चन्द्रधर शर्मा गुलेरी
chandradhar sharma guleri
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| poora nam | chandradhar sharma 'guleri' |
| janm | 7 julaee, 1883 |
| janm bhoomi | guler gaanv, kaang da, himachal pradesh |
| mrityu | 12 sitambar 1922 |
| mrityu sthan | kashi, uttar pradesh |
| abhibhavak | pandit shivaram shastri aur lakshmidevi |
| karm bhoomi | jayapur (rajasthan) |
| karm-kshetr | yashasvi kathakar |
| mukhy rachanaean | usane kaha tha, buddhoo ka kaanta, d jayapur aaubzaravetari end its bildars adi. |
| bhasha | sanskrit, hindi, aangrezi, pali, prakrit, marathi, bangala, laitin, fraianch, jarman adi bhashaoan ka jnan tha. |
| shiksha | bi.e. |
| puraskar-upadhi | nagari pracharini sabha ke sabhapati, anek pratishthit puraskar evan samman se sammanit |
| prasiddhi | unhean amar kahani ‘usane kaha tha’ ke rachanakar ke roop mean adhik jana jata hai. |
| vishesh yogadan | masik patr ‘samalochak’ ke sampadan |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
chandradhar sharma guleri (aangrezi: Chandradhar Sharma 'Guleri, janm: 7 julaee, 1883; mrityu: 12 sitambar, 1922) hindi sahity ke prakhyat sahityakar the. bis varsh ki umr ke pahale hi unhean jayapur ki vedhashala ke jirnoddhar tatha usase sambandhit shodhakary ke lie gathit mandal mean chun liya gaya tha aur kaiptan gairet ke sath milakar unhoanne "d jayapur aaubzaravetari end its bildars" shirshak se aangrezi granth ki rachana ki.
jivan parichay
moolatah himachal pradesh ke guler namak gaanv ke vasi jyotirvid mahamahopadhyay pandit shivaram shastri rajasamman pakar jayapur (rajasthan) mean bas ge the. unaki tisari patni lakshmidevi ne sanh 1883 mean chandradhar ko janm diya. ghar mean balak ko sanskrit bhasha, ved, puran adi ke adhyayan, pooja-path, sandhya-vandan tatha dharmik karmakand ka vatavaran mila aur medhavi chandradhar ne in sabhi sanskaroan aur vidyaoan atmasath kiya. jab guleri ji das varsh ke hi the ki inhoanne ek bar sanskrit mean bhashan dekar bharat dharm mahamandal ke vidvanoan ko ashcharyachakit kar diya tha. pandit kirtidhar sharma guleri ka yahaan tak kahana tha ki ve paanch varsh mean aangrezi ka tailigram achchhi tarah padh lete the. chandradhar ne sabhi parikshaean pratham shreni se uttirn ki. chandradhar bi.e. ki pariksha mean sarvapratham rahe. sanh 1904 ee. mean guleri ji meyo k aaulej, ajamer mean adhyapak ke roop mean kary karane lage. chandradhar ka adhyapak ke roop mean unaka b da man-samman tha. apane shishyoan mean chandradhar lokapriy to the hi, isake sath anushasan aur niyamoan ka ve sakhti se anupalan karate the. unaki asadharan yogyata se prabhavit hokar pandit madanamohan malaviy ne unhean banaras bula bheja aur hindoo vishvavidyalay mean prophesar ka pad dilaya.[1] age chalakar unhoanne aangrezi shiksha bhi prapt ki aur pratham shreni mean uttirn hote rahe. kalakatta vishvavidyalay se eph. e. (pratham shreni mean dvitiy) aur prayag vishvavidyalay se bi. e. (pratham shreni mean pratham) karane ke bad chahate hue bhi ve age ki padhaee paristhitivash jari n rakh pae, halaanki unake svadhyay aur lekhan ka kram abadh roop se chalata raha. bis varsh ki umr ke pahale hi unhean jayapur ki vedhashala ke jirnoddhar tatha usase sambandhit shodhakary ke lie gathit mandal mean chun liya gaya tha aur kaiptan gairet ke sath milakar unhoanne "d jayapur aaubzaravetari end its bildars" shirshak aangrezi granth ki rachana ki.
apane adhyayan kal mean hi unhoanne sanh 1900 mean jayapur mean nagari manch ki sthapana mean yog diya aur sanh 1902 se masik patr ‘samalochak’ ke sampadan ka bhar bhi sanbhala. prasangavash kuchh varsh kashi ki nagari pracharini sabha ke sampadak mandal mean bhi unhean sammilit kiya gaya. unhoanne devi prasad aitihasik pustakamala aur soory kumari pustakamala ka sampadan kiya aur nagari pracharini pustakamala aur soory kumari pustakamala ka sampadan kiya aur nagari pracharini sabha ke sabhapati bhi rahe.
jayapur ke rajapandit ke kul mean janm lene vale guleri ji ka rajavanshoan se ghanishth sambandh raha. ve pahale khet di naresh jayasianh ke aur phir jayapur rajy ke samant-putroan ke ajamer ke meyo k aaulej mean adhyayan ke dauran unake abhibhavak rahe. sanh 1916 mean unhoanne meyo k aaulej mean hi sanskrit vibhag ke adhyaksh ka pad sanbhala. sanh 1920 mean pan. madan mohan malaviy ke prabandh agrah ke karan unhoanne banaras akar kashi hindoo vishvavidyalay ke prachyavidya vibhag ke prachary aur phir 1922 mean prachin itihas aur dharm se sambaddh manindr chandr nandi pith ke prophesar ka karyabhar bhi grahan kiya. is bich parivar mean anek dukhad ghatanaoan ke aghat bhi unhean jhelane p de. sanh 1922 mean 12 sitambar ko piliya ke bad tez bukhar se matr 39 varsh ki ayu mean unaka dehavasan ho gaya.
is tho di-si ayu mean hi guleri ji ne adhyayan aur svadhyay ke dvara hindi aur aangrezi ke atirikt sanskrit, prakrit, baangla, marathi adi ka hi nahian jarman tatha phreanch bhashaoan ka jnan bhi hasil kiya tha. unaki ruchi ka kshetr bhi bahut vistrit tha aur dharm, jyotish, itihas, puratattv, darshan bhasha vijnan shikshashastr aur sahity se lekar sangit, chitrakala, lokakala, vijnan aur rajaniti tatha samasamayik samajik sthiti tatha riti-niti tak phaila hua tha. unaki abhiruchi aur soch ko gadhane mean spasht hi is vistrit patabhoomi ka pramukh hath tha aur isaka parichay unake lekhan ki vishayavastu aur unake drishtikon mean barabar milata rahata hai. pan. chandradhar sharma guleri ke sath ek bahut b di vidambana yah hai ki unake adhyayan, jnan aur ruchi ka kshetr halaanki behad vistrit tha aur unaki pratibha ka prasar bhi anek kritiyoan, kritiroopoan aur vidhaoan mean hua tha, kintu am hindi pathak hi nahian, vidvanoan ka ek b da varg bhi unhean amar kahani ‘usane kaha tha’ ke rachanakar ke roop mean hi pahachanata hai. is kahani ki prakhar chauandh ne unake baki vaividhy bhare sashakt kriti sansar ko mano gras liya hai. unake prabal prashansak aur prakhar alochak bhi amooman isi kahani ko lekar ulajhate rahe haian. prachin sahity, sanskriti, hindi bhasha samakalin samaj, rajaniti adi vishayoan se ju di inaki vidvata ka zikr yada-kada hota rahata hai, par ‘kachhua dharam’ aur ‘maresi mohi kuthaooan’ jaise ek do nibandhoan aur purani hindi jaisi lekhamala ke ullekh ko chho dakar us vidvata ki banagi am pathak tak shayad hi pahuanchi ho. vyapak hindi samaj unaki prakand vidvata aur sarjanatmak pratibha se lagabhag anajan hai.
karyakshetr
apane adhyayan kal mean hi unhoanne sanh 1900 mean jayapur mean nagari manch ki sthapana mean yogadan diya aur sanh 1902 se masik patr ‘samalochak’ ke sampadan ka bhar bhi sanbhala. prasangavash kuchh varsh kashi ki nagari pracharini sabha ke sampadak mandal mean bhi unhean sammilit kiya gaya. unhoanne devi prasad aitihasik pustakamala aur soory kumari pustakamala ka sampadan kiya aur nagari pracharini pustakamala aur soory kumari pustakamala ka sampadan kiya aur nagari pracharini sabha ke sabhapati bhi rahe. jayapur ke rajapandit ke kul mean janm lene vale guleri ji ka rajavanshoan se ghanishth sambandh raha. ve pahale khet di naresh jayasianh ke aur phir jayapur rajy ke samant-putroan ke ajamer ke meyo k aaulej mean adhyayan ke dauran unake abhibhavak rahe. sanh 1916 mean unhoanne meyo k aaulej mean hi sanskrit vibhag ke adhyaksh ka pad sanbhala. sanh 1920 mean pan. madan mohan malaviy ke prabandh agrah ke karan unhoanne banaras akar kashi hindoo vishvavidyalay ke prachyavidya vibhag ke prachary aur phir 1922 mean prachin itihas aur dharm se sambaddh manindr chandr nandi pith ke prophesar ka karyabhar bhi grahan kiya. is bich parivar mean anek dukhad ghatanaoan ke aghat bhi unhean jhelane p de.
akadamik, shodhaparak lekhan
apane 39 varsh ke sankshipt jivanakal mean guleri ji ne kisi svatantr granth ki rachana to nahian ki kintu phutakar roop mean bahut likha, anaginat vishayoan par likha aur anek vidhaoan ki visheshataoan aur roopoan ko sametate-samanjit karate hue likha. unake lekhan ka ek b da hissa jahaan vishuddh akadamik athava shodhaparak hai, unaki shastrajnata tatha pandity ka parichayak hai; vahian, usase bhi b da hissa unake khule dimag, manavatavadi drishti aur samakalin samaj, dharm rajaniti adi se gahan sarokar ka parichay deta hai. lok se yah sarokar unaki ‘purani hindi’ jaisi akadamik aur ‘maharshi chyavan ka ramayan’ jaisi shodhaparak rachanaoan tak mean dikhaee deta hai. in batoan ke atirikt guleri ji ke vicharoan ki adhunikata bhi hamase aj unake puravishkar ki maang karati hai. matr 39 varsh ki jivan-avadhi ko dekhate hue guleri ji ke lekhan ka pariman aur unaki vishay-vastu tatha vidhaoan ka vaividhy sachamuch vismayakar hai. unaki rachanaoan mean kahaniyaan kathaean, akhyan, lalit nibandh, gambhir vishayoan par vivechanatmak nibandh, shodhapatr, samikshaean, sampadakiy tippaniyaan, patr vidha mean likhi tippaniyaan, samakalin sahity, samaj, rajaniti, dharm, vijnan, kala adi par lekh tatha vaktavy, vaidik/pauranik sahity, puratattv, bhasha adi par prabandh, lekh tatha tippaniyaan-sabhi shamil haian.
rachanaean
nibandhakar ke roop mean bhi chandradhar ji bade prasiddh rahe haian. inhoanne sau se adhik nibandh likhe haian. sanh 1903 ee. mean jayapur se jain vaidy ke madhyam se samalochak patr prakashit hona shuroo hua tha jisake ve sanpadak rahe. inhoanne poore manoyog se samalochak mean apane nibandh aur tippaniyaan dekar jivant banae rakha. chandradhar ke nibandh vishay adhikatar - itihas, darshan, dharm, manovijnan aur puratattv sanbandhi hi haian.
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bhasha visheshajn
pratibha ke dhani chandradhar sharma guleri ne apane abhyas se sanskrit, hindi, aangrezi, pali, prakrit aur apabhransh bhashaoan par asadharan adhikar prapt kiya. unhean marathi, bangala, laitin, fraianch, jarman adi bhashaoan ki bhi achchhi janakari thi. unake adhyayan ka kshetr bahut vistrit tha. sahity, darshan, bhasha vijnan, prachin bharatiy itihas aur puratattv jyotish sabhi vishayoan ke ve vidvanh the. inamean se koee vishay aisa nahian tha, jis par guleri ji ne sadhikar likha n ho. ve apani rachanaoan mean sthal-sthal par ved, upanishad, sootr, puran, ramayan, mahabharat ke sandarbhoan ka sanket diya karate the. isilie in granthoan se parichit pathak hi unaki rachanaoan ko bhali-bhaanti samajh sakata tha. granth rachana ki apeksha sphut ke roop mean hi unhoanne adhik sahity srijan kiya.[2]
shodhaparak lekhan
apane 39 varsh ke sankshipt jivanakal mean guleri ji ne kisi svatantr granth ki rachana to nahian ki kintu phutakar roop mean bahut likha, anaginat vishayoan par likha aur anek vidhaoan ki visheshataoan aur roopoan ko sametate-samanjit karate hue likha. unake lekhan ka ek b da hissa jahaan vishuddh akadamik athava shodhaparak hai, unaki shastrajnata tatha pandity ka parichayak hai; vahian, usase bhi b da hissa unake khule dimag, manavatavadi drishti aur samakalin samaj, dharm rajaniti adi se gahan sarokar ka parichay deta hai. lok se yah sarokar unaki ‘purani hindi’ jaisi akadamik aur ‘maharshi chyavan ka ramayan’ jaisi shodhaparak rachanaoan tak mean dikhaee deta hai. in batoan ke atirikt guleri ji ke vicharoan ki adhunikata bhi hamase aj unake puravishkar ki maang karati hai. matr 39 varsh ki jivan-avadhi ko dekhate hue guleri ji ke lekhan ka pariman aur unaki vishay-vastu tatha vidhaoan ka vaividhy sachamuch vismayakar hai. unaki rachanaoan mean kahaniyaan kathaean, akhyan, lalit nibandh, gambhir vishayoan par vivechanatmak nibandh, shodhapatr, samikshaean, sampadakiy tippaniyaan, patr vidha mean likhi tippaniyaan, samakalin sahity, samaj, rajaniti, dharm, vijnan, kala adi par lekh tatha vaktavy, vaidik/pauranik sahity, puratattv, bhasha adi par prabandh, lekh tatha tippaniyaan-sabhi shamil haian.
vishay-vastu ki vyapakata
vishay-vastu ki vyapakata ki drishti se guleri ji ka lekhan dharm puratattv, itihas aur bhashashastr jaise gambhir vishayoan se lekar kashi ki niand jaise halake-phulake vishayoan tak ko saman bhav se sametata hai. vishayoan ka itana vaividhy lekhak ke adhyayan, abhiruchi aur jnan ke vistar ki gavahi deta hai, to har vishay par itani gaharaee se samakalin pariprekshy mean vichar apane samay aur ne vicharoan ke prati usaki sajagata ko rekhaankit karata hai. raj jyotishi ke parivar mean janme, hindoo dharm ke tamam karmakandoan mean vidhivath dikshit, tripundadhari nishthavan brahman ki chhavi se yah roodhibhanjak yatharth shayad mel nahian khata, magar us samajik-rajanitik-sahityik uttejana ke kal mean unaka pratigami roodhiyoan ke khilaf avaz uthana svabhavik hi tha. yah yad rakhana zaroori hai ki ve roodhiyoan ke virodh ke nam par keval aankh mooandakar talavar nahian bhaanjate. khandan ke sath hi ve uchit aur upayukt ka mandan bhi karate haian. kintu dharm, samaj, rajaniti aur sahity mean unhean jahaan kahian bhi pakhand ya anauchity nazar ata hai, us par ve jamakar prahar karate haian. is kram mean unaki vaicharik paradarshita, gaharaee aur dooradarshita isi bat se siddh hai ki unake uthae hue adhikatar mudde aur unaki alochana aj bhi prasangik haian. unake lekhan ki rochakata usaki prasangikata ke atirikt usaki prastuti ki anokhi bhangima mean bhi nihit hai. us yug ke kee any nibandhakaroan ki tarah guleri ji ke lekhan mean bhi masti tatha vinod bhav ek antardhara lagatar pravahit hoti rahati hai. dharmasiddhant, adhyatm adi jaise kuchh ek gambhir vishayoan ko chho dakar lagabhag har vishay ke lekhan mean yah vinod bhav prasangoan ke chunav mean bhasha ke muhavaroan mean uddharanoan aur uktiyoan mean barabar jhankrit rahata hai. jahaan alochana kuchh adhik bhedak hoti hai, vahaan yah vinod vyangy mean badal jata hai-jaise shiksha, samajik, roodhiyoan tatha rajaniti sambandhi lekhoan mean isase guleri ji ki rachanaean kabhi gudagudakar, kabhi jhakajhorakar pathak ki ruchi ko baandhe rahati haian.
‘kheloge koodoge hoge kharab’ ki manyata vale yug mean guleri ji khel ko shiksha ka sashakt madhyam manate the. bal-vivah ke virodh aur stri-shiksha ke samarthan ke sath hi aj se sau sal pahale unhoanne balak-balikaoan ke svasth charitrik vikas ke lie sahashiksha ko avashyak mana tha. ye sab aj ham shahari janoan ko itihas ke rochak prasang lag sakate haian kintu poore desh ke sandarbh mean, yahaan phaile ashiksha aur andhavishvas ke mahaul mean guleri ji ki batean aj bhi sangat aur vicharaniy haian. bharatavasiyoan ki kamazoriyaan ka ve lagatar zikr karate rahate haian-visheshakar samajik rajanitik sandarbhoan mean. hamare adhahpatan ka ek karan apasi phoot hai-
‘‘yah mahadvip ek doosare ko katane ko dau dati huee billiyoan ka pitara hai’’ (dinamineshan k aaulej : 1904)
jati-vyavastha bhi hamari bahut b di kamazori hai. guleri ji sabase man ki sankirnata tyagakar us bhavy karmakshetr mean ane ka ahvan karate haian jahaan samajik jati bhed nahian, manasik jati bhed nahian aur jahaan jati bhed hai to kary vyavastha ke hit (varn vishayak katipay vichar : 1920).
chhuachhoot ko ve sanatan dharm ke viruddh manate haian. arthahin karmakandoan aur jyotish se ju de andhavishvasoan ka ve jagah-jagah zoradar khandan karate haian. keval shastramoolak dharm ko ve bahyadharm manate haian aur dharm ko karmakand se n jo dakar itihas aur samajashastr se jo date haian. dharm ka arth unake lie
‘‘sarvajanik pritibhav hai’’ ‘‘jo sampradayik eershya-dvesh ko bura manata hai’’ (shri bharatavarsh mahamandal rahasy : 1906). unake anusar udarata sauhard aur manavatavad hi dharm ke pranatattv hote haian aur is tathy ki pahachan behad zaroori hai-‘‘ajakal vah udar dharm chahie jo hindoo, sikkh, jain, parasi, musalaman, kristan sabako ek bhav se chalavai aur inamean biradari ka bhav paida kare, kintu sankirn dharmashiksha...(adi) hamari bich ki khaee ko aur bhi chau di banaeange.’’ (dinamineshanal k aaulej : 1904). dharm ko guleri ji barabar karmakand nahian balki achar-vichar, lok-kalyan aur jan-seva se jo date rahe.
khyati
chandradhar sharma guleri ki hindi sahity mean sabase adhik khyati 1915 mean ‘sarasvati’ masik mean prakashit kahani ‘usane kaha tha’ ke karan huee. yah kahani shilp aur vishay-vastu ki drishti se aj bhi ‘mil ka patthar’ mani jati hai.[2]
mrityu
chandradhar sharma guleri ki mrityu 12 sitambar 1922 ee. mean kashi mean huee.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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