चीता
chita
| |
| jagat | jantu |
| sangh | kasheruki |
| varg | stanapayi |
| gan | maansahari |
| kul | phॅ़lidi |
| jati | e. jubaitas |
| dvipad nam | ऍsin aauniks jubaitas |
| vansh | ऍsin aauniks |
| any janakari | chite ki rik aaurd raphtar adhikatam ek minat ke lie rah sakati hai. yah apani poori gati se sirph 450 mitar door tak hi dau d sakata hai. |
chita (aangrezi: Cheetah, vaijnanik nam- esinoniks jubetas) billi ke kul (vidal) mean ane vala vanyajiv hai, jo apani adabhut phoorti aur raphtar ke lie pahachana jata hai. yah esinoniks prajati ke aantargat rahane vala ekamatr jivit sadasy hai, jo apane panjoan ki banavat ke roopaantaran ke karan pahachana jata hai. isi karan yah ikalauta vidalavanshi hai, jisake panje band nahian hote haian aur jisaki vajah se isaki pak d kamazor rahati hai. bharat ki azadi se pahale tak desh mean chitoan ki b di sankhya thi, kiantu atyadhik shikar ke karan yah bharat se poori tarah samapt ho gaye.
chitoan ki vilupti ka mukhhy karan usaka shikar hona mana jata hai. isake alava chitoan ko palatoo banakar rakha jata tha. apani tej gati aur bagh v sher ki tulana mean kam hiansak hone ki vajah se isako palana asan tha. us samay raja aur jamiandar shikar ke samay chitoan ka ishtemal karake doosare janavaroan ko pak date the. inhhean pianjaro mean rakhane ki bajay, janjir mean baandhakar rakha jata tha. isake bad british sarakar ke samay mean chite ko hiansak janavar ghoshit kar diya gaya aur isako marane valoan ko puraskar diya jane laga. 20vian shatabdi mean bharatiy chitoan ki abadi mean bahut teji se giravat a gee. kaha jata hai ki 1947 mean chitoan ko akhiri bar dekha gaya tha. us samay chhattisagadh ki ek chhoti riyasat koriya ke raja ramanuj pratap sianh dev ne desh ke akhiri tin chitoan ka shikar kar unhean mar diya. isake bad se chite kabhi najar nahian ae. 1952 mean bharat sarakar ne adhikarik roop se chitoan ko bharat mean vilupt ghoshit kar diya.[1]
sharirik banavat
san 1973 mean havard mean huee ek risarch ke mutabik amataur par chite ke sharir ka tapaman 38 digri selsiyas hota hai, lekin raphtar pak date hi usake sharir ka tapaman 40.5 digri selsiyas ho jata hai. chite ka dimag is garmi ko nahian jhel pata aur vo achanak se dau dana band kar deta hai. tej raphtar se dau dane ke lie chite ki maansapeshiyoan ko bahut jyada aauksijan ki jaroorat hoti hai. is aauksijan ki saplaee ko barakarar rakhane ke lie chite ke nathunoan ke sath shvas nali bhi moti hoti hai, taki vah kam bar saans lekar bhi jyada aauksijan sharir mean pahuancha sake.
chite ki aankh sidhi disha mean hoti hai. isaki vajah se vah kee mil door tak asani se dekh sakata hai. isase chite ko aandaja ho jata hai ki usaka shikar kitani doori par hai. isaki aankhoan mean imej stebilaijeshan sistam hota hai. isaki vajah se vah tej raphtar mean dau date vakt bhi apane shikar par phokas banae rakhata hai. chite ke panje ghumavadar aur grip vale hote haian. dau date vakt chita panje ki madad se jamin par grip banata hai aur age ki or asani se janp kar pata hai. itana hi nahian apane panje ki vajah se hi vo shikar ko kasakar jak de rakh pata hai. chite ki pooanchh 31 ianch yani 80 seantimitar tak lanbi hoti hai. yah chite ke lie radar ka kam karati hai. achanak mu dane par santulan banane ke kam ati hai.
chite ka dil sher ke mukabale sadhe tin guna b da hota hai. yahi vajah hai ki dau date vakt ise bharapoor aauksijan milati hai. yah teji se poore sharir mean rakt ko panp karata hai aur isaki maansapeshiyoan tak aauksijan pahuanchata hai. chita apane shikar ka pichha aksar 200-230 phit yani 60-70 mitar ke dayare mean hi karata hai. ek minat tak hi vah apane shikar ka pichha karata hai. agar is dauran vo use nahian mar pata to usaka pichha karana chho d deta hai. vo apane panje ka istemal kar shikar ki pooanchh pak dakar latak jata hai ya to panje ke jarie shikar ki hadihdaya to d deta hai. apane shikar ko pak dane ke bad chita takariban paanch minat tak usaki gardan ko katata hai taki vo mar jae. halaanki chhote shikar pahali bar mean hi mar jate haian.
prakritik vas
bhaugolik drashti se aphrika aur dakshin pashchim eshiya mean chitoan ki aisi abadi maujood hai jo alag-thalag rahati hai. inaki ek chhoti abadi (lagabhag pachas ke asapas) eeran ke khurasan pradesh mean bhi rahati hai. chitoan ke sanrakshan ka karyabhar dekh raha samooh inhean bachane ke prayas mean poori tatparata se juta hua hai. sambhav hai ki inaki kuchh sankhya bharat mean bhi maujood ho, lekin is bare mean vishvas ke sath kuchh nahian kaha ja sakata. apusht riportoan ke anusar pakistan ke bloochistan rajy mean bhi kuchh eshiyaee mool ke chite maujood haian, hal hi mean is kshetr se ek mrit chita paya gaya tha. chitoan ki nasl un kshetroan mean adhik panapati hai, jahaan maidani ilaqa kaphi b da hota hai aur isamean shikar ki sankhya bhi adhik hoti hai. chita khule maidanoan aur ardhamaroobhoomi, ghas ka b da maidan aur moti jha diyoan ke bich mean rahana jyada pasand karata hai, halaanki alag-alag kshetroan mean inake rahane ka sthan alag-alag hota hai. misal ke taur par namibiya mean ye ghasabhoomi, savana ke jangaloan, ghas ke b de maidanoan aur paha di bhoobhag mean rahate haian. jis tarah aj chhote janavaroan ke shikar mean shikari kuttoan ka upayog kiya jata hai, usi tarah abhijat varg ke us samay hiran ya chikara ke shikar mean chite ka upayog kiya karate the.
anuvaanshiki aur vargikaran
chite ki prajatiyoan ko grik shabd mean 'esinoniks' kahate haian, jisaka arth hota hai- 'n ghoomane vala panja', vahian latin mean isaki jati ko 'jubetas' kahate haian, jisaka matalab hota hai- 'ayal', jo shayad shavakoan ki gardan mean paye jane vale baloan ki vajah se p da ho. chita shayad eshiya pravas se pahale afrika mean mayosin (2.6 karo d-75 lakh varsh pahale) kal mean vikasit hua. hal hi mean v aauren j aaunasan aur stiphan aubren ki aguvaee mean ek dal ne jinomik daivarasiti ki prayogashala ke neshanal kaiansar ianstityoot mean ek naya anusandhan kiya hai aur eshiya mean rahane vale 1.1 karo d varsh ke roop mean sabhi maujooda prajatiyoan ke pichhale am poorvajoan ko rakha hai jo sanshodhan aur chita vikas ke bare mean maujooda vicharoan ke shodhan ke lie netritv kar sakate haian. lupt prajatiyoan mean ab shamil haian- esinoniks paradinenasis, jo adhunik chita se bhi kaphi b da hota tha aur yoorop, bharat aur chin mean paya jata tha. vilupt jinas mirasinoniks bilakul chita jaisa hi dikhane vala prani tha, lekin hal hi mean diene vishleshan ne pramanit kiya hai ki mirasinoniks ineksapekatetas, mirasinoniks studeri aur mirasinoniks trumani, (plistosen kal ke aant ke praranbh) uttar amerika mean pae ge the aur jise uttar ameriki chita kaha jata tha; lekin ve vastavik chita nahian the, balki ve kaugar ke nikat jati ke the.
visheshataean
- chita 120 kilomitar ki raphtar se dau d sakata hai.[2]
- yah har sekeand mean char chhalaang lagata hai. chite ki adhikatam raphtar 120 ki.mi. prati ghante ki ho sakati hai.
- sabase tej raphtar ke dauran chita 23 phit yani karib sat mitar lanbi chhalaang laga sakata hai.
- chite ki rik aaurd raphtar adhikatam ek minat ke lie rah sakati hai. yah apani poori gati se sirph 450 mitar door tak hi dau d sakata hai.
- chite ka sir bagh, sher, teandue aur jaguar ki tulana mean kaphi chhota hota hai. isase tej raphtar ke dauran usake sir se takarane vali hava ka pratirodh kaphi kam ho jata hai.
- isaki khop di patali haddiyoan se bani hota hai. isase usake sir ka vajan bhi kam ho jata hai.
- hava ke rejisteans ko kam karane ke lie chite ke kan bahut chhote hote haian.
itihas
12vian sadi ke sanskrit dastavej 'manasolasa' mean sabase pahale chitoan ka jikr hai. ise san 1127 se 1138 ke bich shasan karane vale kalyani ke chaluky shasak someshvara tritiy ne taiyar karavaya tha. kaha jata hai ki chita shabd sanskrit ke 'chitrak' shabd se aya hai, jisaka arth 'chittidar' hota hai. b aaumbe nechural histri sosaiti (bieneches) ke poorv upadhyaksh divy bhanu sianh ne chitoan ko lekar ek kitab likhi thi. isaka nam 'd eand aauph e trel-d chita in iandiya' hai. isamean unhoanne bataya ki alag-alag rajaoan ke shasanakal mean chitoan ki maujoodagi dekhi gee. kaha jata hai ki 1556 se 1605 ee. tak shasan karane vale mugal badashah akabar ke samay desh mean 10 hajar se jyada chite the. akabar ke pas bhi kee chite rahate the. jinaka istemal vah shikar ke lie karata tha. kee riports mean to yahaan tak dava kiya jata hai ki akele akabar ke pas hi hajar se jyada chite the.[2]
akabar ke bete jahaangir ne pala ke paragana mean chitoan ki madad se 400 se adhik hiranoan ka shikar kiya tha. akabar hi nahian, mugal kal aur bad ke bhi tamam rajaoan ne shikar ke lie chitoan ka sahara lena shuroo kar diya. chooanki shikar ke lie raja chitoan ko kaid karane lage. ek tarah se kutte-billi, gay aur any palatoo janavaroan ki tarah chitoan ko raja palate the. isake chalate inake prajanan dar mean giravat aee aur abadi ghatati chali gee. bisavian shatabdi ki shuruat tak bharatiy chitoan ki abadi girakar saiank doan mean rah gee aur rajakumaroan ne aphriki janavaroan ko ayat karana shuroo kar diya. san 1918 se 1945 ke bich lagabhag 200 chite ayat kie ge the. british shasan ke dauran chitoan ka hi shikar hone laga.
san 1608 mean orachha ke maharaja raja virasianh dev ke pas saphed chite the. in chitoan ke sharir par kale ki bajay nile dhabbe hua karate the. isaka jikr bhi jahaangir ne apani kitab 'tujuk-e-jahaangiri' mean kiya hai. is tarah ka ye ikalauta chita bataya jata tha. isake bad dhire-dhire chitoan ka bhi shikar shuroo ho gaya. jo bache the, unhean bhi rajaoan aur aangrejoan ke shauk ne mar dala. aangrejoan ke samay chitoan ka shikar karane par inam milata tha. chitoan ke shavakoan ko marane par chhah rupaye aur vayask chitoan ko marane par 12 rupaye ka inam diya jata tha.
aantim tin chitoan ka shikar
ye mamala 1947-1948 ka hai. bataya jata hai ki tab desh ke akhiri tin chitoan ka shikar hua tha. madhy pradesh ke koriya riyasat (ab chhattisagadh mean) ke maharaja ramanuj pratap sianh dev ne ye shikar kiya tha. kaha jata hai ki us dauran gaanv ke logoan ne raja se shikayat ki ki koee jangali janavar unake maveshiyoan ka shikar kar raha hai. tab raja jangal mean ge aur unhoanne tin chitoan ko mar giraya. yahi tinoan chite desh ke akhiri chite batae jate haian. us din ke bad se bharat mean kabhi bhi chite nahian dikhe. koriya ke pas hi ek aur riyasat thi. isaka nam tha aanbikarapur. kaha jata hai ki isake raja ramanuj sharan sianh dev ne bhi karib 1200 se jyada sheroan ka shikar kiya tha. sal 1952 mean bharat sarakar ne adhikarik roop se desh se chitoan ke vilupt hone ki ghoshana ki thi.[2]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ kaise bharat ki dharati se ho gaya tha chitoan ka saphaya (hiandi) zeebiz.com. abhigaman tithi: 18 sitanbar, 2021.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 akabar ke samay the 10 hajar chite, is raja ne kiya akhiri tin chitoan ka shikar (hiandi) amarujala.com. abhigaman tithi: 18 sitanbar, 2021.
sanbandhit lekh
- REDIRECT saancha:jiv jantu