दाल

thumb|250px|dalean
Lentils dal arahar, mooang, u dad, chana, masoor, khesari adi anajoan ko dalane se prapt hoti hai. yah anaj dalahan kahalate haian. ye sabhi anaj vanaspati shastr ke ligyoominosi (Leguminosae) gan ke aantargat haian. dalean protin ki avashyakata ki poorti karane ka pramukh srot haian. in anajoan ke atirikt kuchh aur bij haian, jaise- soyabin, sem ityadi, jinase kahian-kahian dalean banati haian.

poshak tattv

hamare bhojan ka mukhy aang karbohaidret hai, jo hamean chaval, gehooan ityadi annoan se starch ke roop mean tatha phaloan se sharkara ke roop mean prapt hota hai. karbohaidret ka pachan saralata se hota hai aur isase oorja prapt hoti hai, kiantu maansapeshi banane, sharir ki vriddhi tatha purane ootakoan ka navajivan pradan karane mean karbohaidret se koee sahayata nahian milati hai. in karyoan ke lie protin ki avayakata p dati hai. maansahari jivoan ko maans se tatha shakahariyoan ko vanaspatiyoan se protin prapt hota hai. dalean shakahariyoan ke protin prapt karane ki pramukh srot haian. ek vayask vyakti ke santulit bhojan mean dedh chhataank dal ka hona avashyak hai.

prakar

bhojan mean prayukt hone vali pramukh dalean nimnalikhit haian -

arahar (Cajanus Indicus)

yah poorvi uttar pradesh tatha bihar mean sarvadhik khaee janevali dal hai. any rajyoan mean bhi yah dal hai. any rajyoan mean bhi yah dal janapriy hai. arahar mean protin 27.67 pratishat, vasa 2.31 pratishat, karbohaidret 57.27 pratishat, lavan 5.50 pratishat tatha jal 10.08 pratishat rahata hai. isamean vitamin bi paya jata hai.

mooang (Phaseolus mungo)

isamean protin 23.62 pratishat, vasa 2.69 pratishat, karbohaidret 53.45 pratishat, lavan 6.57 pratishat tatha jal 10.87 pratishat rahata hai. isamean vitamin bi milata hai. any daloan ki apeksha yah shighr pachati hai. at: rogiyoan ko pathy ke roop mean bhi di jati hai.

u dad (Phaseolus radiatus)

isi ko mash bhi kahate haian. isamean protin 25.5 pratishat, vasa 1.7 pratishat, karbohaidret 53.4 pratishat, lavan 3.3 pratishat evan jal 13.1 pratishat hota hai. is dal ka panjab, rajasthan, pashchimi uttar pradesh, madras evan madhy pradesh mean atyadhik prachalan hai. dal ke atirikt b da, kachau di, imirati, idali aur dose ityadi ke banan mean u dad ki dal ka hi vishesh upayog hota hai.

masoor (Lentil)

itali, gris aur eshiya ka deshaj hai. bharat mean uttarapradesh, madras, bangal evan maharashtr mean isaka vyavahar atyadhik hata hai aur ise paushtik ahar samajha jata hai. isamean 25.5 pratishat protin, 1.9 pratishat tel, 52.2 pratishat karbohaidret, 3.4 pratishat raphej evan 2.8 pratishat loha hota hai. isaki rakh mean potash evan ph aausphet adhik matra mean rahata hai.

matar (Pisum arvense)

poorvi yoorop ka deshaj hai. isaki doosari jati pisam saitivam (Pisum sativum) hai, jo eshiya ka deshaj hai. isamean 22.5 pratishat protin, 1.6 pratishat tel, 53.7 pratishat karbohaidret, 5.4 pratishat raphej tatha 2.9 pratishat rakh rahati hai. lagabhag sabh rajyoan mean isaka upayog hota hai. hari phali se nikali matar sabji ke ka ati hai aur pak jane par dal ke liy isaka upayog hota hai.

chana (Chick pea or cicer arietinum)

isaka prayog bharat mean lagabhag sabhi pradeshoan mean samany roop se hata hai. yah sabhi dalahanoan mean sarvadhik paushtik padarth hai. palatoo gho de ko bhi yah khilaya jata hai. gho de ko khilaya janevala chana aangreji mean h aaurs gram (Horse gram) kahalata hai. isaka vanaspatik nam d aaulikos baiphloras (Dolichos biflorus) hai. isamean vitamin si paryapt matra mean rahata hai. chane ka besan pakau di, besani, kadhi tatha mithaee banane ke kam mean ata hai. hara chana sabji banane evan talakar khane ke kam mean ata hai.

khesari (Lathyrus sativum)

yah atyant nimnakoti ka dalahan hai. pashuoan ke khilane aur khetoan mean hari khad ke lie isaka upayog adhik hota hai. yah alp matra mean hi dal ke roop mean khaee jati hai. isake adhik seban se kuchh rog ho jane ki soochana mili hai.

soyabin (Glycinemax)

yah poorvi eshiya ka deshaj hai. isaki phaliyaan chhoti, roeandar hoti haian, jinamean do se char tak bij hote haian. isamean 66-71 pratishat jal, 5.5 pratishat rakh, 14 se 19 pratishat vasa, 4.5 se 5.5 pratishat raphej, 5 s 6 pratishat naitrojan, 1.5 se 3 pratishat starch, 8 se 9.5 pratishat hemiselooloz, 4 se 5 pratishat peantosan rahata hai. inake atirikt kailsiyam, maignishiyam aur ph aausphoras rahate haian.

sem (Bean)

yah kee prakar ki hoti hai, jisamean lal aur saphed adhik prachalit hai. isamean protin 15 se 20 pratishat, rakh 6 se 7 pratishat, sharkara 21 se 29 pratishat, starch aur deksatrin 14 se 23 pratishat hemiseloolaj 8.5 se 11 pratishat tatha peantosan lagabhag 7 pratishat rahata hai. isake protin bina pakae shighr nahian pachate.

shasyachakr paddhati

sabhi dalahanoan ke lie domat mitti ki avashyakata p dati hai. sabhi dalahan varshik paudhe haian. inake lie samashitoshn jalavayu aur halaki varsha avashyak hoti hai. dalahan ke paudhoan ki j doan mean vayumandal se naitrojan grahan karane vale jivanu rahate haian, jo bhoomi mean naitrojan ka sangrah karake bhoomi ki urvara shakti ki vriddhi karate haian. isaliy khetoan ki urvara shakti ki vriddhi karane ke lie shasyachakr ki paddhati apanaee jati hai; jaise- jin khetoan mean dhan ki phasal ugaee gee thi unamean chane ki phasal ugaee jati hai.

dalahan krishi

bharat mean rabi evan kharib donoan phasaloan ke antargat daloan ki krishi ki jati hai. rabi ki phasal ke samay boee jane vali pramukh dalahani phasalean haian - arahar, chana, matar, masoor, adi jabaki mooang, u dad, lobiya adi ki krishi khariph ke samay ki jati hai. dalahani phasaloan ki drishti se hamare desh ki pramukh visheshata yah hai ki inaki krishi anupajaoo mitti evan varsha ki kami vale kshetroan mean hi ki jati rahi hai. chane ki krishi ganga tatha sataluj nadiyoan ki oopari ghati evan usake samipavarti madhy pradesh rajy tak hi simit hai. isaka sabase saghan kshetr uttar pradesh mean agara tatha mirjapur ziloan ke bich paya jata hai jabaki panjab, hariyana, rajasthan, gujarat adi pramukh utpadak rajy hai. 2007-08 mean kul 148 lakh tan ka utpadan hua, jo 1990-91 ki tulana mean 0.76 pratishat ki varshik vriddhi ko darshata hai.

dalahan se dal banana

dalahan se dal chhilakedar tatha bina chhilake ki banaee jati hai. ab to dalahan ko dal miloan mean bhejakar dal banavana vyavasayik drishti se labhaprad ho gaya hai. gharoan mean bhi dalahan se dal banaee jati hai. chhilakedar dal banane ke lie jis dalahan ki dal banani ho use chakki dvara dal lete haian. bina chhilake ki dal do prakar se banati hai, pani mean bhigokar athava moyakar. dalahan ko dalakar pani mean do tin ghante tak bhigo dete haian. isake bad dal ko pani se nikalakar hath se khoob masalakar chhilaka alag karate haian aur is masali huee dal ko pani mean dal dete haian, jisase chhilaka pani ke oopar a jata hai aur dal niche baith jati hai. chhilake ko pani ke oopar se hatakar, dal ko do tin bar masalane aur dhone se dal pray: bilkul chhilake rahit ho jati hai is chhilake rahit dal ko dhoop mean sukhakar rakh liya jata hai.

chhilake rahit dal banane ki doosari vidhi hai, pahale dalahan ko dhoop mean khoob sukha lete haian. ek ser dalahan ke lie pani mean ek bhar tel milakar, rat mean dalahan ko moyakar, ratabhar dhakakar rakh dete haian aur subah dhoop mean sukhate haian. is sookhe dalahan ko chakki mean dalakar okhali mean chhaant lete haian, jisase chhilaka alag ho jata hai. dal ko chhaantane mean vishesh yogyata ki avashyakata hoti hai, jisase dal toote nahian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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