जहाँगीर

jahaangir / Jahangir

(shasan kal san 1605 se san 1627)
usaka janm san 1569 ke 30 agast ko sikari mean hua tha. apane aranbhik jivan mean vah sharabi aur avara shahajade ke roop mean badanam tha. usake pita samrat akabar ne usaki buri adatean chhu dane ki b di cheshta ki; kiantu use saphalata nahian mili. isilie samast sukhoan ke hote hue bhi vah apane big de hue bete ke karan jivanaparyant dukhi raha. aantat: akabar ki mrityu ke pashchat jahaangir hi mugal samrat bana. us samay usaki ayu 36 varsh ki thi. aise badanam vyakti ke gaddinashian hone se janata mean asantosh evan ghabarahat thi. logoan ki aanshaka hone lagi ki ab sukh−shaanti ke din vida ho gaye, aur ashaanti−avyavastha evan loot−khasot ka jamana phir a gaya. us samay janata mean kitana bhay aur atank tha, isaka vistrit varnan jain kavi banarasidas ne apane prasiddh granth 'arthakathanak' mean kiya hai. usaka kuchh aansh yahaan prastut hai,−

"ghar−ghar dar−dar diye kapat . hatavani nahian baithe hat .
bhale vastr aroo bhooshan bhale. te sab gadhe dharati chale .
ghar−ghr sabanhi visahe astr . logan pahire mote vastr .."

khusaro ka vidroh aur nidhan

jahaangir ke b de putr ka nam khusaro tha. vah roopavan, guni aur vir tha. apane anek gunoan mean akabar ke saman tha. isalie b da lokapriy tha. akabar bhi apane us pautr ko b da pyar karata tha. jahaangir ke kukrityoan se jab akabar b da dukhi ho gaya, tab apane aantim kal mean usane khusaro ko apana uttaradhikari banane ka vichar kiya. phir soch vichar karane par akabar ne jahaangir ko hi apana uttaradhikari ghoshit kar diya. khusaro ke man mean badashah banane ki lalasa paida huee thi, usane use vidrohi bana diya. chooanki jahaangir gaddinashian tha, at: rajakiy sadhan use sulabh the. unake karan khusaroan ka vidroh viphal ho gaya; aur use apani jan se hath dhona p da.

prashasan

jahaangir ne apani badanami ko door karane ke lie apane vishal samrajy ka prashasan achchha karane ki or dhyan diya. usane yathasanbhav apane pita akabar ki shasan niti ka hi anusaran kiya aur purani vyavastha ko kayam rakha tha. jin vyaktiyoan ne sh dayantr mean sahayata ki thi usane unhean malamal kar diya; jo karmachari jin padoan par akabar ke kal mean the, unhean unhian padoan par rakhate hue unaki pratishtha ko yathavat banaye rakha. kuchh adhikariyoan ki usane padonnati bhi kar di thi. is prakar ke udaratapoorn vyavahar ka usake shasan par b da anukool prabhav pada.

nyay

jahaangir ne nyay vyavastha thik rakhane ki or vishesh dhyan diya tha. nyayadhishoan ke atirikt vah svayan bhi janata ke du:kh dard ko sunata tha. usake lie usane apane nivas−sthan se lekar nadi ke kinare tak ek janzir bandhavaee thi aur usamean bahut si ghantiyaan latakava di thian. yadi kisi ko kuchh phariyad karani ho, to vah us janzir ko pak d kar khianch sakata hai, taki usamean bandhi huee ghantiyoan ki avaj sun kar badashah us phariyadi ko apane pas bula sake. jahaangir ke atmacharit se jnat hota hai, vah janzir sone ki thi aur usake banavane mean b di lagat aee thi. usaki lanbaee 40 gaj ki thi aur usamean 60 ghantiyaan bandhi huee thian. un sabaka vajan 10 man ke lagabhag tha. usase jahaan badashah ke vaibhav ka pradarshan hota tha, vahaan usake nyay ka bhi dhiandhora pit gaya tha. kiantu is bat ka koee ullekh nahian milata hai ki kisi vyakti ne us janjir ko hilakar badashah ko kabhi nyay karane ka kasht diya ho. us kal mean muslim shasakoan ka aisa aantak tha ki us janzir mean bandhi huee ghantiyoan ko baja kar badashah ke aisho−aram mean vidhn dalane ka sahas karana b da kathin tha.

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jahaangir ke shasan−kal mean pleg namak bhanyakar bimari ka kee bar prakop hua tha. sanh 1618 mean jab vah bimari dobara agara mean phaili thi, tab usase b di barbadi huee thi. usake sanbandh mean jahaangir ne likha hai− 'agara mean pun: mahamari ka prakop hua jisase lagabhag ek sau manushy prati din mar rahe haian. bagal, patte ya gale mean giltiyaan ubhar ati haian aur log mar jate haian. yah tisara varsh hai ki rog ja de mean jor pak data hai aur garmi ke aranbh mean samapt ho jata hai. in tin varshoan mean isaki chhoot agara ke as−pas ke gramoan tatha bastiyoan mean phail gee hai. ....jis adami ko yah rog hota tha, use jor ka bukhar ata tha aur usaka rang pilapan liye hue syah ho jata tha, aur dast hote the aur doosare din hi vah mar jata tha. jis ghar mean ek adami bimar hota, usase sabhi ko us rog hi chhoot lag jati aur ghar ka ghar barbad ho jata tha.'

sharababandi ka nirdesh

jahaangir ko sharab pine ki lat thi, jo aantim kal tak rahi thi. vah usake dushtaparinam ko janata tha; kiantu use chho dane mean asamarth tha. kiantu janata ko sharab se bachane ke lie usane gaddi par baithate hi use banane aur bechane par pabandi laga di thi. usane shasan−sanbhalate hi ek shahi pharaman nikala tha, jisamean 12 ajnaoan ko samrajy bhar mean manane ka adesh diya gaya tha. usamean tisari ajna sharababandi se sanbandhit thi. us prakar ki ajna hone par bhi vah svayan sharab pita tha aur usake pray: sabhi saradar samant, hakim aur karmachari bhi sharab pine ke adi thi. aisi sthiti mean sharababandi ki shahi ajna ka koee prabhavakari parinam nikala ho, isase sandeh hai.

graminoan ka vidroh

jahaangir ke shasan−kal mean ek bar braj mean yamuna par ke kisanoan aur graminoan ne vidroh karate hue kar dena band kar diya tha. jahaangir ne khurram ko use dabane ke lie bheja. vidrohiyoan ne b de sahas aur dridhata se yuddh kiya; kiantu shahi sena se ve parajit ho gaye the. unamean se bahut se mar diye gaye aur striyoan tatha bachchoan ko kaid kar liya gaya. us avasar par sena ne khoob loot ki thi, jisamean use bahut dhan mila tha. ukt ghatana ka ullekh svayan jahaangir ne apane atm charitr mean kiya hai kiantu usake karan par prakash nahian dala. sanbhav hai, vah vidroh husainabeg bakhshi ki lootamar ke pratirodh mean kiya gaya ho.

braj ke jangaloan mean shikar

us samay mean braj mean anek bih d van the, jinamean sher adi hiansak pashu bhi paryapt sankhya mean rahate the. muslim shasak in vanoan mean shikar karane ko ate the. jahaangir badashah ne bhi noorajahaan ke sath yahaan kee bar shikar kiya tha. jahaangir achook nishanebaj tha. sanh 1614 mean jahaangir mathura mean tha, tab aheriya ne soochana di ki pas ke jangal mean ek sher hai, jo janata ko kasht de raha hai . yah sun kar badashah ne hathiyoan dvara jangal par ghera dal diya aur khud noorajahaan ke sath shikar ko gaya. us samay jahaangir ne jiv−hiansa n karane ka vrat liya tha, at: svayan goli n chala kar usane noorajahaan ko hi goli chalane ki ajna di thi. noorajahaan ne hathi par se ek hi nishane mean sher ko mar diya tha. san 1626 mean jab jahaangir [mathura]] mean nav mean baith kar yamuna ki sair kar raha tha, tab aheriyoan ne use soochana di ki pas ke jangal mean ek sherani apane tin bachchoan ke sath maujood hai. vah nav se utar kar jangal mean gaya aur vahaan usane sherani ko mar kar usake bachchoan ko jivit pak dava liya tha. us avasar par jahaangir ne apane janmadin ka utsav bhi mathura mean hi manaya tha. usaka tab 56 varsh poore kar 57 vaan varsh aranbh hua tha. usake upalaksh mean usane tuladan kiya aur bahut sa danapuny kiya tha.

vyaktitv evan abhiroochi

samrat jahaangir ka vyaktitv b da akarshak tha; kiantu usaka charitr buri−bhali adatoan ka adbhut mishran tha. apane bachapan mean kusang ke karan vah anek buraeeyoan ke vashibhoot ho gaya tha, unamean kamukata aur madira−pan vishesh roop se ullekhaniy haian. gaddi par baithate hi usane apani anek buri adatoan ko chho d kar apane ko bahut kuchh sudhar liya tha; kiantu madira−pan ko vah aant samay tak bhi nahian chho d saka tha. atishay mady−sevan ke karan usake charitr ki anek achchhaeeyaan dab gee thian. madira−pan ke sanbandh mean usane svayan apane atmacharit mean likha hai −'hamane solah varsh ki ayu se madira pina aranbh kar diya tha. pratidin bis pyala tatha kabhi−kabhi isase bhi adhik pite the. is karan hamari aisi avastha ho gee ki yadi ek gh di bhi n pite to hath kaanpane lagate tatha baithane ki shakti nahian rah jati thi. hamane niroopay hokar ise kam karana aranbh kar diya aur chhah mahine ka samay mean bis pyale se paanch pyale tak pahuancha diya.'
jahaangir sahityapremi tha, jo usako paitrik den thi. yadyapi usane akabar ki tarah usake sanrakshan aur protsahan mean vishesh yog nahian diya tha, tathapi usaka jnan use apane pita se adhik tha. vah arabi, pharasi aur brajabhasha−hindi ka jnata tatha pharasi ka achchha lekhak tha. usaki rachana 'tuzak jahaangir' (jahaangir ka atm charit) utkrisht sansmaranatmak kriti hai.

braj ki dharmik sthiti

braj apani sudridh dharmik sthiti ke lie paranpara se prasiddh raha hai. usaki yah sthiti kuchh sima tak mugalakal mean thi. samrat akabar ke shasanakal mean braj ki dharmik sthiti mean naye yug ka sootrapat hua tha. mugal samrajy ki rajadhani agara brajamandal ke aantargat thi; at: braj ke dharmik sthaloan se sidha sanbandh tha. agara ki shahi riti-niti, shasan−vyavastha aur usaki unnati−avanati ka braj ka pratyaksh prabhav p da tha. samrat akabar ke kal mean braj ki jaisi dharmik sthiti thi, vaisi jahaangir ke shasan kal mean nahi rahi thi; phir bhi vah pray:santoshajanak thi. usane apane pita akabar ki udar dharmik niti ka anusaran kiya, jisase usake shasan−kal mean brajamandal mean pray: shaanti aur suvyavastha kayam rahi. usake 22 varshiy shasan kal mean do−tin bar hi braj mean shaanti−bhang huee thi. us samay dharmik sthiti g dab da gee thi; aur bhaktajanoan ka kuchh utpi dan bhi hua tha kiantu shighr hi us par kaboo pa liya gaya tha.

aantim kal aur mrityu

jahaangir ne apane uttar jivan mean shasan ka samast bhar noorajahaan ko sauanp diya tha. vah svayan sharab pikar nishchiant p de rahane mean hi apane jivan ki sarthakata samajhata tha. sharab ki buri lat aur aish−aram ne usake sharir ko nikamma kar diya tha. vah koee mahatvapoorn kary nahian kar sakata tha. saubhagy se akabar ke kal mean mugal samrajy ki nianv itani sridridh rakhi gee thi ki jahaangir ke nikammepan se usamean koee khas kami nahian aee thi. apane pita dvara sthapit niti aur paranpara ka palla pak de rahane se jahaangir apane shasan−kal ke 22 varsh bina khas jhag de−jhanjhatoan ke pray: sukh−chain se poore kar gaya tha. noorajahaan apane sautele putr khurram ko nahian chahati thi. isalie jahaangir ke uttar kal mean khurram ne ek−do bar vidroh bhi kiya tha; kiantu vah asaphal raha tha. jahaangir ki mrityu sanh 1627 mean us samay huee jab vah kashmir se vapis a raha tha. raste mean lahaur mean usaka dehavasan ho gaya. use vahaan ke ramanik udyan mean daphanaya gaya tha. bad mean vahaan usaka bhavy maqabara banaya gaya. mrityu ke samay usaki ayu 58 varsh ki thi. jahaangir ke pashchat usaka putr khurram shahajahaan ke nam se mugal samrat hua.