गेहूँ

thumb|250px|gehooan ki kataee gehooan vishvavyapi mahattv ki fasal hai. yah lakhoan logoan ka mukhy khady hai. mukhy roop se eshiya mean dhan ki kheti ki jati hai, to bhi vishv ke sabhi prayadvipoan mean gehooan ugaya jata hai. vishv ki badhati janasankhya ke lie gehooan lagabhag 20 pratishat ahar kailori ki poorti karata hai. vishvavyapi gehooan utpadan varsh 2007-2008 mean 62.22 karo d tan tak pahuanch gaya tha. bharat gehooan ka chin ke bad doosara vishalatam utpadak hai. khadyann fasaloan ke bich gehooan vishisht sthan rakhata hai.

chaval ke bad gehooan desh ka doosara sabase mahattvapoorn khadyann hai. desh ke kul 10% bhag par gehooan ki krishi ki jati hai, kiantu chaval ki apeksha isaka prati hekteyar utpadan lagabhag 2500 kilogram. adhik hai. gehooan ki adhikaansh krishi sianchaee ke sahare ki jati hai. bharat mean isaki kheti ka sabase achchha samay aktoobar aur navambar ka samay hota hai. is samay boee gee fasal se kafi achchha labh prapt hota hai. harit-kraanti ka sabase adhik prabhav gehooan ki krishi par hi p da hai. gehooan ke sabase pramukh utpadak rajy uttar pradesh, panjab tatha hariyana mean harit- kraanti ke prayogoan se uchch utpadakata tatha utpadan ki matra adhik prapt ki gee hai. in rajyoan mean kul 758 lakh tan gehooan ka utpadan hua, jo 1990-91 ki tulana mean 3.67% ki varshik vriddhi ko darshata hai. 2006-2007 mean uttar pradesh desh ke kul utpadan ka 34.71% panjab, hariyana, madhy pradesh, rajasthan tatha bihar gehooan ke sarvadhik mahattvapoorn utpadak rajy haian, jo gujarat tatha maharashtr rajyoan ke sath milakar desh ke lagabhag 90% gehooan ka utpadan karate haian. uttar pradesh mean dakshini parvatiy evan pathari bhoomi ko chho dakar sarvatr bhag mean gehooan ki krishi ki jati haian.

gehooan ke prakar

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bharat mean gehooan mukhy roop se do prakar ke hote hai-

1. mridu gehooan
2. kathor gehooan

tritikam aistivam (roti gehooan) mridu gehooan hota hai aur tritikam dayooram kathor gehooan hota hai. bharat mean mukhy roop se tritikam ki tin jatiyoan jaise aistivam, dayooram evan daikokam ki kheti ki jati hai. tritikam aistivam ki kheti desh ke sabhi kshetroan mean ki jati hai jabaki dayooram ki kheti panjab evan madhy bharat mean aur daikokam ki kheti karnatak mean ki jati hai.

vishv vitaran

vishv ki kul 23% hekteyar bhoomi par gehooan ki kheti ki jati hai. gehooan ka varshik utpadan 50 karo d tan hai.

pramukh utpadak desh

sanyukt rajy amerika, chin, bharat, yooropiy desh, kanada, turki, pakistan, arjentina, uttari afrika ke desh dakshini afrika maiksikoan, roos, chili adi. thumb|220px|left|gehooan

bharat

bharat vishv mean gehooan utpadan ki drishti se tisara b da desh hai. yahaan vishv ka 8% gehooan paida kiya jata hai. mukhy utpadan kshetr uttar pradesh (33%), panjab (23%) madhy pradesh (11%) tatha hariyana (9%) hai. bharat mean harit kraanti ke dauran gehooan ki anek uchch utpadakata vali kismean vikasit ki geean. inamean larama, rojo, sonar 64, kalyan sona, sonalika, arjun, pratap, mukta, shailaja adi pramukh haian. raj 3077 gehooan ki aisi nayi kism hai, jisamean any prajatiyoan ki apeksha 12% adhik protin paya jata hai. ise amliy evan kshariy donoan prakar ki mittiyoan mean boya ja sakata hai. tritikel di 46 bharat mean gehooan aur raee ke mishran se bani nayian sankar prajati hai. gehooan ka aantarrashtriy shodh sansthan 'maiksiko' tatha damishk (siriya) mean sthit hai.

sanyukt rajy amerika

amerika vishv ka sabase b da gehooan utpadan desh hai. yahaan vishv ka 13% gehooan paida kiya jata hai. yahaan par 2.6 karo d tan hekteyar bhoomi par 6.6 karo d mitrik tan gehooan ki upaj hoti hai.

chin

chin vishv ka doosara b da gehooan utpadan desh hai. yahaan vishv ka 12% gehooan paida kiya jata hai. chin mean do prakar ke gehooan ka utpadan hota hai. vasantakalin gehooan aur shitakalin gehooan. basantakalin gehooan manchooriya tatha aantarik mangoliya mean boya jata hai. jabaki shitakalin gehooan hvaangahoan nadi ki ghati tatha yaangatsi nadi ki ghati mean boya jata hai.

gehooan se fayade

thumb|220px|gehooan

• gehooan ki roti any annoan se achchhi hoti hai. dast ho jane par sauanph ko pisakar pani mean milakar, tatha chhanakar sauanph ke pani mean gehooan ka ata milakar roti banakar khane se labh hota hai.
• gehooan ubalakar tatha usake garm-garm pani se soojan vali jagah ko dhone se soojan kam ho jati hai.
• 12gram gehooan ko pisakar tatha usamean 12 gram hi shahad milakar chatane se tooti huee haddiyaan ju d jati haian, tatha kamar aur jo doan ke dard mean bhi aram milata hai.
• gehooan aur chanoan ko ubalakar usaka pani pilane se gurda aur mootrashay ki pathari gal jati hai.
• gehooan ki roti ek or seank lean, ek or kachchi rakhean, kachchi roti ki or se til ka tel lagakar dard vale aang par baandh dean. isase dard door ho jata hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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