ताजमहल
tajamahal
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vivaran | tajamahal mugal shasan ki sabase prasiddh smarak hai. safed sangamaramar ki yah kriti sansar bhar mean prasiddh hai aur paryatakoan ke akarshan ka mukhy kendr hai. |
rajy | uttar pradesh |
nagar | agara |
nirmata | mugal badashah shahajahaan |
nirman | sanh 1632 se 1653 ee. |
vastukar | ustad ahamad lahauri |
vastu shaili | mugal vashtukala |
prasiddhi | yoonesko dvara vishv virasat sthaloan ki soochi mean shamil hai. |
es.ti.di. kod | 0562 |
chitr:Map-icon.gif | googal manachitr |
sanbandhit lekh | buland daravaza, lal qila |
nirdeshaank | 27° 10′ 29.27″ uttar, 78° 2′ 31.6″ poorv |
vishesh | sanpoorn taj parisar ke nirman mean 22 varsh ka samay laga aur isamean char karo d rupaye kharch hue. bharat ke alava faras aur turki ke mazadoor bhi the. |
any janakari | tajamahal ki nianv ke prathyek kone se uthane vali char minarean maqabare ko paryapht santulan deti haian. yah minarean 41.6 mitar ooanchi haian aur in minaroan ko janaboojhakar bahar ki or halhka sa jhukav diya gaya hai taki yah minarean bhookanp jaisi durghatana mean maqabare par n gir kar bahar ki or girean. |
tajamahal (aangrezi: Tajmahal, nirman- sanh 1632 se 1653 ee.) agara, uttar pradesh rajy, bharat mean sthit hai. tajamahal agara shahar ke bahari ilake mean yamuna nadi ke dakshini tat par bana hua hai. tajamahal mugal shasan ki sabase prasiddh smarak hai. safed sangamaramar ki yah kriti sansar bhar mean prasiddh hai aur paryatakoan ke akarshan ka mukhy kendr hai. tajamahal vishhv ke sat ashhcharyoan mean se ek hai. tajamahal ek mahanh shasak ka apani priy rani ke prati prem ka adbhut shahakar hai. tajamahal ka sabase manamohak aur suandar drishhy poornima ki rat ko dikhaee deta hai.
itihas
mugal badashah shahajahaan ne tajamahal ko apani patni arjumand bano begam, jinhean mumataz mahal bhi kaha jata tha, ki yad mean banavaya tha. tajamahal ko shahajahaan ne mumataz mahal ki qabr ke oopar banavaya tha. mrityu ke bad shahajahaan ko bhi vahian dafanaya gaya. mumataz mahal ke nam par hi is maqabare ka nam tajamahal p da. sanh 1612 ee. mean nikah ke bad 1631 mean prasooti ke dauran burahanapur mean mrityu hone tak arjumand shahajahaan ki abhinn sangini bani rahian. mumataz mahal ke rahane ke lie divangat rani ke nam par mumataza bad banaya gaya, jise ab taj ganj kahate haian aur yah bhi isake nazadik nirmit kiya gaya tha. tajamahaj mugal vashtukala ka uthkrishht namoona hai. tajamahal ke nirman mean farasi, turk, bharatiy tatha ishlamik vashtukala ka suandar sammishran kiya gaya hai. 1983 ee. mean tajamahal ko yooneshko vishhv dharohar shthal ghoshit kiya gaya. tajamahal ko bharat ki ishlami kala ka ratn bhi ghoshit kiya gaya hai. tajamahal ka shhvet gumhbad evan tail akar mean sangamaramar se dhaka kenhdriy maqabara vashtu sauandary ka apritam udaharan hai.[1]
sanrachana
tajamahal 580×305 mitar ke ayatakar bhookhand par bana hua hai aur uttar-dakshin ki or sanrekhit hai. tajamahal ke bhookhand ke madhy mean chaukor bagicha hai, jisaki har bhuja ki lambaee 305 mitar hai. yah bagicha uttar tatha dakshin mean do chhote ayatakar khandoan se ghira hai. dakshini ayatakar khand mean parisar aur paricharakoan ki imarat mean ane ke lie balua patthar se bana praveshadvar hai. uttari ayatakar khand yamuna nadi ke kinare tak pahuanchata hai. yahaan sarvadhik mahattvapoorn bhavan haian, jaise vikhyat maqabara, jisake pashchimi aur poorvi parshv mean ek jaise do bhavan, masjid aur javab (pratyuttar ya sauandaryabodh ko santulit rakhane vala bhavan) haian. isake asapas ooanchi charadivari hai, jisake konoan par ashtakoniy mandap haian, jisamean kangoore nikale haian. yah charadivari uttari khand tatha bagiche ke madhy bhag ko ghere hue hai. dakshin mean astabal tatha paharedaroan ke kaksh haian. sanpoorn parisar ki yojana aur nirman samagrata ke sath kiya gaya, kyoanki mugalakalin bhavan-nirman karyoan mean bad mean kisi tarah ke jo d-to d ka rivaj nahian tha. [[chitr:Tajmahal-04.jpg|thumb|300px|left|tajamahal, agara]]
maqabara sat mitar ooanche sangamaramar ke chabootare par bana hai, jisamean char ek jaise khaanchedar praveshadvar haian aur ek vishal meharab hai, jisaki ooanchaee pratyek phalak par 33 mitar hai. isake ooanche belanakar adhar par tike lattoonuma chhote guanbad se milakar sanrachana poori ho jati hai. maqabare ke shirshoan ka samanjasy har meharab ke oopar muander v kalash aur har kone par chhatarinuma guanbad ke dvara baithaya gaya hai. chabootare ke charoan konoan par ek-ek timanzali minar bani hai. maqabare ka sangamaramar ekadam chikana tarasha hua hai, jabaki minaroan mean eeant shaili mean isaka istemal hua hai. maqabare ke bhitar ashtakoniy kaksh hai, jo kam alankrit aur badhiya pietra dura se bana hai.
nirman
tajamahal ka nirman sanh 1632 ke asapas shuroo hua tha. bharat, faras, madhy eshiya aur any mulkoan ke vastuvidoan ki ek parishad ne is imarat ke nirman ki ek yojana taiyar ki thi. lagabhag 1653 mean tajamahal ka kam poora hone tak 20 hazar se bhi adhik shramik aur karigar pratidin tajamahal ke nirman mean jute rahe. tajamahal ke asapas ki divar tatha mukhy dvar 1649 mean bane the. sanpoorn taj parisar ke nirman mean 22 varsh ka samay laga aur isamean char karo d rupaye kharch hue. bharat ke alava faras aur turki ke mazadoor bhi the. taj ki apani ek alag ada hai jo darshakoan ko apani or khianch leti hai. shahajahaan ne ise banane valoan ke hath katava diye the. is smarak ka naqsha bharatiy vastukar eesa ne banaya tha. kuchh logoan ka anuman hai ki naqsha banane mean itali athava phraans ke vastukar ki bhi madad li gee thi.[2]
vastukar
[[chitr:Tajmahal-24.jpg|thumb|300px|tajamahal, agara]] tajamahal ke nirmanakaroan mean kuchh nirmanakar pramukh haian. tajamahal ka keli graphar amanat khan shiraji the. maqabare ke paththar par ibaratean kavi gayasuddin ne likhi haian, jabaki tajamahal ke gumhbad ka nirman ishmail khan afaridi ne tarki se akar kiya. tajamahal ke mistriyoan ka adhikshak muhamhmad hanif tha. tajamahal ke vastukar ka nam ushtad ahamad lahauri tha.
samagri
tajamahal ki samagri poore bharat aur madhhy eshiya se laee gee thi. 1000 hathiyoan ke be de ki sahayata is samagri ko nirman shthal tak lane mean li gee. tajamahal ka kenhdriy gumhbad 187 phit ooancha hai. tajamahal ka lal seand shton phatehapur sikari, panjab ke jasaper, chin se jed aur krishtal, tibbat se tarkoish yani nila paththar, shrilanka se lepis lajuli aur sephayar, arab se koyala aur korneliyan tatha panhna se hire lae ge. tajamahal mean kul milakar 28 prakar ke durlabh, moolhyavan aur ardh moolhyavan paththar tajamahal ki naqqashi mean upayog kie ge the. mukhhy bhavan samagri, safed sangamaramar zila nagaur, rajasthan ke makarana ki khanoan se laya gaya tha. [[chitr:Tajmahal-agra.jpg|thumb|left|tajamahal, agara]]
pravesh dvar
tajamahal ka mukhhy pravesh dakshin dvar se hai. yah pravesh dvar 151 phit lamhba aur 117 phit chau da hai tatha is pravesh dvar ki ooanchaee 100 phit hai. paryatak yahaan mukhhy pravesh dvar ke bagal mean bane chhote dvaroan se mukhhy parisar mean pravesh karate haian.
mukhhy dvar
tajamahal ka mukhhy dvar lal seand shton se banaya hua hai. yah mukhy dvar 30 mitar ooancha hai. is mukhy dvar par arabi lipi mean quran ki ayatean tarashi gee haian. is mukhy dvar ke oopar hinhdoo shaili ka chhote gumhbad ke akar ka mandap hai aur athyant bhavhy pratit hota hai. [[chitr:Tajmahal-7.jpg|thumb|300px|left|tajamahal pravesh dvar , agara]] is pravesh dvar ki ek mukhhy visheshata yah hai ki akshar lekhan yahaan se saman akar ka pratit hota hai. ise tarashane valoan ne itani kushalata se tarasha hai ki b de aur lamhbe akshar ek akar ka hone jaisa bhram uthpanhn karate haian. yahaan char bag ke roop mean bhali bhaanti taiyar kie ge 300×300 mitar ke udyan haian jo paidal rashte ke donoan or phaile hue haian. isake madhhy mean ek manch hai jahaan se paryatak taj ki tashvirean le sakate haian.[[chitr:Tajmahal-17.jpg|thumb|300px|tajamahal, agara]]
taj sangrahalay
tajamahal ke manch ki bayian or taj sangrahalay hai. yahaan mool chitroan mean us bariki ko dekha ja sakata hai ki vashtukala mean is shmarak ki yojana kis prakar banaee. is imarat ko banane mean 22 varsh ka samay lagega vashtukar ne yah bhi aandaja lagaya tha. is bariki se aandarooni hishse ke arekh qabroan ki sthiti darshate haian ki qabroan ke pair ki or vala hishsa darshakoan ko kisi bhi kon se dikhaee de sake.
masjid
lal seand shton se bani huee ek masjid taj ki bayian or hai. ishlam dharm ki ek am bat yah hai ki maqabare ke pas ek masjid ka nirman kiya jata hai, khyoanki isase us hishse ko ek pavitrata niti aur pooja ka shthan milata hai. is masjid ko ab bhi shukarane ki namaz ke lie upayog kiya jata hai.
jabab
ek dam saman masjid taj ki dayian or bhi banaee gee hai aur ise javab kahate haian. yahaan namaz ada nahian ki jati khyoanki yah pashchim ki or hai arthath makka ke viparit, jo muslimoan ka pavitr dharmik shahar hai. ise samamiti banae rakhane ke lie nirmit karaya gaya tha.
saj-sajhja
tajamahal ek ooanche manch par banaya gaya hai. tajamahal ki nianv ke prathyek kone se uthane vali char minarean maqabare ko paryapht santulan deti haian. yah minarean 41.6 mitar ooanchi haian aur in minaroan ko janaboojhakar bahar ki or halhka sa jhukav diya gaya hai taki yah minarean bhookanp jaisi durghatana mean maqabare par n gir kar bahar ki or girean. tajamahal ka vishalakay gumhbad asadharan roop se b de dram par tika hai aur isaki kul ooanchaee 44.41 mitar hai. is dram ke adhar se shirsh tak shtoopika hai. isake konoan ke bavazood kenhdriy gumhbad madhhy mean hai. yah adhar aur pravesh dvar ki or khulane vali dohari sidhiyaan maqabare par pahuanchane ka keval ek biandu hai. yahaan aandar jane ke lie joote nikalane hote haian ya ap jootoan par ek kavar laga sakate haian jo is prayojan ke lie yahaan upasthit karmachariyoan dvara apako die jate haian. [[chitr:Tajmahal-13.jpg|thumb|300px|tajamahal, agara]]
taj ki aantarik sajhja
tajamahal ke aantarik hishse mean ek vishal kenhdriy kaksh, isake tathkal niche ek tahakhana hai aur isake niche shahi parivaroan ke sadashyoan ki qabroan ke lie moolat: ath konoan vale char kaksh haian. is kaksh ke madhhy mean shahajahaan aur mumataz mahal ki qabrean haian. shahajahaan ki qabr baaneean aur apani priy rani ki qabr se kuchh ooanchaee par hai jo gumhbad ke thik niche sthit hai. jis par pahale qimati patthar j de hue the. bagiche ki satah se niche ek tahakhane mean vastavik taboot maujood haian. mumataz mahal ki qabr par parshiyan mean quran ki ayatean likhi haian. is qabr par ek paththar laga hai jis par likha hai- marakad munavhvar arjumad bano begam mukhatib bah mumataz mahal taniphiyat pharr sanah 1404 hijari.[3]
shahajahaan ki qabr par parshiyan mean likha hai -
marakad muhatahar ali hajarat firadaus ashiyani sahib- quran sani sani shahajahaan badashah tab surah sanah 1076 hijari.[4]
is qabr ke oopar ek laimhp hai, jisaki jhvala kabhi samapht nahian hoti hai. qabroan ke charoan or sangamaramar ki jaliyaan bani hai. donoan qabrean ardh moolhyavan rathnoan se sajaee gee haian. imarat ke aandar dhhvani ka niyantran athyant uttam hai, jisake aandar quran aur sangitakaroan ki shvar lahariyaan pratidhhvanit hoti rahati haian. aisa kaha jata hai ki joote pahanane se pahale apako qabr ka ek chakhkar lagana chahie taki ap ise sabhi or se nihar sakean.[5]
tajamahal par kavita
kaimara lekar tajamahal jaie, is rachana ke anusar foto khianchie, traansperaiansiz banavaie, slaid projaiktar par sabako dikhaie, sath mean natakiy kaushal se kavita sunaie. ye sab n karean to itana kijie, kalpana mean anand lijie.[6]
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vithika
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- chitr:Tajmahal-In-The-Rains.jpg
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ tajamahal (hindi) yatra salah. abhigaman tithi: 12 aktoobar, 2010.
- ↑ tajamahal (hindi) vikimepiya. abhigaman tithi: 12 aktoobar, 2010.
- ↑ yahaan arjumand bano begam, jinhhean mumataz mahal kahate haian, sthit haian jinaki maut 1904 AH ya 1630 AD ko huee
- ↑ is sarvottam uchhch maharaja, shvarg ke nivasi, taroan mandaloan ke doosare malik, badashah shahajahaan ki pavitr qabr is maqabare mean hamesha phalati phoolati rahe, 1607 AH (1666 AD
- ↑ tajamahal (hindi) bharat ki adhikarik vebasait. abhigaman tithi: 12 aktoobar, 2010.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 chakradhar, ashok (2008) rang jama lo. dayamand p aauket buks (pra.) li.. 81-7182-958-9.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh