दया याचिका

bharatiy sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 72 ke mutabik, rashtrapati phaansi ki saja ko maph kar sakate haian, sthagit kar sakate haian, kam kar sakate haian ya usamean badalav kar sakate haian. lekin rashtrapati apani marji se aisa nahian karate. sanvidhan mean saph kaha gaya hai ki rashtrapati mantri parishad se salah lekar hi saja maph kar sakate haian ya usamean chhoot de sakate haian.

daya yachika ke niyam, prakriya aur itihas

• maujooda niyamoan ke mutabik, daya yachika mamale par grih mantralay rashtrapati ko likhit mean apana paksh deta hai. ise hi kaibinet ka paksh manakar rashtrapati daya yachika par phaisala lete haian.
• suprim kort se phaansi ki saja milane ke bad koee bhi shakhs, videshi nagarik bhi, aparadhi ke sanbandh mean rashtrapati ke daphtar ya grih mantralay ko daya yachika bhej sakata hai. sanbandhit rajy ke rajyapal ko bhi daya yachika bheji ja sakati hai. rajyapal apane pas ane vali daya yachikaoan ko grih mantralay ko bhej dete haian.
• doshi vyakti adhikariyoan, vakiloan ya parivar ke logoan ke jariye daya yachikaean bhej sakate haian. grih mantralay ya rashtrapati ke daphtar ko yachikaean mel bhi ki ja sakati haian.
• alag-alag rashtrapatiyoan ne daya yachikaoan ka alag-alag tarah se nipatara kiya hai. isake lie koee samay sima tay nahian hai. lihaja rashtrapati aur grih mantralay, donoan ke pas kee yachikaean kee sal tak lanbit rahi haian.
• poorv rashtrapati epije abdul kalam ka jab karyakal khatm hua to vah karib 2 darjan daya yachikaean lanbit chho dakar ge. unhoanne sirph do daya yachikaoan ka nipatara kiya. rep aur mardar ke doshi dhananjay chatarji ki daya yachika ko 2004 mean unhoanne kharij kar diya aur 2006 mean khiraj ram ki phaansi ki saja kam karake umrakaid mean tabdil kar di.
• abdul kalam ke bad ke. ar. narayanan rashtrapati bane. unhoanne 1997 se 2002 ke bich apane karyakal mean ek bhi daya yachika ka nipatara nahian kiya.
• halaanki jyadatar rashtrapatiyoan ne daya yachikaoan par bina kisi daya ke phaisale lie. aratiaee se mili janakari ke mutabik, 1991 se 2010 ke bich 77 daya yachikaoan mean se rashtrapatiyoan ne 69 ko kharij kar diya.
• sabase jyada daya yachikaean kharij karane ka rik aaurd ar. veankataraman (1987-1992) ke nam hai. unhoanne 44 daya yachikaean kharij kian.
• desh ki pahali mahila rashtrapati pratibha devi sianh patil ne 30 doshiyoan ki daya yachikaean svikar kar lian. sarakaroan par apane rajanitik hit ke mutabik rashtrapati ko sipharishean bhejane ka arop lagata raha hai.

smaraniy tathy

• ek riport ke anusar 26 janavari 1950 se ab tak (2015) desh ke rashtrapati ne kul 437 daya yachikaoan mean se 306 ko svikar kiya. mrityudand paye 306 doshiyoan ki saja rashtrapati ne ajivan karavas mean badal di jabaki 131 daya yachikaoan ko is avadhi ke dauran kharij kar diya gaya. riport mean atankavad aur desh ke viruddh yuddh chhe dane valoan ke alava mrityudand samapt karane ka sujhav diya gaya hai. isamean kaha gaya hai ki 1950 se 1982 ke dauran chhah rashtrapati hue aur is avadhi mean mrityudand paye 262 doshiyoan ki saja ko ajivan karavas mean badala gaya aur sirph ek daya yachikaoan ke aank de abhilekhiy shodh par adharit haian. mrityudand paye doshiyoan ke jivan aur mrityu ka mamala sirph tatkalin sarakar ke adarshoan aur najariye par hi nirbhar nahian ho sakata balki yah rashtrapati ke vyaktigat najariye v vishvas pranali par bhi nirbhar karata hai.
• bharat ke pratham rashtrapati rajendr prasad ne mrityudand paye 181 doshiyoan mean se 180 ki saja ko ajivan karavas mean badala gaya aur sirph ek daya yachika kharij ki. sarvapalli radhakrishnan ne sabhi 57 yachikaean svikar ki. d aau. jakir husain aur vivi giri ne bhi sabhi ka mrityudand ajivan karavas mean badal diya. 1982 se 1997 ke dauran tin rashtrapati ke karyakal mean 93 daya yachikaean kharij huee aur 7 ki saja parivartit ki gee. jnani jail sianh ne 32 mean se 30 yachikaean aur ar. veankataraman ne 50 mean se 45 yachikaean kharij ki thian. shankar dayal sharma ne apane samane aee sabhi daya yachikaean kharij kar di thian.
• 1997-2007 ki avadhi mean rashtrapati ke. ar. narayanan ne kisi daya yachika par koee nirnay nahian liya. rashtrapati abdul kalam ne ek daya yachika kharij ki tatha ek ajivan karavas mean badali. pratibha patil ne 5 daya yachika kharij kian aur 34 ki saja ko ajivan karavas mean badala.
• rashtrapati pranab mukharji ne ab tak 33 mean se 31 daya yachikaoan ko kharij kiya hai.

ashcharyajanak tathy

• duniya ke 99 desh mrityudand ki saja nahian dete.
• phiji, soorinam aur medagaskar ne varsh 2015 mean mrityudand ki saja ke pravadhan ko khatm kiya.
• 58 deshoan mean ab bhi mrityudand ki saja di jati hai.
• 35 deshoan ne pichhale das sal (2005-2015) se kisi ko maut ki saja aropit ghoshit nahian kiya hai.
• bharat ne pichhale das sal (2005 se 2015 tak) mean 1304 logoan ko phaansi ki saja sunaee hai. jisamean uttar pradesh se 395, bihar mean 144, maharashtr mean 129, tamil nadu mean 106, karnatak mean 106 logoan ko phaansi ki saja sunaee gayi.
• bharat ne pichhale das sal mean 4 logoan {dhananjay chatarji (2004), ajamal kasab (2012), aphajal guru (2013), yakoob meman (2015)} ko phaansi par latakaya.
• sanh 1977 mean chh: deshoan ne mrityadand nishedh kiya.
• 2014 mean 95 deshoan ne mrityadand nishedh kiya.
• bharat sahit 33 deshoan mean mrityudand ka tarika ek jaisa hai.
• 45 desh goli marakar jan lete haian.
• 6 desh patthar marakar mrityudand dete haian.
• duniya mean 5 desh ianjekshan lagakar mrityudand dete haian.
• 3 desh sir kalam karake mrityudand ki saja dete haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

• bharatiy dand sanhita, 1860
• List of Indian Penal Codes with Sections and the Titles