जनपद

vaidik yug mean jan ki satta pradhan thi. ek hi poorvaj ki vansh paranpara mean utpann kul logoan ka samuday jan kahalata tha. shanai: shanai: jan ka aniyat vas samapt hone laga tha aur jan ek-ek sthan mean baddhamool ho ge the. aise pradesh ya sthan janapad kahalae.

panini ne anek janapadoan ka ullekh kiya hai. bhaugolik drishti se unake nam aur pahachan alag-alag thian, kiantu janapad bhaugolik ikaee matr n thi. usaka samajik, saanskritik aur rajanaitik svaroop adhik mahatvapoorn tha. lagabhag ek sahastr eesvi poorv se lekar panini ke samay tak ka kal janapadoan ke vikas aur abhyuday ka yug tha. isilie bharatiy itihas mean yah ‘mahajanapad yug’ kaha jata hai.

panini ne apane samay mean jin sansthaoan ka varnan kiya, unamean janapad, charan aur gotr- in tinoan ka bahut mahatv tha. samajik jivan mean gotr, shiksha ke kshetr mean charan aur rajanitik jivan mean janapad, in tinoan sansthaoan ki bahumukhi pravrittiyaan thian aur vyakti ke jivan ka aansh ek ghanishth sanbandh tha. in tinoan sansthaoan ke vishay mean 'ashtadhyayi' mean paryapt vivaran milate haian. vaidik sanstha mean aur shakha granthoan mean janapad shabd ka ullekh nahian milata. 'shatapath brahman' aur 'aitarey brahman' ke aantim adhyay mean ek-ek bar yah shabd ata hai; kiantu grihyasootr, panini aur mahabharat mean janapad sanstha ka poorn vikas ho gaya tha.

rajadhin aur ganadhin do prakar ke janapad the. ek janapad ke nivasi ek hi bhasha ya boli bolate the. unamean parasparik bhatri bhav ka sanbandh evan saman devataoan ki manyata thi. ek janapad ke log paraspar sajanapad kahe jate the. pratyek vyakti ka ek abhidhan usake janapad ke anusar hi p data tha, jaise- aang janapad ka nivasi aangak kahalata tha.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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