जोनराज

jonaraj sanskrit ke vidvanh tikakar evan itihasakar the. kashmir ke sultan jainul abidin (1420-1470 ee.) ke ve rajadarabari pandit the. yadyapi unake janm aur mrityu ki nishchit tithiyaan ajnat haian, tathapi 1389 se 1459 ee. ke bich unaka jivit rahana adhik sanbhavit hai. jonaraj ne mahakavi jayanak krit aitihasik granth 'prithvirajavijay mahakavyamh‌' ki vidvattapoorn tika likhi thi.

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parichay

jonaraj ke pita ka nam 'nonaraj' aur pitamah ka 'lolaraj' tha. brahman parivar mean utpann jonaraj kushagr buddhi the. unhoanne sanskrit sahity ka pragadh adhyayan kiya tha. kashmir ke sultan jainul abidin ki nyayapriyata ke parinamasvaroop unhean paitrik sanpatti bhi mil gee thi. prasiddh 'kiratarjuniyamh' (1449 ee.) aur mahakavi mankh virachit 'shrikanthacharitamh‌' par lalit tikaean likhane ke bad jonaraj ne mahakavi jayanak krit aitihasik granth 'prithvirajavijay mahakavyamh‌' ki vidvattapoorn tika likhi.

'dvitiy rajatarangini' ki rachana

jonaraj ki 'prithvirajavijay' ki tika se prakat hai ki unamean arthajnan, aitihasik nivesh, sahi vyakhya tatha svatantr tippaniyoan ke lekhan ka adbhut kaushal tha. kadachith‌ unaki isi tika se prabhavit hokar saltanat ke nyayalayoan ke nirikshak shiryabhatt ne unhean kalhan ki 'rajatarangini' ko poorn karane ki ajna di. kalhan 'kashmir ka itihas' 1149-1150 ee. tak hi likh sakate the. usake age 1459 ee. tak ka itihas jonaraj ne likha, jo 'dvitiy rajatarangini' ke nam se vikhyat hai. usamean jonaraj ne jayasianh se ranikota tak ke hindoo rajaoan ka 347 shlokoan mean (da. pitarsan dvara sanshodhit 'dvitiy rajatarangini', banbee sanskaran, 1896) sankshipt varnan kiya hai. isamean shahamir ke kashmir h dapane (1339 ee.) se lekar jainul abidin ke rajy kal ke 1459 ee. tak ke itihas ka adhik varnan hai.

lekhan shaili

stin ke kathananusar jonaraj mean yathesht upalabdhiyaan to thian, kiantu tadanuroop maulikata ka abhav tha. phir bhi jonaraj ne kalhan se milati-julati shaili mean itihas likhane mean jis kavyatmak yogyata, charitr niroopan ki utkrishtata tatha ghatanaoan ke varnan mean dakshata ka parichay diya hai, vah stuty hai. vaijnanik shaili ka anusaran karane vale adhunik itihasakar mean vastuparakata, nishpakshata aur vivekashilata sadrish jin gunoan ka hona avashyak samajha jata hai unamean unaka samuchit vikas n hote hue bhi jonaraj ne apane granth mean yatharth vivaran dene ki cheshta ki hai.

jainul abidin ke kripapatr

jainul abidin ke vishesh kripapatr rahane ke karan sultan ke vyaktigat gunoan ke atiranjit varnan aur unaki kamiyoan ke bare mean granthakar ki chuppi khatakati avashy hai, tathapi samakalik hote hue unhoanne sikandarashah aur usake hindoo utpi dak mantri suhabhatt ke dharmaandh krityoan ka varnan karate samay koee sankoch nahian kiya. unaka kashmir ka bhaugolik varnan sahi hai. unhoanne pratyek raja ke abhishek aur mrityu ki thik tithiyaan di hai. kiantu any hindoo itihas lekhakoan ki bhaanti unamean bhi ek dosh tha. unhoanne alag-alag shasakoan ke samay ki vibhinn ghatanaoan ka koee tithi kram nahian diya. 'dvitiy rajatarangini' ki bhasha mean arabi, farasi aur turki shabdoan ka bhi samavesh hua hai.

nidhan

'dvitiy rajatarangini' likhate hue hi 1459 ee. mean jonaraj ka pranaant ho gaya. unake shishy (putr?) shrivar ne unake bad 'rajatarangini' ke vishay ko age badhaya. sanskrit vidya ke hras ke dinoan mean jonaraj dvara arjit kirti mahatvapoorn thi. kalhan ke pashchath‌ us paripati ke gin-chune itihasakaroan mean jonaraj ka sthan surakshit hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh