तितली (उपन्यास)
jayashankar prasad ka upanyas, jo 1934 ee. mean prakashit hua. 'titali', gramyajivan se sambaddh upanyas hai, yadyapi kathanak ke age badhane par usamean kalakatta adi mahanagaroan ke chhaya sanket bhi mil jate haian.
- katha
isaki katha dhamapur namak gaanv ke charoan or parikrama karati hai. isake zamiandar indradev haian, jo vilayat se apane sath shaila namak videshi yuvati ko le aye haian. is videshi bala ka sambandh prasad ne bharat se sthapit kar diya hai, kyoanki usaka janm yahian hua tha. dhamapur ka pramukh patr madhuban athava madhua hai, jisake pita kabhi sherakot durg ke svami the. gaanv mean bharatiy sanskriti aur darshan ki sakshat moorti baba ramanath haian, jinaki palita kanya banjo athava titali hai. isi titali se madhua ka vivah hota hai madhua ki vidhava bahin rajakumari ke sharir se dhamapur ka mahant khelana chahata hai. madhua usaka gala dabakar bhag nikalata hai. yahian se usaka jivan-sangharsh arambh ho jata hai. kalakatte mean vah girahakatoan ke sath rahata hai. phir riksha chalate hue pak da jata hai. ath varsh jel mean rahakar ghar vapas ata hai. mahua ke jivan ke atirikt indradev aur usake parivar ki katha hai, jisamean ek dhani parivar ki parivarik samasyaean aankit haian.
- gramy jivan
'titali' mean pramukh roop se gramy jivan ke chitr aur samasyaoan ka samavesh kiya gaya hai. bharatiy gramoan mean aj bhi sanskriti ke mool tattv vidyaman haian, yadyapi vatavaran paryapt vikrit aur dooshit ho gaya hai. ek or indradev ko lekar aur mahua gramin jivan ka prakashan karate haian. bhoomihin kisanoan mean kraanti-vidroh ka jo bhav hai, vah madhuban mean spasht hai. gramy-jivan ke uddhar ka prayatn indradev aur shaila karate haian. baiank, aspatal, gramasudhar adi ki yojanaean unhian ke dvara karyaanvit hoti haian. mitati huee samantavadi pratha ki soochana 'titali' mean milati hai. mahajanoan ka shoshan, mahantoan ka pakhand isamean aankit hai. 'godan' jaisi vishal adharabhoomi 'titali' ko nahian prapt ho saki hai, par samasyaean usi tarah ki haian. shaila ramanath se tark karati hai aur aant mean bharatiy sanskriti ki uchchata svikar kar leti hai. baba ramanath bharatiy udar manaviyata ke pratinidhi patr haian, jinhean krishi parampara ka adhunik pratik kaha jayaga. parivarik vishamata ke karan tootati huee sanyukt kutumb vyavastha indradev ke parivar mean spasht hai. yadyapi upanyas ki adhikaansh katha gramin jivan ki hai par nagar-sabhyata ke sanket bhi mil jate haian, jaise kalakatta nagari ke jivan mean.
- bhasha shaili
'titali' ka kathanak adhik sambaddh aur sangrathit hai. donoan kathaoan ko (mahua aur indradev) is prakar sangrathit kar diya gaya hai ki unamean alagav nahian rah jata. katipay avishvasaniy katha-prasangoan ko chho dakar adhikaansh ghatanaean svabhavik haian. kavi ka roop bhasha aur shaili donoan mean jhalak aya hai. anek sthaloan par kavi prasad ki bhasha jag uthi hai aur 'titali' ka aant isi kavyamay shaili mean hota hai. 'kankal' nagar jivan se sambaddh hai tatha 'titali' gramin jivan se. ek mean yadi nagn yatharth haian to doosare mean apekshakrit prakshipt aur is drishti se 'kankal' aur 'titali' donoan ek-doosare ke poorak haian.
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