टीपू सुल्तान

tipoo sultan
tipoo sultan|200px|center
poora nam	tipoo sultan
janm	20 navambar, 1750 ee.
janm bhoomi	'devanahalli', kolar zila, karnatak
mrityu tithi	4 mee 1799 ee.
mrityu sthan	shrirangapattanam, karnatak
pita/mata	haidar ali aur fatima fakhr-un-nisa
shasan	29 disambar, 1782–4 mee, 1799
dharmik manyata	islam
yuddh	maisoor yuddh
sudhar-parivartan	jal bhandaran ke lie kaveri nadi ke us sthan par ek baandh ki nianv rakhi, jahaan aj 'krishnaraj sagar baandh' maujood hai. tipoo ne apane pita dvara shuroo ki gee 'lal bag pariyojana' ko saphalatapoorvak poora kiya. usane 'adhunik kailendar' ki shuruat ki aur sikka dhulaee tatha nap-top ki nee pranali ka prayog kiya.
rajadhani	shrirangapattanam
poorvadhikari	haidar ali
sanbandhit lekh	haidar ali, aangrez, maratha,
any janakari	kee bar aangrezoan ke chhakke chhu da dene vale tipoo sultan ko bharat ke poorv rashtrapati evan mahanh vaijnanik d aau. e.pi.je. abdul kalam ne vishv ka sabase pahala r aauket avishkarak bataya tha.

tipoo sultan (aangrezi: Tipu Sultan, janm: 20 navambar, 1750 ee.; mrityu- 4 mee, 1799 ee.) bharatiy itihas ke prasiddh yoddha haidar ali ka putr tha. pita ki mrityu ke bad putr tipoo sultan ne maisoor sena ki kaman ko sanbhala tha, jo apani pita ki hi bhaanti yogy evan parakrami tha. tipoo ko apani virata ke karan hi 'sher-e-maisoor' ka khitab apane pita se prapt hua tha. tipoo dvara kee yuddhoan mean harane ke bad marathoan evan nizam ne aangrezoan se sandhi kar li thi. aisi sthiti mean tipoo ne bhi aangrezoan se sandhi ka prastav kiya aur chooanki aangrezoan ko bhi tipoo ki shakti ka ahasas ho chuka tha, isalie chhipe man se ve bhi sandhi chahate the. donoan pakshoan mean varta march, 1784 mean huee aur isi ke phalasvaroop 'mangalaur ki sandhi' sampann huee.

kee bar aangrezoan ke chhakke chhu da dene vale tipoo sultan ko bharat ke poorv rashtrapati evan mahanh vaijnanik d aau. e.pi.je. abdul kalam ne vishv ka sabase pahala r aauket avishkarak bataya tha.

jivan parichay

tipoo sultan ka janm maisoor ke sultan haidar ali ke ghar 20 navambar, 1750 ko 'devanahalli', vartaman mean karnatak ka kolar zila mean hua tha. tipoo sultan ka poora nam fateh ali tipoo tha. vah b da vir, vidyavyasani tatha sangit aur sthapaty ka premi tha. usake pita ne dakshin mean apani shakti ka vistar aranbh kiya tha. is karan aangrezoan ke sath-sath nijam aur marathe bhi usake shatru ban ge the. tipoo ne 18 varsh ki umr mean aangrezoan ke viruddh pahala yuddh jita tha. aangrez sandhi karane ko badhy hue. lekin paanch varsh bad hi sandhi ko to dakar nijam aur marathoan ko sath lekar aangrezoan ne phir akraman kar diya. tipoo sultan ne arab, kabul, phraans adi deshoan mean apane doot bhejakar unase sahayata maangi, par saphalata nahian mili. aangrezoan ko in karravaiyoan ka pata tha. apane is vikat shatru ko badanam karane ke lie aangrez itihasakaroan ne ise dharmaandh bataya hai. parantu vah b da sahishnu rajyadhyaksh tha. yadyapi bharatiy shasakoan ne usaka sath nahian diya, par usane kisi bhi bharatiy shasak ke viruddh, chahe vah hindoo ho ya musalaman, aangrezoan se gathabandhan nahian kiya.

behatar rananitikar

tipoo sultan kafi bahadur hone ke sath hi dimagi soojhaboojh se rananiti banane mean bhi behad mahir tha. apane shasanakal mean bharat mean badhate eest iandiya kanpani ke samrajy ke samane vah kabhi nahian jhuka aur usane aangrezoan se jamakar loha liya. maisoor ki doosari l daee mean aangrezoan ko khade dane mean usane apane pita haidar ali ki kafi madad ki. usane apani bahaduri se jahaan kee bar aangrezoan ko patakhani di, vahian nizamoan ko bhi kee maukoan par dhool chataee. apani har se baukhalae haidarabad ke nizam ne tipoo sultan se gaddari ki aur aangrezoan se mil gaya.

sandhi

maisoor ki tisari l daee mean bhi jab aangrez tipoo ko nahian hara pae to unhoanne maisoor ke is sher se 'mangalor ki sandhi' nam se ek samajhauta kar liya. sandhi ki shartoan ke anusar donoan pakshoan ne ek doosare ke jite hue pradeshoan ko vapas kar diya. tipoo ne aangrez bandiyoan ko bhi riha kar diya. tipoo ke lie yah sandhi usaki utkrisht kootanitik saphalata thi. usane aangrezoan se alag se ek sandhi kar marathoan ki sarvochchata ko asvikar kar diya. is sandhi se gavarnar-janaral varen hestiangs asahamat tha. usane sandhi ke bad kaha-

"yah l aaurd maikartani kaisa adami hai. maian abhi bhi vishvas karata hooan ki vah sandhi ke bavajood karnatak ko kho dalega."

thumb|left|tipoo sultan

palakkad qila

'palakkad qila', 'tipoo ka qila' nam se bhi prasiddh hai. yah palakkad taun ke madhy bhag mean sthit hai. isaka nirman 1766 mean kiya gaya tha. yah qila bharatiy puratattvik sarvekshan ke aantargat sanrakshit smarak hai. maisoor ke sultan haidar ali ne is qile ko 'lait rait' yani 'makharala' se banavaya tha. jab haidar ne malabar aur kochchi ko apane adhin kar liya, tab is qile ka nirman karavaya. unake putr tipoo sultan ne bhi yahaan adhikar jamaya tha. palakkad qila tipoo sultan ka keral mean shakti-durg tha, jahaan se vah britishoan ke khilaf l data tha. isi tarah san 1784 mean ek yuddh mean karnal phullert ke netritv mean british sainikoan ne 11 din durg ko gher kar rakha aur apane adhin kar liya. bad mean kosh़ikkod ke samootiri ne qile ko jit liya .1790 mean british sainikoan ne qile par punah adhikar kar liya. bangal mean 'baksar ka yuddh' ko tatha dakshin mean maisoor ka chautha yuddh ko jit kar bharatiy rajaniti par aangrezoan ne apani pak d majaboot kar li.

mrityu

[[chitr:The-Mausoleum-Of-Tipu-Sulthan.jpg|thumb|250px|tipoo sultan ka maqabara, shrirangapattanam]] 'phoot dalo, shasan karo' ki niti chalane vale aangrezoan ne sandhi karane ke bad tipoo se gaddari kar dali. eest iandiya kanpani ne haidarabad ke sath milakar chauthi bar tipoo par zabardast hamala kiya aur akhirakar 4 mee sanh 1799 ee. ko maisoor ka sher shrirangapattanam ki raksha karate hue shahid ho gaya. 1799 ee. mean usaki parajay tatha mrityu par aangrezoan ne maisoor rajy ke ek hisse mean usake purane hindoo raja ke jis nabalig pautr ko gaddi par baithaya, usaka divan puraniya ko niyukt kar diya.

tipoo ki asaphalata ke karan

tipoo sultan ki asaphalata ke do mahattvapoorn karan the-

• fraansisi mitrata aur deshi rajyoan ko milakar sanyukt morcha banane mean tipoo asaphal raha.
• vah apane pita haidar ali ki bhaanti kootanitijn aur dooradarshita ka pakka nahian tha.

vikas kary

tipoo ki shahadat ke bad aangrez shrirangapattanam se do r aauket briten ke 'voolavich sangrahalay' ki artilari gailari mean pradarshani ke lie le ge. sultan ne 1782 mean apane pita ke nidhan ke bad maisoor ki kaman sanbhali thi aur apane alp samay ke shasanakal mean hi vikas karyoan ki jh di laga di thi. usane jal bhandaran ke lie kaveri nadi ke us sthan par ek baandh ki nianv rakhi, jahaan aj 'krishnaraj sagar baandh' maujood hai. tipoo ne apane pita dvara shuroo ki gee 'lal bag pariyojana' ko saphalatapoorvak poora kiya. tipoo niahsandeh ek kushal prashasak evan yogy senapati tha. usane 'adhunik kailendar' ki shuruat ki aur sikka dhulaee tatha nap-top ki nee pranali ka prayog kiya. usane apani rajadhani shrirangapattanam mean 'svatantrata ka vriksh' lagavaya aur sath hi 'jaikobin klab' ka sadasy bhi bana. usane apane ko nagarik tipoo pukara. t aaumas munaro ne tipoo ke barean mean likha hai ki-

"navinata ki avibhraant bhavana tatha pratyek vastu ke svayan hi prasoot hone ki raksha usake charitr ki mukhy visheshata thian."

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