डाक टिकट

	dak tikat
	gaandhiji aur kastooraba gaandhi par jari dak tikat\|200px\|center
vivaran	'dak tikat' chhota ayatakar kagaz ka tuk da hota hai, jo liphaphe adi par chipakaya jata hai. isase dak seva shulk ke bhugatan ka pata chalata hai.
shuruat	1840 (ianglaind)
janak	sar rolaind hil
prapti sthan	dak ghar
bharat mean shuruat	1852
vishesh	1 julaee, 1852 ko sindh ke mukhy ayukt sar bartalephrrore dvara siandh rajy aur muanbee-karachi marg par prayog ke lie 'siandh dak' namak dak tikat jari kiya gaya tha.
sanbandhit lekh	dak tikatoan mean mahatma gaandhi, maharani viktoriya
any janakari	bharat mean 1854 se 1931 tak dak tikatoan par maharani viktoriya, edavard saptam, j aaurj pancham, jarj chhathe ke chitr vale dak tikat hi nikalate rahe. apane prem ke lie sianhasan tyagane vale raja edavard ashtam par yahaan koee dak tikat nahian nikala.

dak tikat chipakane vale kagaz se bana ek sakshy hai, jo yah darshata hai ki dak sevaoan ke shulk ka bhugatan ho chuka hai. amataur par yah ek chhota ayatakar kagaz ka tuk da hota hai, jo ek liphaphe par chipaka rahata hai, jo yah yah darshata hai ki preshak ne prapt karta ko supurdagi ke lie dak sevaoan ka poori tarah se ya aanshik roop se bhugatan kiya hai. dak tikat, dak bhugatan karane ka sabase lokapriy tarika hai; isake alava isake vikalp haian, poorv pradatt-dak liphaphe, post kard, havaee patr adi. dak tikatoan ko dak ghar se kharida ja sakata hai. inake sangrah ko 'dak tikat sangrah' ya 'filetali' kaha jata hai. dak tikat ikattha karana manav ke kee shauqoan mean se ek hai.

itihas

sabase pahale ianglaiand mean varsh 1840 mean dak-tikat bechane ki vyavastha shuroo ki gee. halaanki isake pahale hi dak vitaran vyavastha shuroo ho chuki thi, parantu patr pahuanchane ke lie patr bhejane vale ko dak ghar tak jana hi p data tha. pahale kisi bhi patr bhejane vale ko dak ghar jakar patr par post mastar ke dastakht karavane p date the par dak-tikatoan ke beche jane ne is pareshani se mukti dila di. jab dak-tikat bikane lage to log unhean kharid kar apane pas rakh lete the aur phir zaroorat p dane par unaka upayog kar lete the. 1840 mean hi sabase pahale jagah-jagah letar-b aauks bhi taange jane lage taki patr bhejane vale unake jarie patr bhej sakean aur dak ghar jane se chhutti mil gee. pahale patr bhejane mean kee prakar ki dikkatean pesh ati thian, lekin aj patr bhejana asan ho gaya hai. ab to sandesh bhejane ke lie patr se bahut tez suvidhaean bhi hamean upalabdh haian.

pahala dak tikat

vishv mean pahala dak tikat aj se lagabhag dedh sau sal se pahale briten (ianglaiand) mean jari hua tha. us samay ianglaiand ke rajasianhasan par maharani viktoriya virajaman thian, isalie svabhavik roop se ianglaiand apane dak tikatoan par maharani viktoriya ke chitroan ko pramukhata deta raha. pahale dak tikatoan par rani viktoriya ke chitr chhapane ke karan vahaan ki mahilaoan mean apani rani ke chitr vale dak tikatoan ko ikattha karane ka junoon savar ho gaya. ye mahilaean hi dak tikat sangrah ke shauq ki janani banian. ianglaiand mean raja viliyam pratham (san 1066-1087) se rajashahi ka daur chala a raha hai. vishv ka pahala dak tikat 1 mee, 1840 ko gret briten mean jari kiya gaya tha, jisake oopar briten ki maharani viktoriya ka chitr chhapa tha. yah dak tikat kale rang mean ek chhote se chaukor kagaz par chhapa tha aur usaki kimat ek peni rakhi gee thi. yah dak tikat 'peni blaik' ke nam se mashahoor hua. ek peni mooly ke is tikat ke kinare sidhe the, yani tikatoan ko alag karane ke lie jo chhote-chhote chhed banae jate haian, ve prachin dak tikatoan mean nahian the. is samay tak unamean liphaphe par chipakane ke lie goand bhi nahian laga hota tha. yah dak tikat halaanki pahali mee, 1840 ko bikri ke lie jari kiya gaya tha, lekin dak shulk ke lie ise 6 mee, 1840 se vaidh mana gaya. ye dak tikat vishv ke bhi pahale dak tikat the. ianglaiand ke in dak tikatoan ko nikalane ka shrey 'sar r aaulaiand hil' (san 1795-1878) ko jata hai. tikat sangrah karane mean ruchi rakhane valoan ke lie is tikat ka bahut mahattv hai, kyoanki is tikat se hi dak-tikat sangrah ka itihas bhi shuroo hota hai. is dak tikat ki kahani atyant rochak hai. yahian se dak tikatoan ki paranpara shuroo hoti hai.^[1]

janak

yadi dak tikatoan ke itihas ka adhyayan karean to peshe se adhyapak sar rolaind hil (san 1795-1878) ko pahale dak tikatoan ka janak kaha jata hai. jis samay patroan ko ek sthan se doosare sthan tak pahuanchane ka shulk tay kiya gaya aur vah gantavy par likha jane laga to unhian dinoan ianglaiand ke ek skool adhyapak rolaind hil ne dekha ki bahut se patr pane valoan ne patroan ko svikar karane se iankar kar diya aur patroan ka dher laga hua hai, jisase ki sarakari nidhi ki kshati ho rahi hai. yah sab dekh kar unhoanne san 1837 mean dak vyavastha mean sudhar aur dak tikatoan dvara dak shulk ki vasooli ke bare mean do shodhapatr (‘post aphis rifarm’ namak patr) prakashit kie. in shodh patroan mean unhoanne yah sujhav diya ki pratyek adhe auans ke vajan ke patr par ek peni ki saman dak shulk dar lagaee jae, chahe vah patr kitani hi door jata ho aur yah dak shulk peshagi ada ki jae. jahaan tak dak shulk ka bhugatan karane ka sanbandh hai, is bare mean hil ne mohar lage chhote-chhote lebal jari karane ka sujhav diya, taki log patr bhejane ke pahale use kharide aur patr par chipaka kar apana patr bhejean. lebal sirf itane b de hone chahie ki un par muhar lag sake.^[1]

maharani viktoriya ka chitr

goand lage dak tikatoan ka uchit dizain taiyar karane ke lie briten ki sarakar ne pratiyogita ayojit ki. is pratiyogita mean 2,600 pravishtiyaan prapt hueean, lekin inamean se koee bhi dizain upayukt nahian paee gee. aantatah hil ne maharani viktoriya ke chitr ko dak tikat par chhapane ka nirnay kiya.[[chitr:Commonwealth-Games-3d-Stamp.jpg|thumb|left|250px|k aaumanavelth khel par jari ek dak tikat]] is chitr ke lie unhoanne maharani ke us chitr ko chuna, jise viliyam vayan ne 1837 mean nagar ki sthapana ke yadagar ke roop mean jari kie ge medal par aankit kiya tha. unhoanne isaka akar taiks lebaloan par istemal kie jane vale chitroan ke akar jaisa rakha. vayan ke medal par aankit chitr ke adhar par dak tikat taiyar karane ke lie landan ke hainari karabold namak chitrakar ko use vatar kalar par utarane ke lie kaha gaya. ek peni ka dak tikat kale rang mean aur do peans ka dak tikat nile rang mean chhapa gaya. 6 mee, 1840 ko vishv ka pratham dak tikat ‘peni blaik’ briten dvara jari kiya gaya. halaanki, do peans ke dak tikat 8 mee, 1840 tak jari nahian hue. laitar shits, raipars aur liphaphe adi dak steshanari bhi peni blaik ke sath-sath chhap kar jari hueean. inamean se mularedi liphaphe, jinaka nam inaka dijain banane vale viliyam mularedi ke nam par rakha gaya tha, mashahoor haian. yah dijain kafi mashahoor hua, lekin liphaphe lokapriy nahian hue. peni blaik tikat ek varsh se bhi kam samay tak prayog mean raha aur 1841 mean isaka sthan peni red tikat ne le liya.^[1]

maharani viktoriya ke samay mean hi ianglaiand ka vishv ke adhikatar deshoan par shasan tha. ianglaiand hi nahian, balki ianglaiand shasit vishv ke anek deshoan ke dak tikatoan par ianglaiand ke shasakoan ke hi chitr chhapate the. isase dak tikatoan ke madhy dizain mean ajib-si nirasata bharati chali gee. ye behad ubaoo hote ja rahe the; lekin ianglaiand mean hi pahali bar julaee, 1913 mean jari ek dak tikat ‘britenika’ (mooly adha kraun) par ashcharyajanak roop se madhy dijain mean parivartan nazar ata hai. isake bad to tikatoan par itihas, bhoogol, rajaniti, vyakti, sanskriti-sabhyata, sahity-vijnan, jiv-jantu, khel-kood, sthapaty-moorti, chitr-kalaoan adi ke vividh rang-roop dekhane ko milane lage.

bharat mean pahala dak-tikat

jahaan tak bharat ka sanbandh hai, bharat mean dak tikatoan ki shuruat 1852 mean huee. 1 julaee, 1852 ko sindh ke mukhy ayukt sar bartalephrrore dvara sirf siandh rajy mean aur muanbee-karachi marg par prayog ke lie 'siandh dak' namak dak tikat jari kiya gaya.[[chitr:First-Stamp-Of-Independent-India.jpg|thumb|250px|azad bharat mean jari pratham dak tikat]] adhe ane mooly ke is tikat ko bhoore kagaz par lakh ki lal sil chipaka kar jari kiya gaya tha. yah tikat bahut saphal nahian raha, kyoanki lakh tootakar jh d jane ke karan isako sanbhalakar rakhana sanbhav nahian tha. phir bhi aisa anuman kiya jata hai ki is tikat ki lagabhag 100 pratiyaan vibhinn sangrah kartaoan ke pas surakshit haian. dak-tikatoan ke itihas mean is tikat ko 'siandh dak' ke nam se jana jata hai. bad mean safed aur nile rang ke isi prakar ke do tikat vov kagaz par jari kie ge, lekin inaka prayog bahut kam dinoan tak raha, kyoanki 30 sitanbar, 1854 ko siandh praant par eest iandiya kanpani ka adhikar hone ke bad inhean band kar diya gaya. ye eshiya ke pahale dak-tikat to the hi, vishv ke pahale golakar tikat bhi the. sangrahakarta is prakar ke tikatoan ko mahattvapoorn samajhate haian aur adhe ane mooly ke in tikatoan ko aj sabase bahumooly tikatoan mean ginate haian.^[2] bad mean eest iandiya kanpani dvara bharat ke sabase pahale dak tikat adha ana, ek ana, do ana aur char ana ke char moolyoan mean 1 aktoobar, 1854 mean jari kiye ge, jis par maharani viktoriya ke chitr chhape the. yah dak tikatoan ko lithographi paddhati dvara mudrit kiya gaya tha.

bharat mean san 1854 se 1931 tak dak tikatoan par rani viktoriya, raja edavard saptam, j aaurj pancham, jarj chhathe ke chitr vale dak tikat hi nikalate rahe. apane prem ke lie sianhasan tyagane vale raja edavard ashtam (san 1936) par yahaan koee dak tikat nahian nikala tha. 1926 mean 'indiya sikyooriti pres', nasik mean dak tikatoan ki chhapaee arambh hone par 1931 mean pratham chitratmak dak tikat nee dilli ke udghatan par jari kiya gaya. 1935 mean british samrat j aaurj pancham ki rajat jayanti ke avasar par pratham smarak dak tikat jari kiya gaya. svatantrata pashchath 21 navambar, 1947 ko pratham bharatiy dak tikat sadhe़ tin ane ka ‘jayahind’ jari kiya gaya. 21 faravari, 1911 ko vishv ki pratham eyaramel seva bharat dvara ilahabad se naini ke bich arambh ki gayi. rashtramandal deshoan mean bharat pahala desh hai, jisane san 1929 mean havaee dak tikat ka vishesh set jari kiya.

mahatma gaandhi par dak tikat

[[chitr:Gandhiji-Postage-Stamp.jpg|thumb|250px|vibhinn deshoan dvara gaandhiji par jari dak tikat]]

REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

mahatma gaandhi duniya ke sarvadhik lokapriy rajanetaoan aur vyaktitv mean se haian. yahi karan hai ki pray: adhikatar deshoan ne unake samman mean dak-tikat jari kiye haian. desh-videsh ke tikatoan mean dekhean to gaandhiji ka poora jivan charitr paya ja sakata hai. samanyatah dak tikat ek chhota sa kagaz ka tuk da dikhata hai, par isaka mahattv aur kimat donoan hi isase kafi zyada hai. dak tikat vastav mean ek nanha rajadoot hai, jo vibhinn deshoan ka bhraman karata hai evan unhean apani sabhyata, sanskriti aur virasat se avagat karata hai. yah kisi bhi rashtr ke logoan, unaki astha v darshan, aitihasikata, sanskriti, virasat evan unaki akaankshaoan v ashaoan ka pratik hai. aise mean dak-tikatoan par sthan pana gaurav ki bat hai. yah janakar koee ashchary nahian hoga ki dak tikatoan ki duniya mean gaandhiji sabase zyada dikhane vale bharatiy haian tatha bharat mean sarvadhik bar dak-tikatoan par sthan pane valoan mean pratham haian. yahaan tak ki azad bharat mean ve pratham vyakti the, jin par dak tikat jari hua tha.

filetali

'dak tikatoan ka vyavasthit sangrah' arthath 'filetali' manav ke lokapriy shauqoan mean se ek hai. 'shauqoan ka raja' aur 'rajaoan ka shauq' kahe jane vali is vidha ne aj samany janajivan mean bhi utani hi lokapriyata prapt kar li hai. samanyatah dak tikatoan ka sangrah hi 'filetali' mana jata hai, par badalate vaqt ke sath filetali dak tikatoan, pratham divas avaran, vishesh avaran, post mark, dak steshanari evan dak sevaoan se sambandhit sahity ka vyavasthit sangrah evan adhyayan ban gaya hai. rang-birange dak tikatoan mean nihit saundary jahaan isaka kalatmak paksh hai, vahian isaka vyavasthit adhyayan isake vaijnanik paksh ko pradarshit karata hai. dak tikat sangrah ke sambandh mean ek prasiddh sansmaran bhi hai ki ianglaind ke bhootapoorv samrat jarj pancham ko kisi dak tikat vikreta ke yahaan se dak tikat kharidate unake rishtedar ne dekh liya aur isaki shikayat unaki patni maharani meri se ki. isake uttar mean maharani meri ne kaha- "mujhe pata hai ki mere pati shauq hetu dak tikat kharidate haian aur yah achchha bhi hai, kyoanki yah shauq unhean any buri pravritiyoan se door rakhata hai." 'nobel puraskar' prapt prasiddh bhautik vijnani arnest radaraphord ne kaha tha ki- "All Science is either physics or stamp collecting.".

shabd utpatti

'filetali' shabd ki utpatti grik bhasha ke shabd ‘filos’ v ‘etaliya’ se huee. san 1864 mean 24 varshiy phraansisi vyakti jarj h aaurpin ne ‘filetali’ shabd ijad kiya. isase poorv is vidha ko ‘timbarol aauji’ nam se jana jata tha. phreanch bhasha mean timbar ka arth tikat hota hai. edavard luins pembartan ko ‘saintiphik filetali’ ka janak mana jata hai. sabhyata ke badhate qadamoan ke sath filetali matr ek bhautik tathy nahian raha, balki aj filetali kisi bhi rashtr aur rashtr ke logoan, unaki astha v darshan, aitihasikata, sanskriti, virasat evan unaki akaankshaoan v ashaoan ka pratibimb aur pratik hai, jisake madhyam se vahaan ke itihas, kala, vijnan, vyaktitv, vanaspati, jiv-jantu, rajanayik sambandh evan janajivan se jude़ vibhinn pahaluoan ki janakari milati hai. varshoan se filetali mahattvapoorn ghatanaoan ke vishvavyapi prasar, mahanh vibhootiyoan ko sammanit karane evan prakritik saundary ke prati apani shraddha arpit karane hetu kary kar rahi hai. isane vibhinn rashtroan ke bich maitri ka setu taiyar karane ke sath-sath paraspar ek doosare ko samajhane mean sahayata pradan ki hai aur aj bhi is disha mean yah ek mil ka patthar hai. samanyatah dak tikat ek chhota-sa kagaz ka tuk da dikhata hai, par isaka mahattv aur qimat dono hi isase kafi zy़ada hai. yah man ko moh lene vali jivan shakti se bharapoor hai. ek taraf filetali ke madhyam se apani sabhyata aur sanskriti ke gujare vaqt ko aine mean dekha ja sakata hai, vahian dak tikat vastav mean ek nanha rajadoot hai, jo vibhinn deshoan ka bhraman karata hai evan unhean apani sabhyata, sanskriti aur virasat se avagat karata hai. nishchitatah aj ke vyastatam jivan evan pratispardhatmak yug mean filetali se badhakar koee bhi rochak aur jnanavarddhak shauq nahian ho sakata. vyaktitv parimarjan ke sath-sath yah jnan ke bhandar mean bhi vriddhi karata hai.^[3]

laghukatha

'filetali' arthath 'dak-tikatoan ke sangrah' ki bhi ek rochak kahani hai. unnisavian shatabdi ke madhy mean yoorop mean ek aangrez mahila ko apane shrriangar-kaksh ki divaroan ko dak tikatoan se sajane ki soojhi aur is hetu usane solah hazar dak-tikat parichitoan se ekatr kie aur shesh hetu san 1841 mean ‘taims aauph landan’ samachar patr mean vijnapan dekar pathakoan se istemal kie ja chuke dak tikatoan ko bhejane ki prarthana ki. tab se dak-tikatoan ka sangrah ek shauq ke roop mean paravan chadhata gaya.^[3]

ek rochak ghatanakram mean san 1965 mean ek solah varshiy kishor ne garibi khatm karane hetu amerika ke post mastar janaral ko sujhav bheja ki kuchh dak-tikat janaboojh kar galatiyoan ke sath chhape jayean aur unako gariboan ko paanch-paanch sent mean bech diya jay. ye garib in tikatoan ko sangrahakartaoan ko muanhamaangi qimatoan par bechakar apana jivan sudhar sakeange. ek british kahavat bhi hai- "filetali tikat ek aise sheyar ki bhaanti haian, jinake mooly mean kabhi giravat nahian ati varanh vriddhi hi hoti hai."

sabase b da sangrah

duniya mean dak tikatoan ka pratham elabam 1862 mean fraans mean jari kiya gaya. aj vishv mean dak-tikatoan ka sabase b da sangrah briten ki maharani elijabeth dvitiy ke pas hai. bharat mean bhi qarib pachas lakh log vyavasthit roop se dak-tikatoan ka sangrah karate haian. bharat mean dak tikat sangrah ko badhava dene ke lie pratham bar san 1954 mean pratham antarrashtriy dak tikat pradarshani ka ayojan kiya gaya. usake pashchath se anek rashtriy, antarrashtriy aur kshetriy pradarshaniyoan ka ayojan hota raha hai. vastutah in pradarshaniyoan ke dvara jahaan anek samriddh sanskritiyoan vale bharat rashtr ki gauravashali parampara ko dak tikatoan ke dvara chitrit karake vibhinn samajik, saanskritik aur aitihasik sandeshoan ko prasarit kiya jata hai, vahian doosari taraf yah vibhinn rashtroan ke madhy sadbhavana evamh mitrata mean utsahajanak vriddhi ka parichayak hai. isi parampara mean bharatiy dak vibhag dvara 1968 mean dak bhavan nee dilli mean ‘rashtriy filetali sangrahalay’ ki sthapana ki aur 1969 mean mumbee mean 'pratham filetalik byooro' ki sthapana ki gee. dak tikatoan ke alava miniechar shit, soviniyar shit, staimp shitalait, staimp bukalait, kalaiktars paik v thimetik paik ke madhyam se bhi dak tikat sangrah ko rochak banane ka prayas kiya gaya hai.^[3]

saanskritik lagav evan vividhata ka parichayak

aj filetali matr ek sunahara atit nahian hai, varanh logoan ke saanskritik lagav, vividhata evan suruchipoorn chayan ka bhi parichayak hai. rang-birange dak tikatoan ka sangrah karane vale log jahaan is shauq ke madhyam se paraspar mitrata mean bandhakar sambandhoan ko naya ayam dete haian, vahian isake vyavaharik pahaluoan ka bhi bakhoobi istemal karate haian. masalan rang-birange tikatoan se jahaan khoobasoorat gritiang kard banaye ja sakate haian, vahian inaki khoobasoorati ko phrem mean bhi qaid kiya ja sakata hai. bachapan se hi bachchoan ko filetali ke prati utsahit kar unako apani sanskriti, virasat evamh janajivan se jude any pahaluoan ke bare mean manoranjak roop se bataya ja sakata hai. dak vibhag varsh bhar mean jari sabhi tikatoan athava kisi thim vishesh ke dak tikatoan ko sametakar ek vishesh ‘staimp kalektars paik’ jari karata hai, jo aj ki vividhatapoorn duniya mean ek anootha upahar hai. isi prakar yadi koee apane kisi khas ko sarapraij gift dena chahata hai, to nyoonatam do sau rupaye se usake nam filetali jama khata khol sakata hai. dak vibhag dey mooly ke barabar rangin dak tikat, pratham divas avaran aur vivaranika us vyakti vishesh ke pate par har mah bina kisi atirikt mooly ke pahuanchata hai. vah dost bhi acharaj mean p d jayega ki us par itani khoobasoorat meharabani karane vala shakhs kaun ho sakata hai. aur to aur, dak-vibhag dvara san 1999 se prati varsh ayojit ‘dak tikat dijain pratiyogita’ ke vijeta ki dizain ko agale bal-divas par dak-tikat ke roop mean jari kiya jata hai. isi prakar 1998 se ayojit ‘dak tikat lokapriyata matadan’ mean prati varsh bhag lekar sarvottam dak tikatoan ka chunav kiya ja sakata hai. dak vibhag dvara dak tikatoan ke sath hi miniechar- shits bhi jari ki jati hai. isamean char dak tikatoan ki shriankhala ek sath jari hoti hai. ek hi shit par char alag-alag dak tikat ju de hote haian. yah shit tikat sangrahakartaoan ke lie hi vishesh roop se jari ki jati hai.^[3]

suandar aur upayogi vastuoan ka sangrah manav ka svabhav hai. har chiz ko sangrah karane mean maza hai aur har ek chiz ke sangrah ke sath kuchh n kuchh jnan prapt hota hai, lekin dak tikatoan ke sangrah ka maza kuchh aur hi hai. har dak tikat kisi n kisi vishay ki janakari deta hai, usake pichhe koee n koee janakari zaroor chhupi hoti hai. agar ham is chhupi huee kahani ko khoj sakean to yah hamari samane jnan ki rahasyamay duniya ka naya panna khol deta hai. isilie to dak tikatoan ka sangrah vishv ke sabase lokapriy shauq mean se ek hai. dak-tikatoan ka sangrah svabhavik roop se sikhane ko prerit karata hai, isalie ise 'prakritik shiksha-upakaran' kaha jata hai. dak-tikat kisi bhi desh ki virasat ki chitramay kahani haian. dak tikatoan ka ek sangrah vishvakosh ki tarah hai, jisake dvara ham anek deshoan ke itihas, bhoogol, sanskriti, ऎtihasik ghatanaean, bhashaean, mudraean, pashu-pakshi, vanaspatiyoan aur logoan ki jivanashaili evan desh ke maharathiyoan ke bare mean bahut sari janakari prapt kar sakate haian. samay ke sath jaise-jaise tikatoan ka prachalan badha tikat sangrah ka shauq bhi panapane laga. 1860 se 1880 ke bich bachchoan aur kishoroan ne tikatoan ka sangrah karana shuroo kar diya tha. doosari or anek vayask logoan mean bhi yah shauq panapane laga aur unhoanne tikatoan ko jama karana shuroo kiya, sanrakshit kiya, unake rekard rakhe aur un par shodh alekh prakashit kie. jaldi hi in sanrakshit tikatoan ka mooly badh gaya, kyoanki inamean se kuchh to aitihasik virasat ban ge the aur bahumooly ban ge the. gret briten ke bad any kee deshoan dvara dak-tikat jari kiye ge.

am janata ka shauk

1920 tak yah tikat sangrah ka shauq am janata tak pahuanchane laga. unako anupalabdh tatha bahumooly tikatoan ki janakari hone lagi aur log tikat sanbhalakar rakhane lage. naya tikat jari hota to use kharidane ke lie dakaghar par bhi d lagani shuroo ho jati thi.[[chitr:Bhutan-Stamps.jpg|200px|thumb|left|bhootan ka dak tikat]] lagabhag 50 varsho tak is shauq ka nasha jari raha. isi samay tikat sangrah ke shauq par adharit tikat bhi jari kie ge. jarmani ke tikat mean tikatoan ke shauqin ek vyakti ko tikat par aankit barik akshar avardhak leans (maigniphaiang glas) ki sahayata se padhate hue dikhaya gaya hai. avardhak leans tikat-sangrahakartaoan ka ek mahattvapoorn upakaran hai. yahi karan hai ki anek dak tikatoan ke sangrah se sanbandhit dak tikatoan mean ise dikhaya jata hai. hare rang ke 8 seant ke tikat ko amerika ke dak tikatoan ki 125vian varshagaanth ke avasar par 1972 mean jari kiya gaya tha. ek rupaye mooly ke dak tikat ko 1970 mean bharat ki rashtriy dak tikat pradarshani ke avasar par jari kiya gaya tha. isi prakar baangladesh ke tikone tikatoan ka jo da 1984 mean pahali baangladesh dak tikat pradarshani ke avasar par jari kiya gaya tha. kabhi kabhi dak tikatoan ke sath kuchh manoranjak batean bhi ju di hoti haian. udaharan ke lie yoo es ke tikat mean yoo es ka hi ek aur tikat tatha bharat ke tikat mean bharat ka hi ek aur tikat pradarshit kiya gaya hai. jab ki yoo es ke tikat mean dikhae ge donoan tikat svidan ke hai. is prakar ke manoranjak tathy dak tikatoan ke sangrah ko aur bhi manoranjak banate haian.

dak-tikatoan ka adan-pradan

[[chitr:TulsiStamp2.jpg|thumb|200px|tulasi ke paudhe par jari dak tikat]] 1940-1950 tak dak-tikatoan ke shauq ne desh-videsh ke logoan ko milana shuroo kar diya tha. tikat ikattha karane ke lie log patr-mitr banate the. apane desh ke dak-tikatoan ko doosare desh ke mitroan ko bhejate the aur doosare desh ke dak tikat mangavate the. patr-mitrata ke is shauq se dak-tikatoan ka adan pradan to hota hi tha, log vibhinn deshoan ke vishay mean anek ऎsi batean bhi janate the, jo kitaboan mean nahian likhi hoti haian. us samay tivi aur avagaman ke sadhan am n hone ke karan desh videsh ki janakari ka ye bahut hi rochak sadhan bane. patr-patrikaoan mean tikat se sanbandhit stanbh hote aur inake vishay mean bahut si janakariyoan ko jan samany tak pahuanchaya jata. patr-mitroan ke patoan ki lanbi soochiyaan bhi us samay ki patrikaoan mean prakashit ki jati thian. dhire dhire dak tikatoan ke sangrah ki vibhinn shailiyoan ka bhi janm hua. log ise apani jivan shaili, paristhitiyoan aur ruchi ke anusar anukoolit karane lage. is paranpara ke anusar kuchh log ek desh ya mahadvip ke dak-tikat sangrah karane lage to kuchh ek vishay se sanbandhit dak-tikat. aj anek log is prakar ki shailiyoan ka anukaran karate hue aur apani-apani pasand ke kisi vishesh vishay ke dak tikatoan ka sangrah karake anand uthate haian. vishayoan se sanbandhit dak tikatoan ke sangrah mean adhikaansh log pashu, pakshi, phal, phool, titaliyaan, khelakood, mahatma gaandhi, mahanubhavoan, pul, imaratean adi vishayoan aur duniya bhar ki ghatanaoan ke rangin aur suandar chitroan se saje dak tikatoan ko ekatrit karana pasand karate haian.

pratyek desh har sal bhinn bhinn vishayoan par dak-tikat jari karate haian aur janakari ka b da khazana vishv ko saup dete haian. is prakar kisi vishay mean gahari janakari prapt karane ke lie us vishay ke dak tikatoan ka sangrah karana ek rochak anubhav ho sakata hai. dak-tikat sangrah ka shauq har umr ke logoan ko manoranjan pradan karata hai. bachapan mean jnan evan manoranjan, vayaskoan mean anand aur tanav mukti tatha b di umr mean dimag ko sakriyata pradan karane vala isase rochak koee shauq nahian. is tarah sabhi pidhiyoan ke lie dak tikatoan ka sangrah ek prerak aur labhaprad abhiruchi hai.

tikatoan ke prakar

samanyatah log dak vibhag dvara jari niyat dak tikatoan ke bare mean hi janate haian. ye dak tikat vishesh roop se din-pratidin ki dak-avashyakataoan ke lie jari kie jate haian aur asimit avadhi ke lie vikray hetu rakhe jate haian. par isake alava dak vibhag kisi ghatana, sansthan, vishay-vastu, vanaspati v jiv-jantu tatha vibhootiyoan ke smaran mean bhi dak tikat bhi jari karata hai, jinhean smarak/vishesh dak tikat kaha jata hai.[[chitr:Bal-divas-stamp.jpg|thumb|200px|left|bal divas par dak tikat]] samanyataya ye simit sankhya mean mudrit kiye jate haian aur filetalik byooro/kauntar/pradhikrit dakagharoan se simit avadhi ke liye hi beche jate haian. niyat dak tikatoan ke viparit ye keval ek bar mudrit kiye jate haian, taki poore vishv mean chal rahi pratha ke anusar sangrahaniy vastu ke taur par inaka mooly sunishchit ho sake. parantu ye vartaman dak tikatoan ka atikraman nahian karate aur samanyataya inhean dak tikat sangrahakoan dvara apane apane sangrah ke lie kharida jata hai. in smarak/vishesh dak tikatoan ke sath ek ‘soochana vivaranika’ evan ‘pratham divas avaran’ ke roop mean ek chitratmak liphapha bhi jari kiya jata hai. isake alava dak vibhag vishesh prakar ki ‘sovayoonir-shitas’ bhi jari karata hai, jisamean ek hi siriz ke ya bahudha vibhinn dizain ke dak tikatoan ka sangrah hota hai. dak tikat sangrahak pratham divas avaran par lage dak tikat ko usi din ek vishesh muhar se viroopit karavate haian. is muhar par tikat ke jari hone ki tarikh aur sthan aankit hota hai. jahaan niyamit dak tikatoan ki chhapaee bar-bar hoti hai, vahian smarak dak tikat sirf ek bar chhapate haian. yahi karan hai ki vaqt bitane ke sath apani durlabhata ke chalate ve kafi moolyavan ho jate haian.^[4] bharat mean sanh 1852 mean jari pratham dak tikat (adhe ane ka siande dak) ki qimat aj qarib dhaee lakh rupaye aanki jati hai. kabhi-kabhi kuchh dak tikat dizain mean g dab di paye jane par bazar se vapas le kiye jate haian, aise mean un durlabh dak tikatoan ko filetalist muanhamaangi raqam par kharidane ko taiyar hote haian.

anokhe dak tikat

vishv ka sabase manhaga aur durlabhatam dak-tikat british guyana dvara san 1856 mean jari kiya gaya ek sent ka dak-tikat hai. gulabi kagaz par kale rang mean chhape, vishv mean ekamatr upalabdh is dak-tikat ko british guyana ke demeraira namak nagar mean san 1873 mean ek aangrez balak el. v aaughan ne raddi mean paya aur chhah shiliang mean nil mikakin aaun namak sangrahakarta ko bech diya. antatah kee hathoan se guzarate hue is dak-tikat ko nyooyark ki r aaubart saigal aaukshan gailerij ink dvara san 1981 mean 9,35,000 ameriki d aaular (lagabhag char karo d rupaye) mean nilam kar diya gaya. kharidadar ka nam abhi bhi gupt rakha gaya hai, kyoanki vishv ke is durlabhatam dak tikat hetu usaki hatya bhi ki ja sakati hai.

isi prakar bharat ke dak tikatoan mean bhi san 1854 mean jari char ane vale lithograph mean ek shit par maharani viktoriya ka sir tikatoan mean ulta chhap gaya, is truti ke chalate isaki qimat aj paanch lakh rupaye se bhi adhik hai. is prakar ke kul chaudah-pandrah trutipoorn dak tikat hi ab upalabdh haian. svatantrata ke bad san 1948 mean mahatma gaandhi par dedh ana, sadhe़ tin ana, barah ana aur das rupaye ke moolyoan mean jari dak tikatoan par tatkalin garvanar janaral chakravarti rajagopalachari ne gavarnament haus mean sarakari kam mean prayukt karane hetu ‘sarvis’ shabd chhapava diya. in alochanaoan ke bad ki kisi ki smriti mean jari dak tikatoan ke oopar ‘sarvis’ nahian chhapa jata, un tikatoan ko turant nasht kar diya gaya. par in do-tin dinoan mean jari sarvis chhape char dak tikatoan ke set ka mooly aj tin lakh rupaye se adhik hai. ek ghatanakram mean briten ke nyoo breanjavik rajy ke post mastar janaral ne dak tikat par svayan apana chitr chhapava diya. briten mean dak tikatoan par sirf vahaan ke raja aur rani ke chitr chhapate haian, aise mean tatkalin maharani viktoriya ne yah tathy sanjnan mean ate hi dak tikatoan ki chhapaee rukava di, par tab tak pachas dak tikat jari hokar bik chuke the. phalasvaroop durlabhata ke chalate in dak tikatoan ki qimat aj lakhoan mean hai.

anoothe prayog

kee deshoan ne to dak tikatoan ke kshetr mean nit naye anoothe prayog karane ki pahal ki hai. svitajaralaind dvara jari ek dak-tikat se ch aaukalet ki khushaboo ati hai to bhootan ne triayami ubhare huye riliph tikat, ispat ki patali panniyoan, resham, plastik aur sone ki chamakadar panniyoan vale dak tikat bhi jari kiye haian. yahi nahian, bhootan ne sugandhit aur bolane vale (chhote rikard ke roop mean) dak tikat bhi nikalakar apana sikka jamaya hai. san 1996 mean vishv ke pratham dak tikat ‘peni blaik’ ke samman mean bhootan ne 140 nyoo mooly varg mean 22 kairet sone ke ghol ke upayog vala dak tikat jari kiya tha, jo ab dularbh tikatoan ki shreni mean ata hai.

sugandhit dak tikat

10 aktoobar, 1985 ko 'bharatiy dak vibhag' ne apana pratham trikoniy dak tikat jari kiya to 'bharatiy rashtriy kaangres' ki shatabdi par 28 disambar, 1985 ko ek aisa dak tikat jari kiya, jisamean kul 61 vibhootiyoan ke chitr aankit haian. 20 agast, 1991 ko 'bharatiy dak vibhag' ne ab tak ka sabase b da dak tikat poorv pradhanamantri rajiv gaandhi par jari kiya. 'bharatiy dak vibhag' ne 13 disambar, 2006 ko 'chandan', 7 faravari, 2007 ko 'gulab' aur 26 aprail, 2008 ko 'joohi' ki khushaboo vale sugandhit dak tikat jari kiye haian, jo ki sal bhar tak sugandhit raheange. bharat se pahale matr char deshoan ne sugandhit dak tikat jari kiye haian. inamean svitajaralaind, thaeelaind v nyoojilaind ne kramashah chakalet, gulab v jaismin ki sugandh vale dak tikat jari kiye haian to bhootan ne bhi sugandhit dak tikat jari kiye haian.

sangrah hetu zaroori batean

aj vishv ke tamam deshoan dvara vibhinn vishay vastuoan par dak tikat jari kiye ja rahe haian. sabhi dak tikatoan ka sankalan n to sambhav hai aur n hi vyavaharik hi. dak tikat sangrah hetu zaroori hai-

kisi khas vishayavastu mean ya khas desh ya kshetr ke dak tikat sangrah karane mean apani ruchi ke anusar sangrah kiya jay.
dak tikat sangrah ka sabase asan tarika prapt patroan par lage dak tikat haian, jinaki apane mitroan se adala-badali bhi ki ja sakati hai.
avaran par se dak tikat ko ukha dane ya chhilane ki koshish n karean, varanh liphaphe se tikat vala hissa tho da hashiya dekar kat lean.
dak tikatoan ko sahej kar rakhane hetu bazar mean elabam bhi milate haian. dak tikatoan ko elabam mean lagane hetu qabza v chimati ka prayog karana chahie.
dak tikat ke aropan mean goand ka prayog n karean, kyoanki goand hamesha ke liye apake dak tikatoan ko kshatigrast kar dega.
kabje (karnas) chhote patale kagaz ke bane hote haian, jinake ek or goand laga hota hai. dak tikat ko pak dane ke lie chimati ka istemal karean, aanguliyoan se dak tikat maila ho jane ki sanbhavana rahati hai.
dak-tikatoan ka aropan karane se pahale apane sangrah ko chhaant lean. kshatigrast tikatoan ko nikal pheankane mean sankoch nahian karean.
achchhe dak-tikatoan ko thande pani ke bartan mean rakhean aur kuchh minatoan ke bad kagaz se dhire-dhire alag kar lean. bhigote samay kuchh dak-tikatoan par syahi phail sakati hai, aise dak-tikatoan ko alag se bhigona chahiye. chhu dae gaye dak-tikatoan ko chimati se utha lean aur unhean saf kagaz par muanh ke bal sookhane ke liye rakh dean. jaise-jaise ve sookheange, kabhi-kabhi unamean sankuchan ata jayega. sookhane ke bad unhean ek pustak mean kuchh ghantoan ke liye rakh dean.
apane dak-tikatoan ko chhaant lean aur jaise ap aropan karana chahate haian vaise hi prishthoan par laga dean. qabza ka qarib ek tihaee hissa mo d lean aur usaki nok ko bhigoan lean v ise dak-tikat ki pith par jo d dean.
dak-tikat par qabza j dane ke bad kabje ke doosare or ko halka se bhigo dean aur dak-tikat ko prishth ke uchit ‘elabam’ ke prishth graph-pepar, jo saman chhote-chhote vargoan mean vibhakt hote haian, par ap dak-tikatoan ko asani se aantar par rakh sakate haian.
pratyek tikat par ek chhota-sa vivaran bhi likhana achchha hoga. dak-tikatoan ke sangrah ke liye vivaran taiyar karana is shauq ka b da hi anandadayi pahaloo hai. vivaran mean dak tikat ke jari hone ki tarikh, avasar aur kalakar ka nam ityadi likha ja sakata hai.
khaka taiyar karane mean yah dhyan rakhean ki prishth dak-tikat se ya vivaran se zyada bhar n jaean. donoan ka santulan rahana chahiye.

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