धौलावीरा
dhaulavira
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| vivaran | h dappa sabhyata‘ ke purasthaloan mean ek navin k di ke roop mean ju dane vala purasthal dhaulavira 'kachchh ke ran' ke madhy sthit dvip 'khadir' mean sthit hai. |
| rajy | gujarat |
| sabhyata ki yatra | dhaulavira ki saanskritik yatra anek avasthaoan se gujarati huee ek doosare se abhinn roop se ju di thi. aisa anuman lagaya jata hai ki dhaulavira sabhyata ki yatra qarib 1000 varsho ki thi. |
| vishesh | is nagar ki lambaee poorab se pashchim ki or hai. nagar ke charoan taraph ek mazaboot divar ke nirman ke sakshy mile haian. |
| sanbandhit lekh | rakhigadhi, h dappa, siandhu ghati sabhyata |
| any janakari | dhaulavira namak h dappaee sanskriti vale is nagar ki yojana samanaantar chaturbhuj ke roop mean ki gayi thi. is nagar ki lambaee poorab se pashchim ki or hai. nagar ke charoan taraph ek mazaboot divar ke nirman ke sakshy mile haian. |
| adyatan | 14:46, 19 janavari 2018 (IST)
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dhaulavira / dholavira (aangrezi: Dholavira) gujarat mean kachchh pradesh ke utariy vibhag khadir mean sthit ek aitihasik sthan hai jo paanch hajar sal pahale vishv ka yah prachin mahanagar tha. h dappa sabhyata‘ ke purasthaloan mean ek navin k di ke roop mean ju dane vala purasthal dhaulavira 'kachchh ke ran' ke madhy sthit dvip 'khadir' mean sthit hai. is dvip ke samip hi 'surkhav'- shahar sthit hai. dhaulavir gaanv 'khadir dvip' ki uttari-pashchimi sima par basa hai. dhaulavira purasthal ki khudaee mean mile avasheshoan ka prasar 'manahar' evan 'manasar' namak naloan ke bich mean hua tha. dhaulavira namak h dappaee sanskriti vale is nagar ki yojana samanaantar chaturbhuj ke roop mean ki gayi thi. is nagar ki lambaee poorab se pashchim ki or hai. nagar ke charoan taraph ek mazaboot divar ke nirman ke sakshy mile haian. nagar ke mahaprasad vale bhag ke uttar mean ek vistrit sampoorn evan vyapak samatal maidan ke avashesh mile haian. isake uttar mean nagar ka madhyam bhag hai jise 'pur' ki sanjna di gayi thi. isake poorv mean nagar ka tisara mahattvapoorn bhag sthit hai jise 'nichala shahar' ya phir 'avam nagar' kaha jata hai
dhaulavira sabhyata ki yatra
dhaulavira ki saanskritik yatra anek avasthaoan se gujarati huee ek doosare se abhinn roop se ju di thi. aisa anuman lagaya jata hai ki dhaulavira sabhyata ki yatra qarib 1000 varsho ki thi.
sabhyata ki pratham avastha
dhaulavira sabhyata ki pratham avastha se yah abhas milata hai ki yahaan par basane vale log apane sath ek poorn vikasit sabhyata lekar aye the. puratatvik sakshyoan ke adhar par aisa anuman lagaya ja raha hai ki yahaan par basane vale log sambhavatah siandh aur baloochistan se aye the. sabhyata ke pratham charan ke nivasi mitti ke bartan banane, taanbe shodhane, patthar tarashane, uparatnoan, selakh di, shankh adi ke manake banaye. is sabhyata ke logoan ne nishchit map ke saanchoan mean dhali mitti ki eetoan ka prayog kiya. eetoan ke sath-sath simit matra mean pattharoan ke upayog ke bhi sakshy mile haian. ayatakar akar mean nirmit yahaan ki basti ke charoan or 11 mitar moti eetoan ki prachir nirmit thi.
sabhyata ka doosara charan
sabhyata ke doosare charan mean 'durg prachir' ki andar ki or 3 mitar chau daee badha di gayi. prachir ka nirman kachchi eetoan se hua tha. divar ke andar vale bhag mean safed, gulabi, gahara gulabi rang ki mitti ki lagabhag 13 paratoan ka lep chadhaya gaya hai. aisi hi mitti ka prayog bhavan ke andar aur bahar ki divaroan par palastar ke lie kiya gaya haian
sabhyata ka tisara charan
sabhyata ka tisara charan bhi 'durg ki prachir' ko mazabooti pradan karane ke lie andar ki or divar ko qarib sadhe char mitar chau di karane ke sath hi prarambh hua. is charan mean vikasit h dappiy nagar sabhyata ka vikasashil svaroop samane aya. sabhyata ke is charan mean uttar ki or sabhyata ke dvitiy charan mean nirmit bastiyoan ko uja d kar ek maidan ka nirman kiya gaya. maidan ke uttar ki taraph janasamany ke lie yojana anusar shahar ka nirman kiya gaya. nagar ke charoan or 'raksha prachir' evan 'prasad' ki charoan divaroan ke madhy bhag mean char pravesh dvaroan ka nirman kiya gaya. navin nirmit nagar ke dono bhagoan ke madhy bhagoan ke madhy khule maidan ko ‘rangamahal‘ ki sanjna di gayi. sambhavatah maidan ka prayog sarvajanik evan samoohit utsavoan mean kiya jata tha.
h dappa sanskriti ka vikas
sabhyata ka tisara charan lagabhag 300 varsho tak jivit raha. aisa anuman lagaya ja raha hai ki is sabhyata ki aantim ardhashati mean sambhavatah yah nagar kisi bhayankar bhookamp jaise vinashakari prakop ki chapet mean a gaya tha, jisake karan nagar ke kee jagah dhvast ho gaye, par arthik roop se sampann hone ke karan is sabhyata ke logoan ne atishighr nagar ka puhnarnirman kar liya. tisare bhag ke prakash mean ane ke uparant purane shahar ko 'madhyamanagar' evan naye ju de bhag ko 'avam' nam diya. sabhyata ke tisare charan mean 'chitralankaran vale mridabhaand' prayog kiye gaye jo shuddh roop se h dappa sabhyata se sambandhit the. h dappa sabhyata se sambandhit mudrayean evan ghanakar 'taulane ke bat' bhi pahali bar yahaan par prakash mean aye. bartan ke ek tuk de par h dappa lipi ke bhi sanket milate haian. dhaulavira ki sanskriti ke is charan mean niahsandeh h dappa sanskriti ka vikasonmukh roop pahali bar spasht roop se is upamahadvip mean prakash mean aya.
sabhyata ka chautha charan
[[chitr:Excavation-Of-Water-Storage-Tank-Dholavira.jpg|thumb|300px|dhaulavira mean pani bhandaran ke talab ki khudaee, gujarat]] dhaulavira ki bahuayami samriddh sabhyata apane poore vaibhav mean sabhyata ke chauthe charan mean prachur matra mili haian, jaise kalatmak mridabhaand, vishisht kalatmak mudrayean, taul ke bat, lipigat lekh, shankh, phiyaans, taanbe v mitti ki choo diyaan, uparatnoan, selakh di, taanbe, sone aur pakki mitti ke manake, shankh ke bane vividh abhooshan, sone ke chhalle, mitti ki ga diyaan, bail v any khilaune, kuchh vishisht shaili mean nirmit mrinmayi manavakritiyaan adi, par sabhyata ke is charan mean prapt bahutayat kalakritiyaan h dappa evan mohanajoda do se bhinn haian.
- choona patthar se nirmit sthapaty namoonoan ke kuchh avasheshoan jinamean pili v baiangani rang ki dhariyaan nirmit haian dhaulavira ki mahattvapoorn upalabdhiyoan mean se haian.
sabhyata ki paanchavi avastha
sabhyata ki paanchavi avastha mean dhaulavira ki poorn roop se vikasit 'h dappa ki sabhyata' mean patan ke lakshan dikhaee dene lage. sarvapratham nagar ayojan evan sthapaty ke kshetr mean giravat ke lakshan dikhe. sambhavatah is giravat ka mahattvapoorn karan 'prashasanik avyavastha' tha.
sabhyata ka patana
is sabhyata ke patan ka sarvadhik bura prabhav tatkalin mahaprasadoan par p da jo sambhvatah shakti ke ek b de kendr ke roop mean istemal kiye jate the. aisa bhi anuman lagaya jata hai ki shayad sabhyata ke paanchave charan mean sampann vanik v shilpi samooh ke parivar behatar avasar ki talash mean nagar chho d bahar jane lage. sambhavatah 'dhaulavira ki sanskriti ke patan' ka samay 2,200 ee.poo. se 2000 ee.poo. tak raha hoga.
kuchh samay pashchath dhaulavira ke tiloan par uttar h dappakalin logoan ne apani basti basaee. yahaan se mili muharoan ke svaroop mean apane poorvavarti nagaroan se prapt muharoan ki apeksha kuchh parivartan dikhayi deta hai. ye muharean akar mean chhoti evan chitraankan hin mili haian, par in par sundar 'lipi chihn' khude mile haian. yahaan se prapt batoan mean adhikaanshat: sankhya aise batoan ki hai jinhean thik se ghis kar banaya gaya. 'kuanbh kala' ke antargat prapt patale, sudar chamakile bartan mile hai jo dakshini rajasthan ki 'ahad' ya 'banas sanskriti' se sambandhit haian. yahaan prapt kuchh bartan 'jhook dashaili' ke bhi haian. dhaulavira ke atirikt isake samakalin soorakotada evan 'deshalapur' se bhi h dappakalin lekh yukt muharean prapt huee haian, anyatr kisi purasthal se is tarah ki muharean nahian mili haian.
sabhyata ka chhatha charan
sabhyata ke chhathe charan mean bhi kuchh parivartan ke sakshy mile haian. jaise is samay nirman kary mean prayukt ki jane vali eetoan ka koee nap nahian hota tha. is samay ke bane makan sidhe prakar se satakar banaye jate the. makanoan ke bich galiyaan bhi poornatah naye ayojan ke anusar banaee gayi, is samay ke nirmit makanoan mean h dappakalin makanoan se nikale gaye pattharoan ka upayog kiya gaya. sambhavatah is samay bane makanoan ki ooanchaee kam evan chhatean lak di, tahani evan ghas-phoos se banaee jati thi. shankh evan uparatnoan ke abhooshan shayad is samay vyapak star par nirmit kiye jate the. anumanatah 'dhaulavira ki h dappa sanskriti' ka chhatha charan sau varsh tak jivit raha.
sabhyata ka satavaan evan antim charan
sabhyata ke satavean evan antim charan mean log ayatakar makanoan mean rahane ki apeksha vrittakar makanoan ko pasand karane lage. 'buanga' ya 'kuanbha' kahe jane vale ye makan lak di evan ghas-phoos ke banaye gaye the. divar ko patthar se banaya gaya tha. shayad do se dhaee phit patthar ke oopar lak di ka golakar dhaancha kh da kar isake oopar 'kulledar gol chhat' banaee jati thi. is tarah qarib 1,000 varsh tak jivit rahane vali yah sabhyata uj dane ke bad punah nahian bas saki.
dhaulavira ke pratham evan dvitiy charan ka 'amri' ke dvitiy kal ke dvitiy upakal, 'nausheroan' ke pratham kal ke utttararddh se samikaran sthapit kiya ja sakata hai. dhaulavira ke tisare charan ka samikaran 'amri' ke tritiy kal ke pratham upakal, 'nausheroan' ke dvitiy kal evan mohanajoda do ke un staroan se, jinaka utkhanan 1958 mean hvilar ke netritv mean kiya gaya, se kiya jata hai.
apane satave charan mean dhaulavira nagar sabhyata se gramin sabhyata mean parivartit ho gayi. dhaulavira nagar ka poorv se pashchim ka vistar 771 mitar evan uttar se dakshin ka vistar lagabhag 616.80 mitar hai, prasad ke andar poorv se pashchim mean vistar ausatan 114 mitar evan uttar se dakshin se lagabhag 92.50 mitar hai. dhaulavira bharat mean sthit sabase b da 'hadappa sthal' hai. sampoorn sindhu sabhyata ke sthaloan mean kshetraphal ki drishti se 'dhaulavira' ka sthan 'paanchavaan' hai.
prasad yojana
- prasad ka uttari pravesh dvar lagabhag 16x12 mitar nap ka hai, jane ke lie 79 mitar lamba evan 9 mitar chau da rasta banaya gaya hai, jo oopar jate-jate 12 mitar chau da ho jata hai.
- nagar ke 'madhyam' v 'avam' bhag mean samakon par katate raste avasiy khandoan ko kee bhagoan mean vibhajit karate haian.
- yahaan se prapt makanoan ke andar anek kamare, rasoeeghar, snanagrih evan ek praangan mile haian.
- ganda pani naliyoan ke madhyam se bahakar s dak par rakhe gaye matakoan mean ikattha hota tha.
- yahaan se mile qabre bhi kuchh kam anokhi nahian haian. adhikaansh qabrean ayatakar akar mean uttar se dakshin evan poorv se pashchim disha ki or mili haian.
- patthar ki adhikata ke karan yahaan ki qabroan ke charoan taraph vishal shilayean lagi mili haian, ab tak yahaan se qarib vibhinn tarah ki qabrean mili haian jinamean ek se bhi nar-kankal nahian mile hai jo puratatvik drishti se ati mahattvapoorn janakari hai.
- yahaan se prapt ek qabr mean rakhe gaye mridabhaand ke andar se kuchh rakh v koyale ke chhote-chhote tuk de mile haian jinase yah anuman lagaya jata hai ki sambhavatah 'agni sanskar' ke bad bache hue aansh ko qabr mean rakha jata tha.
- yahaan se anek prakar ki qabroan ke avasheshoan se yah sanket milata hai ki shayad yahaan par nivas karane vale vibhinn paramparaoan ko manane vale evan anek dharmik sampradayoan ke log the.
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