar‘ ki moortiyoan ka nirman gupt kal mean hi hua. trimoorti pooja ke antargat is samay brahma, vishnu evan mahesh ki pooja arambh huee. ‘vaman puran‘ ke varnan ke anusar gupt kal mean char shaiv sampradayoan ka prachalan tha -

1. shaiv
2. pashupat
3. kapalik
4. kalamukh.

soory pooja

[[chitr:Surya.jpg|thumb|soory devata]] gupt kal mean sooryopasak logoan ka bhi sampraday tha. vikram sanvat 529 ke 'mandasaur shilalekh' ke prarambhik kuchh shloankoan mean soory bhagavan ki stuti ki gee hai. bulandashahar zile ke ‘madasyat‘ namak sthal par soory mandir hone ke sakshy mile haian. mihirakul ke 'gvaliyar abhilekh' se matrichet namak nagarik dvara gvaliyar mean parvat shrriang par ek prastar soory mandir banavane ke sakshy mile hai. soory ke anek namoan mean se abhilekhoan mean 'lokark', 'bhaskar', 'adity', 'varunasvami' evan 'martand' nam milate haian.

bauddh dharm

yadyapi gupt shasakoan ne is dharm ko apana sanrakshan pradan nahian kiya, phir bhi yah dharm vikasit hua. inake samay mean bauddh dharm ke mukhy kendr ke roop mean gaya, mathura, kaushambi, evan saranath prasiddh the. guptoan ke samay mean hi prasiddh bauddh vihar nalanda ki sthapana ki gee. saanchi ke ek lekh ke anusar chandraguanpt dvitiy ne kisi amrakatrab nam ke bauddh dharm ke anuyayi ko apane rajy mean ooanche pad par niyukti kiya tha. is vyakti ne kakanadabar ke mahavihar ko 25 dinar dan mean diya tha. gupt kal ke prasiddh bauddh achary vasubandhu, asang evan dinanag the. in acharyo ne apani vidvata ke dvara bharatiy jnan ke vikas mean sahayog kiya. chini yatri fahyan ke anusar gupt kal mean bauddh dharm apane svabhavik roop mean vikasit ho raha tha. bauddh dharm ki mahayan shakha ke antargat madhyamik evan yogachar sampraday ka vikas hua. isamean yogachar sampraday guptoan ke samay mean kafi prachalit tha. gupt kal mean hi aryadev ne ‘chatushshatak‘ evan asang ne ‘mahayan sangrah‘, yogachar bhoomishastr tatha mahayan sootralankar jaise granthoan ki rachana ki. [[chitr:Buddhism-Symbol.jpg|thumb|left|bauddh dharm ka pratik]]

jain dharm

guptakal mean jain dharm ka vikas hua. guptoan ke samay mean hi mathura (313 ee.) evan vallabhi (453 ee.) mean jain sabhaean ayojit ki gee. is samay moortiyoan ke nirman ke antargat mahavir evan any tirthankar ki sidhi kh di huee evan palathi marakar baithi huee moortiyaan nirmit ki gee. guptakal mean jain dharm madhyamavargiy logoan evan vyapariyoan mean khoob prachalit tha. kadanb evan gang rajaoan ne is dharm ko sanrakshan pradan kiya. 426 ee. ke kumaragupt pratham ke udayagiri abhilekh mean kisi shankar nam ke jain dharm anuyayi dvara parshrvanath ki moortiyoan ki sthapana ka ullekh milata hai. paha dapur se prapt lekhoan mean jain mandiroan ko bhoomidan ka ullekh milata hai.

‘kahaum lekh‘ se spasht hota hai ki skandagupt ke samay madr nam ke vyakti ne paanch jain tirthankar- rrishabhanath (adinath), shaantinath, neminath, parshvanath evan mahavir ki moortiyoan ki sthapana karaee. mathura abhilekh ke varnan ke anusar kumaragupt pratham ke samay mean harisvamini nam ki jain matavalambi mahila ne jain mandir ko dan diya. guptoan ke samay jain dharm magadh se lekar kaliang, mathura, udayagiri, tamilanadu tak phaila tha.

shaddarshan

saankhy, yog, nyay, vaisheshik, poorv evan uttar mimaansa (vedaant) ki mahattvapoorn kritiyoan ki rachana gupt yug mean huee.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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