देव (कवि)
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dev (janm- sanh 1673, itava - mrityu- sanh 1768) ritikalin kavi the. dev itava ke rahane vale sanadhay brahman evan mugal kalin kavi the. kuchh logoan ne inhean kanyakubj siddh karane ka bhi prayatn kiya hai. inaka poora nam devadatta tha.
jivan parichay
'bhavavilas' ka rachana kal inhoanne 1746 mean diya hai aur us granth nirman ke samay inhoanne apani avastha 16 hi varsh ki batalaee hai. is prakar se inaka janm sanvat 1730 ke asapas ka nishchit hota hai. isake atirikt inaka aur vrittaant kahian prapt nahian hota. inhean koee achchha udar ashrayadata nahian mila jisake yahaan rahakar inhoanne sukh se kal yapan kiya ho. ye barabar anek reesoan ke yahaan ek sthan se doosare sthan par ghoomate rahe, par kahian jame nahian. isaka karan ya to inaki prakriti ki vichitrata rahi ya inaki kavita ke sath us kal ki ruchi ka asamanjasy. dev ne apane 'ashtayam' aur 'bhavavilas' ko aurangazeb ke b de putr 'ajamashah' ko sunaya tha jo hindi kavita ke premi the. isake bad inhoanne 'bhavanidatta vaishy' ke nam par 'bhavani vilas' aur 'kushalasianh' ke nam par 'kushal vilas' ki rachana ki. isake bad 'mardanasianh' ke putr 'raja udyot sianh vaishy' ke lie 'prem chandrika' banaee. isake uparaant yah lagatar anek pradeshoan mean ghoomate rahe. is yatra ke anubhavoan ka inhoanne apane 'jativilas' namak granth mean upayog kiya. is granth mean dev ne bhinn bhinn jatiyoan aur bhinn bhinn pradeshoan ki striyoan ka varnan kiya hai. is prakar ke varnan mean unaki visheshataean achchhi tarah vyakt huee hoan, aisa nahian hai. itana ghoomane ke bad inhean ek achchhe ashrayadata 'raja motilal' mile, jinake nam par sanvat 1783 mean inhoanne 'rasavilas' namak granth banaya. jisamean inhoanne 'raja motilal' ki bahut prashansa ki hai- motilal bhoop lakh pokhar levaiya jinh lakhan kharachi rachi akhar kharide haian.
rachanaean
dev apane purane granthoan ke kavittoan ko idhar doosare kram mean rakhakar ek naya granth pray: taiyar kar diya karate the. isase ek hi kavitt bar bar inake anek granthoan mean mileange. 'sukhasagar tarang' pray: anek granthoan se lie hue kavittoan ka sangrah hai. 'ragaratnakar' mean rag raganiyoan ke svaroop ka varnan hai. 'ashtayam' to rat din ke bhogavilas ki dinacharya hai jo us samay ke akarmany aur vilasi rajaoan ke samane kalayapan vidhi ka byora pesh karane ke lie bani thi. 'brahmadarshan pachisi' aur 'tatvadarshan pachisi' mean jo virakti ka bhav hai vah bahut sanbhav hai ki apani kavita ke prati lok ki udasinata dekhate dekhate utpann huee ho.
bhasha shaili
dev achary aur kavi donoan roopoan mean hamare samane ate haian. acharyatv ke pad ke anuroop kary karane mean riti kal ke kaviyoan mean poorn roop se koee samarth nahian hua. kulapati aur sukhadev aise sahity shastr ke abhyasi pandit bhi vishad roop mean siddhaant niroopan ka marg nahian pa sake. ek to brajabhasha ka vikas kavyopayogi roop mean hi hua, vichar paddhati ke utkarsh sadhan ke lie yah bhasha tab tak vikasit nahian thi, doosare us samay pady mean hi likhane ki parampara thi. at: achary ke roop mean dev ko bhi koee vishesh sthan nahian mil paya.
kuchh logoan ne bhaktivash inhean kuchh shastriy udbhavana ka shrey dena chaha. naiyayikoan ki 'tatpary vritti' bahut samay se prasiddh chali a rahi thi aur yah sanskrit ke sahity mimaansakoan ke samane thi. 'tatpary vritti' vaky ke bhinn bhinn padoan (shabdoan) ke 'vachyarth' ko ek mean samanvit karane vali vritti mani gee hai at: yah 'abhidha' se bhinn nahian, vakyagat abhidha hi hai. 'chhalasanchari' sanskrit ki 'rasatarangini' se liya gaya hai. doosari bat yah hai ki sahity ke siddhaant granthoan se parichit matr janate haian ki ginae hue 33 sanchar upalakshan matr haian, sanchari aur bhi kitane hi ho sakate haian.
abhidha, lakshana adi shabdashaktiyoan ka niroopan hindi ke riti granthoan mean pray: kuchh bhi nahian hua. is drishti se dev ka kathan hai ki-
abhidha uttam kavy hai; madhy lakshana lin.
adham vyanjana ras viras, ulati kahat navin
- dev ka 'vyanjana' se tatpary 'paheli bujhane vali' 'vastuvyanjana' ka hi jan p data hai. kavitvashakti aur maulikata dev mean bahut thi par unake samyak sphuran mean unaki ruchi badhak rahi hai. anupras ki ruchi unake sare pady ko bojhil bana deti thi. bhasha mean snigdh pravah n ane ka ek b da karan yah bhi tha. inaki bhasha mean 'rasadrata' aur saralata bahut kam payi jati hai. kahian kahian shabdavyay bahut adhik hai aur arth bahut alp.
- aksharamaitri ke dhyan se dev kahian kahian ashakt shabd bhi rakhate the jo kabhi kabhi arth ko avaruddh karate the. 'tukaant' aur 'anupras' ke lie dev kahian kahian na keval shabdoan ko hi to date, maro date aur biga date balki vaky ko bhi avinyast kar dete the. jahaan kahian bhi abhipret bhav ka nirvah poori tarah ho paya hai, vahaan ki rachana bahut hi saras ban padi hai. dev ke jaisa arth, saushthav aur navonmesh kam hi kaviyoan mean milata hai.
- riti kal ke pratinidhi kaviyoan mean sambhavat: sabase adhik granth rachana dev ne ki hai. koee inaki rachi pustakoan ki sankhya 52 aur koee 72 tak batalate haian. inake nimnalikhit granthoan ka pata hai-
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- riti kal ke kaviyoan mean dev b de hi 'pragalbh' aur 'pratibhasampann' kavi the. is kal ke b de kaviyoan mean inaka vishesh gaurav ka sthan hai. kahian kahian inaki kalpana bahut sookshm aur duruh hai -
suno kai param pad, oono kai anant mad
noono kai nadis nad, iandira jhurai pari.
mahima munisan ki, sanpati digisan ki,
eesan ki siddhi brajavithi bithurai pari
bhadoan ki aandheri adhiarati mathura ke path,
pay ke sanyog 'dev' devaki durai pari.
paravar pooran apar parabrahm rasi,
jasuda ke korai ek bar hi kurai pari
dar drum palana, bichhauna navapallav ke,
suman jhragoola sohai tan chhabi bhari dai.
pavan jhulavai keki kir baharavai dev,
kokil halavai hulasavai kar tari dai
poorit parag soan utaro karai raee lon,
kanjakali nayika latani sir sari dai.
madan mahip joo ko balak basant, tahi,
pratahi jagavat gulab chatakari dai
sakhi ke sakoch, guru soch mrigalochani,
risani piy soan jo un neku hansi chhuyogat.
dev vai subhay musakay uthi ge, yahaan
sisaki sisaki nisi khoee, roy payo prat
ko janai, ri bir! binu birahi birah bitha,
hay hay kari pachhitay n kachhoo suhat.
b de b de nainan soan aauansoo bhari bhari dhari,
goro goro mukh pari ore so bilane jat
jhahari jhahari jhini booand haian parati mano,
ghahari ghahari ghata gheri hai gagan mean.
ani kahyo syam mo sauan, 'chalau jhoolibe ko aj'
phooli n samani bhee aisi hauan magan maian
chahat uthayoee uthi gee so nigo di niand,
soi ge bhag mere jani va jagan mean.
aauankh kholi dekhoan tau n ghan haian n ghanashyam,
veee chhaeean booandean mere aauansu hvai drigan mean
saansan hi mean samir gayo aru aauansun hi sab nir gayo dhari.
tej gayo gun lai apano aru bhoomi gee tanu ki tanuta kari
'dev' jiyai milibeee ki as kai, asahoo pas akas rahyo bhari.
ja din tean mukh pheri harai hansi heri hiyo ju liyo hari joo hari
jab tean kuvanr kanh ravari kalanidhan!
kan pari vake kahooan sujas kahani si.
tab hi tean dev dekhi devata si hansati si,
rijhati si, khijhati si, roothati risani si
chhohi si chhali si chhin lini si chhaki si, chhin
jaki si, taki si, lagi thaki thaharani si.
biandhi si, bandhi si, vish boo dati bimohit si.
baithi bal bakati, bilokati bikani si
'dev' maian sis basayo saneh soan bhal mrigammad biandu kai bhakhyau.
kanchuki mean chuparayo kari chova lagay liyo ur soan abhilakhyo
lai makhatool guhe gahane, ras moorativant siangar kai chakhyo.
saanvare lal ko saanvaro roop maian nainan ko kajara kari rakhyo
dhar mean dhay dhaansi niradhar hvai, ay phansi, ukasi n udhori.
ri! aangaray girian gahigi, gahi phere phiri n, ghiri nahian gheri
'dev' kachhoo apanoan bas na, ras lalach lal chitai bhian cheri.
begi hi boo di gee pankhiyaan aankhiyaan madhu ki makhiyaan bhee meri
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