दीनार
[[chitr:Kuwait-Dinar-1994.jpg|200px|thumb|1994 ka kuvaiti dinar]] dinar svarn ka sikka, jo prachin samay mean eshiya tatha yoorop mean pramukhata se chalata tha. sanskrit mean dinar ka ullekh 'dinarah' ke roop mean milata hai. kushan shasan kal ke sone ke sikke ka vajan 124 gren hota tha, jabaki gupt kal mean is sikke ka vajan 144 gren tha. yah kushan ke sikkoan par adharit tha. apane roman roop mean dinar ka mooly qarib sadhe char gram svarn ke barabar tha. aj duniya ke tamam mulkoan mean dinar dhatu ki mudra ki bajay kagaz ke not ke roop mean dati huee hai.
itihas
'dinar' shabd ko adhikatar bharatiy hindi mean muslim hamalavaroan ke sath aya hua shabd manate haian. 'dinar' ka matalab hota hai- 'ek svarn mudra' ya 'asharaphi'. moolatah yah shabd roman shabd se janma hai aur qarib tin sadi eesa poohrv svarn mudra ke taur par isaka roman ganatantr mean prachalan shuroo hua. rom se hi 'dinariyas' arab kshetr me dinar ke roop mean pahuancha. kisi zamane mean yah mudra bharat mean chalati thi, lekin muslim shasan mean dinar ka chalan nahian raha.[1]
sanskrit mean ullekh
sanskrit mean dinar ka ullekh dinarah ke roop mean milata hai. bharatiy sanskriti mean dinar kis had tak rachi-basi thi, isaka ullekh athavi sadi mean likhe ge 'dashakumaracharit' mean milata hai, jisamean dyootakri da[2] ke sandarbh mean ullekh hai ki 16000 dinaroan ki baji mean dyoot adhyaksh ke nirnayanusar adhi rashi jitane vale ko aur baki adhi rashi dyoot adhyaksh v dyoot sabha ke karmachari apas mean baant sakate haian.
rom ki 'dinariyas'
[[chitr:Kanishka-Coin.jpg|thumb|200px|kanishk ka svarn dinar]] rom mean bharatiy masale aur malamal ki behad maang rahi thi. qarib pahali sadi eesa poorv se lekar chauthi-paanchavian sadi tak roman samrajy se bharat ke karobari rishte rahe. bharat ke pashchimi samudr tat ke jariye ye karobar chalata rahata tha. bharatiy mal ke badale roman apani svarn mudra 'dinariyas' mean bhugatan karate rahe. ye karobari rishte itane phale- phoole ki dinariyas 'dinar' ke roop mean lanbe arse tak len-den ka jariya bani rahi. 98 ee. mean kushan samrat kanishk ke jamane ka ek roman ullekh mahattvapoorn hai- "bharatavarsh har sal rom se sadhe paanch karo d ka sona khianch leta hai." jahir hai yah aank da roman svarn mudra dinariyas ke sandarbh mean bataya gaya hai.[1]
rajakiy mudra
apane roman roop mean dinar ka mooly qarib sadhe char gram svarn ke barabar tha. aj duniya ke tamam mulkoan mean dinar dhatu ki mudra ki bajay kagaz ke not ke roop mean dati huee hai. bad ke saloan mean rom se aise hi karobari rishtoan ke chalate dinar eeran aur kuchh arab mulkoan mean bhi prachalit huee aur ab tak dati huee hai. yahi nahian arab mulkoan samet dinar sarbiya, yugoslaviya, bosniya-harjegovina, aljiriya, yaman, tyoonishiya, sudan aur moantenegro jaise deshoan ki bhi rajakiy mudra hai.
mahattvapoorn tathy
ashcharyajanak tathy yah hai ki bharat se gayab hone ke bavajood hindi ke shabdakoshoan mean aj bhi dinar sanskrit shabd ke roop mean svarn mudra ke arth mean virajaman hai, jabaki urdoo-farasi shabdakosh mean yah farasi shabd ke taur par 'asharaphi' ban kar jama hai. lekin isake roman mool ka kahian bhi zikr tak nahian hai. hindi mean isaka ek roop 'dinar' bhi hai.[1]
sabase mahangi dinar
yadi koee yah soche ki vishv ki sabase mahangi mudra british 'pauand' hai to yah galataphahami hai. pauand ek mahangi mudra to hai, lekin utani mahangi bhi nahian ki ise vishv ki sabase mahangi mudra ka khitab diya jae. darasal vishv ki sabase mahangi mudra ek chhote-se desh ki hai, jisake bare mean adhik suna nahian jata. yah desh hai kuvait aur yahaan ki mudra hai- dinar. yah duniya ki sabase mahangi mudra hai. kuvaiti dinar itani mahangi hai ki ek dinar 3.60 ameriki d aaular ke barabar hota hai. yani ek kuvaiti dinar 176 rupe 73 paise ka hai. kuvaiti dinar shuroo se bahut mahangi mudra rahi hai, lekin isase is desh ko koee phark nahian p data, kyoanki yah tel se bharapoor desh hai. yah kachche tel ke sabase b de utpadak deshoan mean shamil hai. ise tel ke eksaport se araboan d aaular har sal milate haian, jo isaki chhoti-si abadi ke lie paryapt hai.[3]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 dinar ka chalata tha sikka kabhi... (hindi) shabdoan ka saphar. abhigaman tithi: 28 julaee, 2014.
- ↑ jooa
- ↑ dinar hai duniya ki sabase mahangi kareansi (hindi) nyooj phlesh. abhigaman tithi: 28 julaee, 2014.