तानसेन

tanasen
tanasen|200px|center
poora nam	ramatanu pandey
any nam	tanna urph tanasukh urph trilochan
janm	1504 se 1509 ee. ke bich
janm bhoomi	gram behat, gvaliyar
mrityu	1585 ee.
mrityu sthan	dilli
abhibhavak	shri makarand paande
karm-kshetr	sangitajn
mukhy rachanaean	'sangitasar', 'ragamala' aur 'shriganesh stotr'.
vishay	sangit
nagarikata	bharatiy

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sangit samrat tanasen (janm- sanvat 1563, behat gram; mrityu- sanvat 1646) ki ganana bharat ke mahanh gayakoan, mugal sangit ke sangitakaroan evan behatarin sangitajnoan mean ki jati hai. tanasen ka nam akabar ke pramukh sangitajnoan ki soochi mean sarvopari hai. tanasen darabari kalakaroan ka mukhiya aur samrat ke navaratnoan mean se ek tha. is par bhi usaka pramanik jivan-vrittaant ajnat hai. yadyapi kavy-rachana ki drishti se tanasen ka yogadan vishesh mahattvapoorn nahian kaha ja sakata, parantu sangit aur kavy ke sanyog ki drishti se, jo bhaktikalin kavy ki ek bahut b di visheshata thi, tanasen sahity ke itihas mean avashy ullekhaniy hai. usake jivan ki adhikaansh ghatanaean kianvadantiyoan evan anushrutiyoan par adharit haian. prasiddh krishna-bhakt svami haridas inake diksha-guru kahe jate haian. "chaurasi vaishnavan ki varta" mean soor se inake bheant ka ullekh hua hai. "do sau bavan vaishnavan ki varta" mean gosaee vitthalanath se bhi inake bheant karane ki charcha milati hai.

prachin dharoharoan ki raksha

tanasen apani divy prabha phailakar bharatiy sangit ke gaganaangan par uday huye aur chale gaye. hamare desh mean tanasen bharatiy sangit ke vah soory the ki jinake sangit prakash ne ek apoorv abha phailaee. dhruvapad gayaki hamare desh ki prachin gayaki hai aur tanasen is gayaki ke shirsh gayak the. tanasen aur unake sangit ke sanbandh mean aj bhi gahan shodh ki avashyakata hai. bharatiy sangit ko aj ke samay ke sangit, disko, p aaup se bachakar rakhane ki avashyakata hai. hamean apane prachin sangit ki raksha karani hogi kyoanki hamari pahachan hamari sanskriti se hi hogi. yah bahut avashyak hai ki ham apani prachin dharoharoan ki raksha karean.

jivan parichay

tanasen ki jivani ke sambandh mean bahut kam aisa vritt jnat hai, jise poorn pramanik kaha ja sake. bharatiy sangit ke prasiddh gayak tanasen ka janm muhammad gaus namak ek siddh faqir ke ashirvad se gvaliyar se sat mil door ek chhote-se gaanv behat mean sanvat 1563 mean vahaan ke ek brahman kul mean hua tha. inake pita ka nam makarand paande tha. paandity aur sangit-vidya mean lokapriy hone ke sath-sath makarand paande ko dhan-dhany bhi yathesht roop se prapt tha. tanasen ki mata poorn sadhvi v karmanishth thian. tanasen ka palan-poshan b de la d-pyar se hua. ekamatr santan hone ke karan inake maan-bap ne kisi prakar ka kathor niyantran bhi nahian rakha.

mool nam

tanasen ka mool nam kya tha, yah nishchay poorvak kahana kathin hai, kianvadantiyoan ke anusar unhean tanna, trilochan, tanasukh, athava ramatanu batalaya jata hai. tanasen inaka nam nahian inaki upadhi thi, jo tanasen ko baandhavagadh ke raja ramachandr se prapt huee thi. vah upadhi itani prasiddh huee ki usane inake mool nam ko hi lupt kar diya. inaka janm-sanvath bhi vivadagrast hai. hindi sahity mean inake janm ki sanvat 1588 ki prasiddhi hai kiantu kuchh vidvanoan ne sanvat 1563 mana hai. tanasen ke madhur kanth aur gayan shaili ki khyati sunakar 1562 ee. ke lagabhag akabar ne unhean apane darabar mean bula liya. abul fajal ne 'aina-e-akabari' mean likha hai ki akabar ne jab pahali bar tanasen ka gana suna to prasann hokar puraskar mean do lakh take die. tanasen ke kee putr the, aur ek putri thi. putroan mean tanatarang khaan, suratisen aur vilas khaan ke nam prasiddh haian. unake putroan evan shishyoan ke dvara "hindustani sangit" ki b di unnati huee thi.

sangit shiksha

tanasen ke aranbhik kal mean gvaliyar par kalapriy raja manasianh tomar ka shasan tha. unake protsahan se gvaliyar sangit kala ka vikhyat kendr tha, jahaan par baijoobavara, karn aur mahamood jaise mahanh sangitachary aur gayak gan ekatr the, aur inhian ke sahayog se raja manasianh tomar ne sangit ki dhrupad gayaki ka avishkar aur prachar kiya tha. tanasen ko sangit ki shiksha gvaliyar mean vahaan ke kalavidh raja manasianh tomar ke kisi vikhyat sangitachary se prapt huee thi. gaus muhammad ko usaka sangit-guru batalana apramanit siddh ho gaya hai. us soophi sant ke prati inaki shraddha bhavana rahi ho, yah sanbhav jan p data hai.

gvaliyar rajy ka patan ho jane par vahaan ke sangitacharyoan ki mandali bikharane lagi thi. us paristhiti mean tanasen ko gvaliyar mean uchch shiksha prapt karana sanbhav jnat nahian hua. vah vriandavan chale ge the, jahaan usane sanbhavatah svami haridas ji se sangit ki uchch shiksha prapt ki thi. vallabh sanpradayi varta ke anusar tanasen ne apane uttar jivan mean ashtachhap ke sangitacharya goviandasvami se bhi kirtan paddhati ka gayan sikha tha.

ashcharyajanak pratibha

tanasen das varsh ki avastha tak poornaroopen svatantr, sailani v natakhat prakriti ke ho ge the. is bich inake andar ek ashcharyajanak pratibha dekhi gee, vah thi avazoan ki hoo-b-hoo naqal karana. kisi bhi pashu-pakshi ki avaz ki naqal kar lena inaka khel tha. sher ki boli bolakar apane bag ki rakhavali karane mean inhean b da maza aya karata tha.

ek din vrindavan ke mahanh sangitakar sannyasi svami haridas ji apani shishy-mandali ke sath ukt bag mean hokar guzare, to balak "tanna" ne ek pe d ki a d mean chhupakar sher jaisi daha d lagaee. dar ke mare sab logoan ke dam phool gaye svami ji ko us sthan par sher rahane ka vishvas nahian hua aur turant khoj ki. unhean daha data hua balak mil gaya. balak ke is qautuk par svami ji b de prasann hue. unhoanne jab any pashu-pakshiyoan ki avaz bhi balak se suni, to mugdh ho ge aur usake pitaji se balak ko sangit-shiksha dene ke nimitt maang-kar apane sath hi vridavan le ae. guru ki kripa se 10 varsh ki avadhi mean hi balak tanna dhurandhar gayak ban gaya aur yahian se isaka nam "tanna" ki bajay "tanasen" ho gaya. guruji ka ashirvad pakar tanasen gvaliyar laut ae. isi samay inake pitaji ki mrityu ho gee. mrityu se poorv pita ne tanasen ko upadesh diya ki tumhara janm muhammad gaus namak faqir ki kripa se hua hai isalie tumhare sharir par poorn adhikar usi faqir ka hai. apani zindagi mean us faqir ki ajna ki kabhi avahelana mat karana. pita ka upadesh manakar tanasen faqir muhammad gaus ke pas a ge. faqir sahab ne tanasen ko apana uttaradhikari banakar apana atul vaibhav adi sab kuchh unhean sauanp diya aur ab tanasen gvaliyar mean hi rahane lage.

vivah

tanasen ka parichay raja manasianh ki vidhava patni rani mriganayani se hua. rani mriganayani bhi b di madhur tatha vidushi gayika thian. ve tanasen ka gayan sun kar bahut prabhavit hueean. unhoanne apane sangit-mandir mean shiksha pane vali husaini brahmani namak ek sumadhur gayika l daki ke sath tanasen ka vivah kar diya. husaini ka vastavik nam premakumari tha. husaini ke pita sarasvat brahman the, kiantu bad mean yah aparivar muslim dharm mean dikshit ho ge. premakumari ka islami nam husaini rakha gaya. brahmani kanya hone ke karan sabhi use husaini brahmani kahakar pukarate the, isi se tanasen ka gharana 'husaini gharana' kaha jane laga tha.

sangit kala ke sanskar

vivah ke pashchath tanasen punah apane guru ji ke ashram (vrindavan) mean shiksha prapt karane pahuanche. isi samay faqir muhammad gaus ka aantim samay nikat a gaya. phalasvaroop guru ji ke adesh par tanasen ko turant gvaliyar vapas ana p da. faqir sahab ki mrityu ho gee aur tanasen ek vishal sanpatti ke adhikari ban ge. vah gvaliyar mean rahakar anandapoorvak grihasth-jivan vyatit karane lage. tanasen ke char putr aur ek putri ka janm hua. putroan ka nam- suratasen, tarangasen, sharatasen, aur vilas khaan tatha l daki ka nam sarasvati rakha gaya. tanasen ki sabhi santanean sangit-kala ke sanskar lekar paida hueean. sabhi bachche utkrisht kalakar hue.

sangit-sadhana poorn hone ke bad sarvapratham tanasen ko riva-naresh ramachandr (rajaram) apane darabar mean le ge. inhian dinoan tanasen ka saubhagy-soory chamak utha. maharaja ne tanasen jaise durlabh ratn ko badashah akabar ko bheant kar kar diya. sanh 1556 ee. mean tanasen akabar ke darabar mean dilli ge. badashah aise amooly ratn ko pakar atyant prasann hua aur tanasen ko usane apane navaratnoan mean sammilit kar liya.

jivikoparjan

sangit kala mean parangat hone par tanasen ko jivikoparjan ki chianta huee. aisa jnat hota hai, vah sarvapratham sulatan islamashah soor ke sneh-patr daulatakhaan ke ashray raha tha. usi samay vah muhammad adilashah (adali) soor ke sanpark mean aya tha, jisaki sangitajnata ke karan use vah guruvath manata tha. soori saltanat ki samapti hone par vah baandhavagadh ke raja ramachandr ki sangit-priyata aur gun-grahakata ki khyati sun kar usake darabar mean chala gaya tha. baandhav-naresh ne unhean b de adar poorvak rakha. vahaan par unhean vipul dhan-vaibhav tatha adar-samman prapt hua, aur unaki vyapak prasiddhi huee. sanvat 1620 mean use samrat akabar ne apane darabar mean bula liya tha. us samay usaki ayu 50 varsh se kuchh adhik thi. phir vah apane dehavasan kal tak akabar ke ashray mean hi raha tha.[[chitr:tansen.jpg|thumb|right|gvaliyar mean tanasen ka makabara]]

musalaman hone ki kianvadanti

hindoo kul mean janm lene par bhi bad mean tanasen ke musalaman hone ki kianvadanti prachalit hai. kiantu isaka samarthan kisi bhi samakalin itihasakar ke granth se nahian hota hai. aisa jan p data hai, inaka musalamanoan ke sath adhik sanpark aur sahavas tatha unake khan-pan ki svachchhata ke karan us samay roodhivadi hinduoan ne unaka vahishkar kar unhean musalaman ghoshit kar diya tha. vah kabhi musalaman hue ho, isaka koee praman nahian milata hai. tanasen ki mrityu hone par usaki shavayatra ka jaisa varnan abul fajal ne kiya hai, usase siddh hota hai ki vah apane aantim kal tak bhi hindoo rahe the.

tanasen ke vanshajoan ne avashy musalamani mazahab svikar kar liya tha. unaki vansh-paranpara mean kuchh nam hinduoan ke se milate haian aur unamean hinduoan ki si kee ritirivajean prachalit haian. inase samajha ja sakata hai ki musalaman ho jane par bhi ve apane poorvajoan ki hindoo paranpara ka poornataya parityag nahian kar sake the.

akabaranama ke anusar

'akabaranama' ke anusar tanasen ki mrityu akabari shasan mean 34vean varsh arthath sanvat 1646 mean agara mean huee thi. unaka sanskar bhi sanbhavatah vahian par yamuna tat par kiya gaya hoga. kalaantar mean unake janmasthan gvaliyar mean smarak svaroop unaki samadhi unake shraddha-bhajan gaus muhammad ke maqabare ke samip banaee gee, jo ab bhi vidyaman hai. tanasen ki ayu usaki mrityu ke samay 83 varsh ke lagabhag thi. aur vah prayah 26 varsh tak akabari darabar mean sanbaddh raha tha. usake kee putr the, ek putri thi aur anek shishy the. putroan mean tanatarang khaan, suratasann aur vilas khaan, ke nam se prasiddh haian. putroan mean tanatarang khaan, aur shishyoan mean miyaan chaand ke nam akabar ke pramukh darabari sangitajnoan mean milate haian.

rachanaean

naye ragoan ka avishkar

tanasen gvaliyar paranpara ki moorchchhana paddhati ke evan dhrupad shaili ke vikhyat gayak aur kee ragoan ke visheshajn the. inako braj ki kirtan paddhati ka bhi paryapt jnat tha. sath hi vah eerani sangit ki mukam paddhati se bhi parichit the. un sab ke samanvay se usane anek naye ragoan ka avishkar kiya tha, jinamean "miyaan ki malar" adhik prasiddh hai. tanasen ke gayan ki prashansa mean kee chamatkarapoorn kianvadantiyaan prachalit haian, kiantu unaki pramanikata sandigdh hai.

dhrupadoan ki rachana

tanasen gayak hone ke sath hi kavi bhi the. usane apane gan ke lie svayan bahusankhyak dhrupadoan ki rachana ki thi. unamean se anek dhrupad sangit ke vividh granthoan mean aur kalavantoan ke purane gharanoan mean surakshit haian. tanasen ke nam se "sangit-sar aur "rag-mala" namak do granth bhi milate haian.

granth "sangit-samrat tanasen" mean usake rache hue 288 dhrupadoan ka sankalan hai. ye dhrupad vividh vishayoan se sanbandhit haian. isake atirikt unake granth "sangatidar" aur "ragamala" bhi sankalit haian. yahaan par tanasen krit "krishna lila" ke kuchh dhrupad udaharanartha prastut haian-

palana-jhoolan-

hamare lala ke surang khilauna, khelat, khelat krishna kanhaiya.
agar-chandan kau palana banyau hai, hira-lal-javahar j daiya॥
bhanvari-bhanvara, chatta-batta, hans-chakor, aroo mor-chiraiya॥
tanasen prabhu jasomati jhulavai, dooo kar let balaiya.

go-charan-

dhauri-dhrumar, piyari-kajar kahi-kahi teanrai.
mor mukat sis, stravan kuandal kati mean pitaanbar pahirai॥ gval-bal sab sakha sang ke, lai avat braj nairai.
"tanasen" prabhu mukh raj lapatani jasumati nirakhi mukh hai rai.

aju hari liyai anahili gaiya, ek hi lakuti soan haanki॥
jyoan-jyoan roki mohan tum soee, tyoan-tyoan anurag hiyan dekhat mukhaan ki.
ham jo manavat kahooan toom manat, ve batiyaan gadhi b aauki॥
trin nahian charat, bachhara nahian chaukhat ki,
ham kaha janai, ko hai kahaan ki.
tanasen prabhu vegi daras dijai sab mantar padhi aanki॥

pratham uth bhorahi radhe-kishan kaho man, jasoan hovai sab siddh kaj.
ihi lok paralok ke svami, dhyan dharau brajaraj॥
patit uddharan jan pratipalan, dinadayal nam let jay du:kh bhaj.
"tanasen" prabhu koan sumaroan pratahian, jag mean rahai teri laj॥
murali bajavai, apan gavai, nain nyare nanchavai, tiyan ke man koan rijhavai.
door-door avai panaghat, kahu ke dhatan duravai, rasana prem janavai॥
mohini moorat, saanvati soorat, dekhat hi man lalachavai.
"tanasen" ke prabhu tum bahunayak, sabahiann ke man bhavai॥

asim sanbhavanaean nihit

har yug ek mahanh gayak hua karata hai. tanasen sirph ek mahanh gayak hi nahian balki ek mahanh sangitashastri evan ragoan ke rachayita bhi the. jati evan ragoan ki prachin manyataoan ko to d kar naye prayogoan ki paranpara ko prarambh karane mean ve agrani the. bharatiy sangit mean svaralipi ki koee paddhati nahian hone ke karan prachin gayakoan ki svararachana ko janane ka koee sadhan nahian hai. sangit ke kshetr mean aj bhi tanasen ka prabhav jivit hai. usaka karan hai ‘‘miyaan ki malhar’’ ‘‘darabari kanada’’ aur ‘‘miyaan ki to di’’ jaisi maulik svar rachanaoan ka sadabahar akarshan. us samay ke lokapriy rag dhrupad ki samriddhata ka karan bhi tanasen ki pratibha hi thi.

tanasen ke dipak rag se dip ke jal uthane evan rag megh-malhar se varsha hone ki kianvadantiyoan ke aitihasik praman bhale hi n hoan, kintu unamean is satyata ka aansh zaroor hai ki agar tanasen jaisa mahanh gayak ho to sangit mean asim sanbhavanaean nihit haian.

akabar ke navaratn

akabar ke navaratnoan tatha mugalakalin sangitakaroan mean tanasen ka nam param-prasiddh hai. yaddhapi kavy-rachana ki drishti se tanasen ka yogadan vishesh mahattvapoorn nahian kaha ja sakata, parantu sangit aur kavy ke sanyog ki drishti se, jo bhaktikalin kavy ki ek bahut b di visheshata thi, tanasen sahity ke itihas mean avashy ullekhaniy hai. tanasen akabar ke navaratnoan mean se ek the. ek bar akabar ne unase kaha ki vo unake guru ka sangit sunana chahate haian. guru haridas to akabar ke darabar mean a nahian sakate the. lihaza isi nidhi van mean akabar haridas ka sangit sunane ae. haridas ne unhean krishna bhakti ke kuchh bhajan sunae the. akabar haridas se itane prabhavit hue ki vapas jakar unhoanne tanasen se akele mean kaha ki ap to apane guru ki tulana mean kahian as-pas bhi nahian hai. phir tanasen ne javab diya ki jahaanpanah ham is zamin ke badashah ke lie gate haian aur hamare guru is brahmaand ke badashah ke lie gate haian to farq to hoga n.

rachanaean

tanasen ke nam ke sanbandh mean mataiky nahian hai. kuchh ka kahana hai ki 'tanasen' unaka nam nahian, unakoan mili upadhi thi. tanasen maulik kalakar the. ve svar-tal mean gitoan ki rachana bhi karate the. tanasen ke tin granthoan ka ullekh milata hai-

1. 'sangitasar',
2. 'ragamala' aur
3. 'shriganesh stotr'.

dipak rag

yah tanasen ka shauryakal tha. badashah ka atoot sneh aur samman pakar tanasen ki yash-pataka unmukt hokar laharane lagi. akabar tanasen ke sangit ka gulam ban gaya. kala-parakhi akabar tanasen ki sangit-madhuri mean doob gaya. badashah par tanasen ka aisa pakka rang savar dekh kar doosare darabari gayak jalane lage aur ek din unhoanne tanasen ke vinash ki yojana bana dali. kianvadanti hai ki ye sab log badashah ke pas pahuanchakar kahane lage- "huzoor, hamean tanasen se 'dipak' rag sunavaya jae aur ap bhi sunean. isako tanasen ke alava aur koee thik-thik nahian ga sakata." badashah razi ho ge. tanasen dvara is rag ka anishtakarak parinam batae jane aur lakh mana karane par bhi akabar ka rajahat nahian tala aur use dipak rag gana hi p da. rag jaise-hi shuroo hua, garmi badhi v dhire-dhire vayumandal agnimay ho gaya. sunane vale apane-apane pran bachane ko idhar-udhar chhip ge, kiantu tanasen ka sharir agni ki jvala se jal utha. usi samay tanasen apane ghar bhage. vahaan unaki l daki tatha ek gurubhagini ne megh rag gakar unake jivan ki raksha ki. is ghatana ke kee mas pashchath tanasen ka sharir svasth hua. akabar bhi apani galati par bahut pachhataya.

chamatkari ghatanaean

yah kaha jata hai ki tanasen ke jivan mean pani barasane, jangali pashuoan ko mantr- mugdh karane tatha rogiyoan ko thik karane adi ki anek sangit-pradhan chamatkari ghatanaean hueean. yah nirvivad saty hai ki guru-kripa se unhean bahut-si rag-raganiyaan siddh thian. aur us samay desh mean tanasen jaisa doosara koee sangitajn nahian tha. tanasen ne vyaktigat roop se kee ragoan ka nirman bhi kiya, jinamean darabari kanh da, miyaan ki sarang miyaanmallar adi ullekhaniy haian.

mrityu

is prakar amar sangit ki sukhad vaikhari bahata hua yah mahanh sangitajn mrityu ke nikat bhi a pahuancha. dilli mean hi tanasen jvar se pi dit hue. tanasen ne apana aantim samay janakar gvaliyar jane ki ichchha prakat ki, parantu badashah ke moh aur sneh ke karan tanasen faravari, sanh 1585 ee. mean dilli mean hi svargavasi ho ge. ichchhanusar tanasen ka shav gvaliyar pahuanchaya gaya aur muhammad gaus ki qabr ke barabar unaki samadhi bana di gee. tanasen ki mrityu ke pashchath unaka kanishth putr vilas khaan tanasen ke sangit ko jivit rakhane v unaki kirti ko prasarit karane mean samarth hua. bharatiy sangit ke itihas mean dhrupadakar ke roop mean tanasen ka nam sadaiv amar rahega. isake sath hi brajabhasha ke pad sahity ka sangit ke sath jo atoot sambandh raha hai, usake sandarbh mean bhi tanasen chirasmaraniy raheange.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

(sahayak granth-

1. sangitasamrat tanasen (jivani aur rachanaean): prabhudayal mital, sahity sansthan, mathura;
2. hindi sahity ka itihas: pan. ramachandr shukl:
3. akabari darabar ke hindi kabi: d aau. sarayoo prasad agraval.)

bahari k diyaan

• hiandustani sangit mean tanasen ka sthan

sanbandhit lekh

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