जनरल डायर

thumb|250px|janaral dayar janaral dayar, british bharatiy sarakar ka ek senadhikari tha. vah aprail 1919 ee. mean amritasar panjab mean tainat tha.

raulat ekt

is varsh ke arambh mean raulat ekt namak atyant damanakari qanoon banaya gaya. kendriy vidhan parishad ke gair-sarakari (nirvachit) sadasyoan ke virodh ke bavajood yah qanoon pas kiya gaya tha. bharatiy janamat ki is prakar ki ghor upeksha kiye jane se samast bharat mean rosh utpann ho gaya aur dilli, gujarat, panjab adi prantoan mean jagah-jagah par is qanoon ke virodh mean pradarshan hue. 10 aprail ko amritasar mean jo pradarshan hua, vah adhik ugr ho gaya aur usamean char yooropiyan mare ge. ek yooropiy eesaee sadhvi ko pita gaya aur kuchh baiankoan aur sarakari bhavanoan mean ag laga di gee.

sarakar ka nirnay

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panjab sarakar ne turant badale ki karravaee karane ka nishchay kiya aur ek ghoshana prakashit kar amritasar mean sabhaoan adi par pratibandh laga diya tatha nagar ka prashasan janaral dayar ke netritv mean sena ke supurd kar diya. ukt pratibandh ko to dakar jaliyaanvala bag mean sabha ka ayojan kiya gaya. yah sthan tin taraf se ghira hua tha. keval ek hi taraf se ane aur jane ka rasta tha.

bhishan nar-sanhar

jaliyaanvala bag hatyakaand aj bhi british shasan ke janaral dayar ki kahani kahata nazar ata hai, jab usane saik doan nirdosh deshabhaktoan ko aandhadhuandh golibari kar mar dala tha. jaliyaanvala bag mean sabha ka samachar pate hi janaral dayar apane 90 sashastr sainikoan ke sath jaliyaanvala bag aya aur bag mean pravesh evan nikas ke ekamatr raste ko gher liya. usane ate hi bag mean nishshastr purushoan, striyoan aur bachchoan ko bina kisi chetavani ke goli marane ka adesh de diya. chikhate, atankit bhagate nihatthe bachchoan, mahilaoan, boodhoan ki bhi d par 10-15 minat mean 1650 goliyaan dag di gee. jinamean se kuchh log apani jan bachane ki koshish karane mean lage logoan ki bhagad d mean kuchal kar mar ge. sarakari riport ke anusar 379 vyakti mare ge tatha 1208 ghayal hue. hatahatoan ke upachar ki koee vyavastha nahian ki gee aur janaral dayar sainikoan ke sath sadar muqam par vapas a gaya, mano usane ek ooanche kartavy ka palan kiya ho. 13 aprail 1919 ki vah tarikh aj bhi vishv ke b de narasanharoan mean se ek ke roop mean darj hai. is ghatana ke bad mahatma gaandhi ne 1920-22 ke asahayog aandolan ki shuruat ki. us din vaishakhi ka tyohar tha.

dayar ke adesh

dayar kadachit kuchh yooropiyanoan ki hatya ke is pratishodh ka paryapt nahian samajhata tha. atev usane nagar mean marshal l aau lagoo kiya, janata ke viruddh kathor dandatmak karravaee tatha sarvajanik roop se ko de lagaye jane ki apamanajanak ajna di. yah adesh bhi diya ki jo bhi bharatiy us sthan se guzare, jahaan par yooropiy eesaee sadhvi ko pita gaya tha, vah us s dak par pet ke bal letata hua jae. dayar ki yah karravaee bharatiyoan ka daman karane ke lie nrishans shakti prayog ka nagn pradarshan thi. samast bharat mean isaka tivr virodh hua. ravindranath thakur ne ghrinapoorvak sar ki upadhi sarakar ko vapas kar di. lekin british bharatiy sarakar ne is sarvajanik rosh-pradarshan ki koee paravah nahian ki. itana hi nahian, panjab sarakar ne janaral dayar ki is behoodi karravaee par apani svikriti pradan ki aur use sena mean uchch pad dekar afaganistan bhej diya.

nianda

phir bhi ianglaiannd mean kuchh bhale aangrezoan ne janaral dayar ki karravaee ki nianda ki. eskith ne jaliyaanvala bag kaand ko apane itihas ke sabase jaghany krityoan mean se ek bataya. british janamat ke dabav se tatha bharatiyoan ki vyapak maang ko dekhate hue bharat sarakar ne aktoobar 1919 mean ek jaanch kameti niyukt ki, jisaka adhyaksh ek skatish jaj, l aaurd hantar ko banaya gaya. kameti ne jaanch ke pashchath apani riport mean janaral dayar ki karravaee ko anuchit bataya. bharat sarakar ne ukt riport ko manzoor karate hue janaral dayar ki nianda ki aur use istifa dene ke lie vivash kiya. lekin samrajy mad mean choor aangrezoan mean bahut se janaral dayar ke prashansak bhi the, jinhoanne chanda karake dhan ekatr kiya aur usase janaral dayar ko puraskrit kiya. yahaan par yah bhi ullekhaniy hai ki briten ki 'haus aauf lardas' ne janaral dayar ko british samrajy ka sher kahakar sambodhit kiya.

janaral dayar ka tark

janaral dayar ne apani karravaee ko sahi thaharane ke lie tark diye aur kaha ki ‘naitik aur dooragami prabhav’ ke lie yah zaroori tha. isalie unhoanne goli chalavaee. dayar ne svikar kar kaha ki agar aur karatoos hote, to fayariang zari rahati . nihatthe nar-nari, balak-vriddhoan par aangrezi sena tab tak goli chalati rahi jab tak ki unake pas goliyaan samapt nahian ho geean.

kaangres ki jaanch kameti ke anuman ke anusar ek hazar se adhik vyakti vahian mare ge the. saik doan vyakti zianda kuane mean kood gaye the. goliyaan bharatiy sipahiyoan se chalavaee gayian thian aur unake pichhe sanginean tanean gore sipaee kh de the. is hatyakaand ki sab jagah nianda huee .

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sanbandhit lekh

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