नागार्जुन

	nagarjun
	nagarjun\|200px\|center
poora nam	vaidyanath mishr
any nam	nagarjun, yatri
janm	30 joon, 1911
janm bhoomi	madhubani zila, bihar
mrityu	5 navanbar, 1998
mrityu sthan	darabhanga zila, bihar
abhibhavak	pita- gokul mishr
pati/patni	aparajita devi
karm bhoomi	bharat
karm-kshetr	kavi, lekhak, upanyasakar
mukhy rachanaean	'ratinath ki chachi' (1948 ee.), 'balachanama' (1952 ee.), 'nayi paudh' (1953 ee.), 'baba batesaranath' (1954 ee.), 'dukhamochan' (1957 ee.), 'varun ke bete' (1957 ee.)
bhasha	hiandi, maithili, sanskrit
puraskar-upadhi	1969 mean 'sahity akadami puraskar', 1994 mean 'sahity akadami phailoship'.
nagarikata	bharatiy
sanbandhit lekh	Om shabd hi brahm hai
any janakari	nagarjun ne maithili bhasha mean 'yatri' nam se lekhan kiya hai.
inhean bhi dekhean	kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi

chitr:Disamb2.jpg nagarjun

ek bahuvikalpi shabd hai any arthoan ke lie dekhean:- nagarjun (bahuvikalpi)

nagarjun (aangrezi: Nagarjuna, janm: 30 joon, 1911; mrityu: 5 navanbar, 1998) pragativadi vicharadhara ke lekhak aur kavi the. nagarjun ne 1945 ee. ke asapas sahity seva ke kshetr mean qadam rakha. shoonyavad ke roop mean nagarjun ka nam vishesh ullekhaniy hai. nagarjun ka asali nam 'vaidyanath mishr' tha. hindi sahity mean unhoanne 'nagarjun' tatha maithili mean 'yatri' upanam se rachanaoan ka srijan kiya.

jivan parichay

30 joon sanh 1911 ke din jyeshth mas ki poornima ka chandrama hindi kavy jagath ke us divakar ke uday ka sakshi tha, jisane apani faqiri aur bebaqi se apani anokhi pahachan banaee. kabir ki pidhi ka yah mahanh kavi nagarjun ke nam se jana gaya. madhubani zile ke 'satalakha gaanv' ki dharati baba nagarjun ki janmabhoomi ban kar dhany ho gee. ‘yatri’ apaka upanam tha aur yahi apaki pravritti ki sanjna bhi thi. paranparagat prachin paddhati se sanskrit ki shiksha prapt karane vale baba nagarjun hindi, maithili, sanskrit tatha baangla mean kavitaean likhate the. maithili bhasha mean likhe ge apake kavy sangrah ‘patrahin nagn gachh’ ke lie apako sahity akadami puraskar se sammanit kiya gaya. hindi kavy-manch par apani satyavadita aur lag-lapet se rahit kavitaean lambe yug tak gane ke bad 5 navambar sanh 1998 ko khvaja saray, darabhanga, bihar mean yah rachanakar hamare bich se vida ho gaya.^[1]

sahityik parichay

unake svayan kahe anusar unaki 40 rajanitik kavitaoan ka chirapratikshit sangrah ‘vishakha’ aj bhi upalabdh nahian hai. sanbhavana bhar ki ja sakati hai ki kabhi chhutaphut roop mean prakashit ho gayi ho, kiantu vah is roop mean chihnit nahian hai. so kul milakar tisara sangrah ab bhi pratikshit hi manana chahie. hiandi mean unaki bahut-si kavy pustakean haian. yah sarvavidit hai. unaki pramukh rachana-bhashaean maithili aur hiandi hi rahi haian. maithili unaki matribhasha hai aur hiandi rashtrabhasha ke mahatv se utani nahian jitani unake sahaj svabhavik aur kahean to prakrit rachana-bhasha ke taur par unake b de kavyakarm ka madhyam bani. ab tak prakash mean a sake unake samast lekhan ka anupat vismayakari roop se maithili mean bahut kam aur hiandi mean bahut adhik hai. apani prabhavanviti mean ‘akal aur usake bad’ kavita mean abhivyakt nagarjun ki karuna sadharan durbhiksh ke dard se bahut age tak ki lagati hai. 'phatehali' mahaj koee bauddhik pradarshan hai. is path ko prashast karane ka bhi maithili-shrey yatri ji ko hi hai.

maithili-bhasha aandolan

inake poorv tak, maithili lekhak-kavi ke lie bhale maithili-bhasha-aandolan ki aitihasik vivashata rahi ho, lekin kavi-lekhak bahudha is bat aur vyavahar par atmamugdh dhang se sakriy the ki ‘saikil ki haiandil mean apana choo da-sattoo baandhakar mithila ke gaanv-gaanv jakar prachar-prasar karane mean apana jivan dan kar diya. isake badale mean kisi prapti ki asha nahian rakhi. matribhasha ki seva ke badale koee dam kya? maithili aur hiandi ka bhashik vichar unaka hoo-bahoo vaisa nahian paya gaya jaisa am taur se in donoan hi bhashaoan ke itihas-dosh ya rashtrabhasha banam matribhasha ki dvandvatmakata mean dekhane-manane ka chalan hai.^[2]

ma‌rksavad ka prabhav

ma‌rksavad se vah gahare prabhavit rahe, lekin ma‌rksavad ke tamam roop aur rang dekhakar vah khinn the. vah poochhate the kaun se ma‌rksavad ki bat kar rahe ho, ma‌rks ya charu majoomadar ya che gvera ki? isi tarah unhoanne jayaprakash narayan ka samarthan zaroor kiya, lekin jab janata parti viphal rahi to baba ne jayaprakash ko bhi nahian chho da-

khich di viplav dekha hamane
bhoga hamane kraanti vilas
ab bhi khatm nahian hoga kya
poornakraanti ka bhraanti vilas.

kraantikarita mean unaka jabaradast vishvas tha isilie vah jayaprakash ki ahiansak kraanti se lekar naksaliyoan ki sashakt kraanti tak ka samarthan karate the-

kam nahian hai, dam nahian hai
tarunoan ko uthane do bandook
phir karava lena atmasamarpan

lekin isake lie unaki alochana bhi hoti thi ki baba ki koee vicharadhara hi nahian hai, baba kahian tikate hi nahian haian. nagarjun ka manana tha ki vah janavadi haian. jo janata ke hit mean hai vahi mera bayan hai. maian kisi vicharadhara ka samarthan karane ke lie paida nahian hua hooan. maian garib, mazadoor, kisan ki bat karane ke lie hi hooan. unhoanne garib ko garib hi mana, use kisi jati ya varg mean vibhajit nahian kiya. tamam arthik abhavoan ke bavajood unhoanne vishad lekhan kary kiya.^[3]

kritiyaan

nagarjun ke gitoan mean kavy ki pi da jis layatmakata ke sath vyakt huee hai, vah anyatr kahian nahian dikhaee deti. apane kavy ke sath-sath gady mean bhi lekhani chalaee. apake anek hindi upanyas, ek maithili upanyas tatha sanskrit bhasha se hindi mean anoodit granth bhi prakashit hue. kavy-jagath ko ap ek darjan kavy-sangrah, do khand kavy, do maithili kavita sangrah tatha ek sanskrit kavy ‘dharmalok shatakamh’ thati ke roop mean dekar ge. prakashit kritiyoan mean pahala varg upanyasoan ka hai.

upanyas

'ratinath ki chachi' (1948 ee.)
'balachanama' (1952 ee.)
'nayi paudh' (1953 ee.)
'baba batesaranath' (1954 ee.)
'dukhamochan' (1957 ee.)
'varun ke bete' (1957 ee.)
ugratara
kuanbhipak
paro
asaman mean chaand tare

maithili rachanaean

hirak jayanti (upanyas)
patrahin nagn gachh (kavita-sangrah)

kavita-sangrah

apane khet mean
yugadhara
satarange pankhoan vali
talab ki machhaliyaan
khich di vipalv dekha hamane
hajar-hajar bahoan vali
purani jootiyoan ka koras
tumane kaha tha
akhir aisa kya kah diya maianne
is gubar ki chhaya mean
om mantr
bhool jao purane sapane
ratnagarbh

bal sahity

katha manjari bhag-1
katha manjari bhag-2
maryada purushottam
vidyapati ki kahaniyaan

vyangy

abhinandan

nibandh sangrah

ann hinam kriyanam

baangla rachanaean

maian militri ka purana gho da (hindi anuvad)

in aupanyasik kritiyoan mean nagarjun samajik samasyaoan ke sadhe hue lekhak ke roop mean samane ate haian. janapadiy sanskriti aur lok jivan unaki katha-srishti ka chau da phalak hai. unhoanne kahian to aanchalik parivesh mean kisi gramin parivesh ke sukh-du:kh ki kahani kahi hai, kahian marksavadi siddhantoan ki jhalak dete hue samajik andolanoan ka samarthan kiya hai aur kahian-kahian samaj mean vyapt shoshan vritti evan dharmik samajik kritiyoan par kutharaghat kiya hai. in sandarbhoan mean nagarjun ki 'baba batesaranath' rachana ullekhaniy evan paripusht kriti hai. isamean zamiandari unmoolan ke bad ki samajik samasyaoan evan gramin paristhitiyoan ka aankan hua hai aur nidan roop mean samajavadi sangathan dvara vyapak sangharsh ki parikalpana ki gee hai. katha ke prastutikaran ke lie vyavahrit kiye jane vale ek abhinav rochak shilp ki drishti se bhi nagarjun ka yah upanyas mahattvapoorn hai.

kavita

nagarjun ki prakashit rachanaoan ka doosara varg kavitaoan ka hai. unaki anek kavitaean patr-patrikaoan mean prakashit hoti rahi haian. 'yugadhara' (1952) unaka prarambhik kavy sankalan hai. idhar ki kavitaoan ka ek sangrah 'satarange pankhoanvali' prakashit hua hai. kavi ki haisiyat se nagarjun pragatishil aur ek had tak prayogashil bhi haian. unaki anek kavitaean pragati aur prayog ke manikaanchan sanyog ke karan is prakar ke sahaj bhav sauandary se dipt ho uthi haian. adhunik hindi kavita mean shisht gambhir tatha sookshm chutile vyangy ki drishti se bhi nagarjun ki kuchh rachanaean apani ek alag pahachan rakhati haian. inhoanne kahian-kahian saras marmik prakriti chitran bhi kiya hai.

bhasha-shaili

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif nagarjun jaisa prayogadharma kavi kam hi dekhane ko milata hai, chahe ve prayog lay ke hoan, chhand ke hoan, vishayavastu ke hoan. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

- namavar sianh

janakavi ka khitab

azadi ke pahale se lekar apani zindagi ki akhiri saans tak janata ke sath kandha bhi dakar l dane-bhi dane, usase sikhane aur use sikhane ki yah jid nagarjun ke kavita ke kro d mean hai. satta ke khilaf kh da hona, samakalin alochakoan ki kutil bhroo-bhangima se morcha lena aur sahity ki pavitr bhoomi se barkhastagi, yahi to milata hai janakavi ko. par rukie, use janata ka pyar milata hai. dilli ki basoan ke chidhe-khijhalaye draivaroan se lekar bihar ke dhadhakate khet-khalihanoan ke khet-majoor tak use sar-aankhoan par rakhate haian. ab saval bacha lokapriyatavad ka. lokapriy hona kisi kavi ki kamazori nahian, usaki majabooti hai, agar vah lokapriyata ke lie apane eeman ka sauda nahian karata. agar vah saty, janata aur apane ap se dagabazi nahian karata. nagarjun ne lokapriy hone ke lie koee samajhauta nahian kiya. jab-jab unhean laga ki janata badalav ke apane raste par hai, ve usake sath rahe- sikhate-sikhate. 'jan-andolanoan ka itihas' nam ki kitab agar ap likhane ki sochean to ekabar nagarjun ke kavy-sansar ki or palat kar dekh lean. tebhaga-telangana se lekar je.pi. ki sampoorn kranti tak aur bhagatasianh se lekar bhojapur tak ap yahaan darj payeange, aur payeange kitane hi sthaniy pratirodh, jinako itihas ki mukhyadhara hamesha hi bhula deti hai. par yah koee aandh andolan bhakti ka sabab nahian. andolanoan ka tootana-bikharana, unaki kami-kamazori, sab apani sampoornata mean yahaan maujood hai. je.pi. andolan par kramashah likhi kavitaean isaki gavahi haian- 'kranti sugabugaee hai' se 'khich di viplav dekha hamane' tak. sirph kavi hi aandolanoan par prabhav nahian dalate, andolan bhi un par asar chho date haian. kedar, trilochan aur nagarjun, jo ki kheti-kisani ki zindagi ke kavi haian, kavitayean ve pahale se hi likh rahe the par sudhijanoan ki nazar un par tab p di jab naksal andolan ne zamin ke saval ko rajaniti ke keandr mean sthapit kar diya. so kavita aur janaandolan ka yah gahara dvandvatmak sanbandh gauratalab hai. jan-itihas ki batean bahut itihasakaroan ne kian, likha bhi par nagarjun ke shanadar kalam ke marfat bharat ke sankshiptatam jan-itihas se roo b roo hoan-

paanch poot bharatamata ke, dushman tha khooankhar
goli khakar ek mar gaya, baki bach ge char
char poot bharatamata ke, charoan chatur-pravin
desh nikala mila ek ko, baki bach ge tin
tin poot bharatamata ke, l dane lag ge vo
alag ho gaya udhar ek, ab baki bach ge do
do bete bharatamata ke, chho d purani tek
chipak gaya ek gaddi se, baki bach gaya ek
ek poot bharatamata ka, kandhe par tha jhanda
pulis pak d kar jel le gee, baki bach gaya aanda !

bachapane ki sankhyaoan aur ginatiyoan ke sammohak sansar se bavasta karati yah kavita kautoohal aur jijnasa ke hamare adim manobhav se khelati hai, usi ko apani zamin ke bataur istemal karati hai. yah khasa mushkil kam hai kisi kavi ke lie ki vah lagabhag pratik mean badal ge roop ka istemal ne kathy ke lie kare. yahaan roop ka paranparik arth ne arth par bhari p d sakata hai aur kavita atanrik asangati se g dab da sakati hai. par yahi to kaviyoan ko lubhata bhi hai. bachapane ki lay aur tuk mean jan-itihas bharane ki dilachasp lalak mean nagarjun yahaan hazir haian. is lay mean maujood kutoohal aur jijnasa ka istemal karate aur use adhunik itihas ki samiksha ke lie baratate hue. kavita bharatamata ke paanch balidani, l dakoo sapootoan ke sangharsh se shuroo hoti hai. pahale donoan ko kramashah hatya aur desh nikala milata hai. azadi ke lie l di purani pidhi ko nagarjun apani is kavita mean gaurav se yad karate haian. bhagatasianh jaise dheroan bharatamata ke betoan ko khooankhar dushman ke khilaph l dane ke lie phaansi aur goli hi mili. lekin jo baki bache, unako to us shahadat ka adhar bana hua mila. unhoanne kya kiya? nagarjun ne sidhe desh ke vibhajan par kuchh nahian likha. kyoan nahian likha, is vishay par vidvanoan ke dheroan kayas haian. par is kavita ki aantarik sangati ko samajhate hue us bete ke bare mean, jo udhar alag ho gaya, par bar-bar khyal atakata hai. kya yah vibhajan ke alava aur kuchh hai? kya alag hona aur desh nikala jaisi ghatanaoan ko vibhajan ke dard se jo da ja sakata hai?^[4]

nagarjun rachanavali

sat brihath khandoan mean prakashit nagarjun rachanavali hai jisaka ek khand 'yatri samagr', jo maithili samet baangla, sanskrit adi bhashaoan mean likhit rachanaoan ka hai. maithili kavitaoan ki ab tak prakashit yatri ji ki donoan pustakean kramashah ‘chitra’ aur ‘patrahin nagn gachh’^[5] samet unaki samast chhutaphut maithili kavitaoan ke sangrah haian.^[2]

samman aur puraskar

nagarjun ko sahity akadami puraskar se, unaki aitihasik maithili rachana 'patrahin nagn gachh' ke lie 1969 mean sammanit gaya tha. unhean sahity akadami ne 1994 mean sahity akadami phelo ke roop mean bhi namaankit kar sammanit kiya tha.

sahity mean sthan

'yugadhara', khichadi़', 'viph‍lav dekha hamane', 'patrahin nagh‍n gachh', 'ph‍yasi patharaee aankhean', is gubh‍bare ki chhaya mean', 'satarange pankhoanvali', 'maian militri ka boodha़ gho da' jaisi rachanaoan se am janata mean chetana phailane vale nagarjun ke sahith‍y par vimarsh ka saraansh tha ki baba nagarjun janakavi the aur ve apani kavitaoan mean am logoan ke dard ko bayaan karate the. vicharak h aaubh‍sabam ne is sadi ko ativadoan ki sadi kaha hai. unh‍hoanne kaha ki nagarjun ka vh‍yaktith‍v bisavian shatabh‍di ki tamam mahath‍vapoorn ghatanaoan se nirmit hua tha. ve apani rachanaoan ke madhh‍yam se shoshanamukh‍t samaj ya yoan kahean ki samatamoolak samaj nirman ke lie prayasarat the. unaki vicharadhara yatharth jivan ke anh‍tarvirodhoan ko samajhane mean madad karati hai. varsh 1911 isalie mahath‍vapoorn mana jata hai kh‍yoanki usi varsh shamasher bahadur sianh, kedaranath agraval, phaij evan nagarjun paida hue. unake sangharsh, kriyakalapoan aur upalabdhiyoan ke karan bisavian sadi mahath‍vapoorn bani. inh‍hoanne gariboan ke bare mean, janh‍m dene vali maan ke bare mean, mazadooroan ke bare mean likha. lokabhasha ke virat uth‍sav mean ve ge aur kavh‍y bhasha arjit ki. lokabhasha ke sanpark mean rahane ke karan inaki kavitaean auroan se alag hai. suprasiddh kavi alok dhanh‍va ne nagarjun ki rachanaoan ko sandarbhit karate hue kaha ki unaki kavitaoan mean azadi ki l daee ki aantarvash‍tu shamil hai. nagarjun ne kavitaoan ke jarie kee l daiyaan l dian. ve ek kavi ke roop mean hi mahath‍vapoorn nahian hai apitu ne bharat ke nirmata ke roop mean dikhaee dete haian.^[6]

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ nagarjun (hiandi) kavyaanchal. abhigaman tithi: 31 janavari, 2013.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 nagarjun/parichay (hiandi) gadyakosh. abhigaman tithi: 31 janavari, 2013.
↑ nagarjun ki kavitaean (hiandi) jagaran jankshan. abhigaman tithi: 1 julaee, 2013.
↑ mrityuanjay. shatabdi smaran : nagarjun (hiandi) shabad (bl aaug). abhigaman tithi: 25 janavari, 2015.
↑ sahity akadami puraskrit
↑ nagarjun ki janh‍mashati par samaroh sanpann (hiandi) vebaduniya hiandi. abhigaman tithi: 31 janavari, 2013.

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[1] rjun (hiandi) kavyaanchal. abhigaman tithi: 31 janavari, 2013.

[.E0.A4.97.E0.A4.A6.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AF.E0.A4.95.E0.A5.8B.E0.A4.B6-2] 2.0 ^2.1 nagarjun/parichay (hiandi) gadyakosh. abhigaman tithi: 31 janavari, 2013.

[3] rjun ki kavitaean (hiandi) jagaran jankshan. abhigaman tithi: 1 julaee, 2013.

[4] rityuanjay. shatabdi smaran : nagarjun (hiandi) shabad (bl aaug). abhigaman tithi: 25 janavari, 2015.

[5] sahity akadami puraskrit

[6] rjun ki janh‍mashati par samaroh sanpann (hiandi) vebaduniya hiandi. abhigaman tithi: 31 janavari, 2013.

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