गोथ
goth ek mishrit prachin jarman bhasha bolane vali tyootan athava jarman jati, jisane eesa ke praanrabhik sadiyoan mean yoorapiy itihas par, vishesh roop se roman samrajy ko nasht kar, paryapt prabhav dala. apane prachinatam yugoan mean yah jati vishchula nadi ki bich ki ghati mean basi huee thi, jo sanbhavat: svidan ki or se aee thi aur jisane poorvi pomeraniyamean phailakar bandal jati ke pas p dos ko jit liya tha.
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itihas
gothoan ka shasan kabilaee hone ke bavajood rajasattatmak tha. unaka prachin sahity mean pahala ullekh eesa ki praanrabhik sadiyoan mean hi milata hai, jabaki un par unaka raja maroboduas raj karata tha. tisari sadi eesavi mean ve danoob nadi ki nichali ghati mean bhi dhave bolane lage aur is prakar romanoan se jab tab takarane lage. roman samrat gordiyan ne unhean ek bar parast kar 'gothoram vijayi' upadhi dharan ki thi; par samrat desiyas ko nishchay unhoanne mar dala tha aur samrat goanlas ko to unhoanne varshik kar dene ko bhi majaboor kiya. anek takkaroan ke bad samrat koanstaantin ne gothoan ko harakar unake raja ariyarik se sandhi kar li. gothoan ke itihas ke un praanrabhik dinoan mean sabase prasiddh raja haramanarik hua, jisaka nam jarman khyatoan mean amar ho gaya hai.[1]
gothoan ke prasiddh itihasakar jeradaniz ka kahana hai ki us raja ne dakshini roos mean basane vali anek jatiyoan par vijay prapt ki. usake shasan ki sima pashchim mean holstain tak pahuanch gee thi. chauthi sadi eesavi ke hoonoan ke hamaloan ka, apani matribhoomi vishchula ki ghati mean anek goth viroan ne samana kar, amarakirti arjit ki. svayan raja haramanarik ne hoonoan ke akraman ki chot n sah sakane ke karan 370 ee. ke lagabhag atmaghat kar liya.
shakhaean
gothoan ke sadharanat: do aang mane jate haian, jinamean se poorv mean rahane vale 'ostrogoth' kahalate the aur pashchim ke rahane vale 'vijigoth'. inhian pashchimi gothoan ne apane raja alorik ke netritv mean pashchimi roman samrajy ki ridh to d di thi. chauthi sadi eesavi se gothoan ki poorvi-pashchimi donoan shakhaoan ke itihas alag ho jate haian. us sadi ke chauthe charan ke aranbh mean hi roman samrajy mean pashchimi goth ghus ae aur samrat valeans ko marakar adriyanopul ki prasiddh l daee unhoanne jiti. isake bad romanoan tatha gothoan mean sandhi ho gee, jisase goth roman sena mean b di sankhya mean bharati kie ge. samrat thiyodosiyara mahanh ki 395 ee. mean mrityu ke bad goth romanoan se jhag dakar alag ho ge aur unhoanne alarik ko apana raja chuna. alarik ka yash usaki vijayoan ke sath roman samrajy mean phail chala. kalaantar mean vah roman samratoan ka vidhata bana aur ek bar to amar nagar rom tak usake charanoan mean lot gaya.[1]
samrajy vistar
alarik ke uttaradhikari ataulf ne rom ke sahayak ke roop mean gothoan par raj kiya, yadyapi yadi vah chahata to roman samrajy ke ek b de bhag par adhikar kar sakata tha. usane samrat thiyodosiyas ki poti se vivah kiya aur kuchh ajab n tha ki yadi unaka beta thiyodosiyas jivit rahata to vah romanoan evan goanthoan ka sanyukt samrat hota. 415 ee. mean barsilona mean ataulf ki hatya ho gee aur agali pidhi ke goth pradesh jitakar romanoan ke havale karate ge. paanchavian sadi ke madhy attila hoon ke mukabile thiyodorik pratham ke netritv mean goth romanoan ke phir mitr ban ge. par unake utsah ka baandh toot gaya, jab unhoanne dekha ki unhian ki jati ke goth hoonoan ke jhande ke niche unase l d rahe haian. thiyodorik 451 ee. mean yuddh mean mara gaya aur pashchimi tatha poorvi goth phir ek doosare se bahut door hat ge. dhire-dhire g aaul aur spen mean unake raj kayam hue aur dhire-dhire roman sanskriti svikar kar pashchimi goth kaitholik eesaee ho ge.
thiyodorik mahan
poorvi gothoan ne attila hoon ke marate hi phir apani ajadi kayam ki. paanchavian sadi ke aant mean poorvi gothoan ke itihas mean prasiddh inaka mahanh raja thiyodorik hua. thiyodorik mahanh bhi pashchimi gothoan ki hi bhaanti pashchimi samrajy ka kabhi mitr bana, kabhi shatru bana. roman samrajy ke prati usaki rajaniti chahe jaisi bhi rahi ho, vah aant tak apani jati ka rashtriy vir aur raja bana raha. 493 ee. tak poorvi gothoan ki satta itali, sisili, dalameshiya adi par poornat: sthapit ho gee. is kal tak phir ek bar thiyodorik ki kanya ka pashchimi gothoan ke raja alarik dvitiy se vivah hone ke pashchath poorvi gothoan ke raja alarik dvitiy se vivah hone ke pashchath poorvi aur pashchimi gothoan mean mitrabhav sthapit hua aur agali pidhi mean to jaise donoan rajy sanyukt ho ge. is kal tak poorvi gothoan ka samrajy atyant vistrit ho gaya tha.[1]
thiyodorik ka shasan barbar n hokar sabhy tha, jisane gothoan ke netritv ke sath roman samrajy ki prabhuta pashchim mean bhogi. poorvi aur pashchimi gothoan ke riti rasm, achar vyavahar, ek-doosare se bhinn the, par donoan aangoan mean pratyek ke anukool vidhi vyavahar adi ki disha mean acharan karata tha. thiyodorik ki mrityu (526) ke bad poorvi aur pashchimi goth phir prithakh ho ge. amalarik pashchimi gothoan par raj karane laga aur athalarik poorvi gothoan par. shighr hi poorvi gothoan ki satta mit gee.
pashchimi gothoan ki shakti ka utkarsh
pashchimi gothoan ka rajy spen mean dirghakal tak bana raha aur roman samrajy ko nasht karane mean dhire-dhire saphal hota raha. lyovigild (568-586) ka shasan kal pashchimi gothoan ki shakti ka vishesh utkarsh ka tha. usane apane rajy ki simaean paryapt badha li thian aur goth samantoan ki shakti apane netritv mean sangathit kar li. agali pidhi mean gothoan ke raja ne apani jati ki adhikatar sankhya ke sath kaitholik eesaee dharm svikar kar liya, jisase yah jati adhikatar roman prabhav mean sarvash: a gee. 711 mean arab ke musalamanoan ki chot se pashchimi gothoan ke rajy ka sada ke liye lop ho gaya.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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