नाथूरामशर्मा 'शंकर'
nathooramasharma 'shankar'
| |
| poora nam | nathooram sharma |
| any nam | shankar |
| janm | 1859 |
| janm bhoomi | hanraduaganj, aligadh |
| mrityu | 1935 |
| mrityu sthan | hanraduaganj, aligadh |
| karm-kshetr | sahity, kavy |
| mukhy rachanaean | 'anurag ratn', 'shankar saroj', 'garmaranda-rahasy', |
| bhasha | hiandi, urdoo, farasi tatha sanskrit |
| prasiddhi | sahityakar |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| any janakari | nathooram sharma ne ayurved ka adhyayan kiya aur shighr hi piyooshapani vaidy ke roop mean vikhyat ho gaye. kh diboli ke kavy ke pratham nirnayakoan mean nathooram sharma agrani haian evan kavita ko samaj ke sath sambandhit karane ka aitihasik dayitv unhoanne nibhaya hai. |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
nathooramasharma 'shankar' (aangrezi: Nathuram Sharma, janm- 1859, hanraduaganj, aligadh; mrityu- 1935) b de sahityanuragi the. ye hiandi, urdoo, farasi tatha sanskrit bhashaoan ke achchhe jnata the aur padyarachana mean atyant siddh hast the.
parichay
nathooram sharma ka janm 1859 ko hanraduaganj, aligadh, uttar pradesh mean hua tha. inaka any nam shankar bhi hai. ye hiandi, urdoo evan farasi bhashaoan ke achchhe jnata the tatha bad mean sanskrit bhasha mean bhi poori tarah yogyata arjit kar li thi. nakshanavisi aur paimais ka kam sikhakar ve kanapur mean nahar vibhag mean naukari karane lage. apane kary mean to ve daksh the hi daphtar ke aangrez aphasaroan ko hiandi bhi sikhate the. lagabhag sadhe sat sal kanapur mean is pad par kam karate rahe, phir achanak hi ek din svabhimani nathooram sharma ne apane samman ke prashn par naukari se tyagapatr de diya aur janm-sthan ko laut gaye. jivika ke liye unhoanne naye sire se ayurved ka adhyayan kiya aur shighr hi piyooshapani vaidy ke roop mean vikhyat ho gaye.
rachana
rachana ka strot unamean prarambh se hi vidyaman tha. kahate haian ki terah varsh ki ayu mean hi apane ek sathi par unhoanne doha likha tha. vah urdoo-pharasi ka jamana tha. mushayaro ka jor tha. balak nathooram ki srijanashakti pahale se is urdoo madhyam ki or hi akrisht huee aur ve haraduaganj ke mushayaroan mean shighr hi apana 'kalam' padhane ke liye amantrit hone lage. parantu is samay tak ary samaj ki hava bahane lagi thi- balak nathooram par usaka bhi prabhav p da evan kanapur ane par vah prabhav hi gahara nahian hua, bharateandu mandal ke anyatam nakshatr pan. pratapanarayan mishr aur unake 'brahman' ke sampark mean aye. unaki pratibha 'hiandi' ke madhyam se yahi se phooti.
- kavyagranth
'anurag ratn', 'shankar saroj', 'garmaranda-rahasy', namak granth apake jivanakal mean hi prakashit ho gaye the. san 1951 ee. mean unaki muktak kavitaoan ke paanch sangrah (gitavali, kavita kuanj, doha, samasya poortiyaan, vividh rachanaean) 'shankar sarvasv' namak sangrah mean ek sath sangrahit hokar prakashit ho gaye haian. inake atirikt 'kalit kalevar' namak nakh-sikh varnan sambandhit ritikalin parampara ka kavyagranth aur unhoanne likha tha, par samasamayik jivan aur prakritiyoan ke prati jagarook shankar ji ne use apane hi hathoan nasht kar diya. 'shankar satasee' namak unaka ek any granth jal kar nasht ho gaya tha.
shankar ji ka rachanakal bharatendu-yug se lekar dvivedi yug tak prasarit hai. ve vastav mean ek prakar se sankraanti yug ke kavi the. unaka rachanakal ka sabase adhik urvat samay vah tha, jab ary samaj evan bharatiy rashtriy aandolan jor pak d rahe the. bharateandu-yug ki parinati dvivedi yug mean ho rahi thi. sahity ke vishay hi nahian, bhasha bhi badal gayi thi. us samay purane ke prati moh bhi tha, vivek ke alok mean naye ko grahan karane ki cheshta bhi ki thi. mahakavi 'shankar' mean ye sabhi pravrittiyaan baddhamool thian.
'shankar' ji apani shiksha-diksha, sanskar tatha yugin ruchiyoan mean do poorvavarti paramparaoan se sambandhit the. ek parampara urdoo-kavy aur usake mushayaroan ki thi tatha doosari ritikalin brajabhasha ke kavitt, savaiya evan dohoan ki shrriangari parampara thi. donoan hi paramparaean evan vakri-kaushal par bal deti thian. donoan mean hi abhyas evan lakshanashastr par atyadhik bal diya tha. padak, puraskar upahar evan vah-vahi kavi liye nitant gaurav ka vishay hote the. 'shankar' bhi urdoo aur hiandi mean chamatkarapoorn kavitaean likhate the. samasya poortiyoan mean to ve nishnat the. jivan mean saik doan samasya poortiyaan unhoanne kian aur unake adhar par sammanit hue. 'bharat prajneandu', 'sahity sudhadhar' adi darjanoan upadhiyaan unhean apani is sahaj chamatkarini kavitv shakti ke lie prapt huee thi. unaki abhivyanjana ka yah vaidagdhy navin bhasha evan kavy ke navin vishayoan ko apanane ke bad bhi surakshit raha.[1]
- sahity kshetr
unaka vastavik mahattv un chamatkarapoorn vyanjanaoan ki apeksha us shakti mean nihit hai, jisake karan ve naye jivan ki samasyaoan ko samajh sake the. us jivan nean unhean andolit evan prerit kiya tha. yadi yah shakti unamean n hoti to n to ritikal ke ram-bodh mean paga unaka man desh-bhakti evan samaj-sudhar ki saik doan kavitaean evan 'garbharanda rahasy' jaisa prabandh-kavy ek samajik samasya par likh pate aur n ve kh diboli ko kavy ke kshetr mean itane saras shaktipoorn dhang se atmavishvasapoorvak prayukt kar pate. mahavir prasad dvivedi ne jab gady-pady ki bhashaoan ko ek roop karane ke lie 'sarasvati' ke madhyam se prayas prarambh kiya, tab kh diboli ki 'sarasvati' mean prakashit kavitaoan ke bare mean apani ray likhate hue da. grisarsan ne unhean niras bataya tha. dvivedi ji ne 'shankar ji' se 'sarasvati' ki laj rakhane ki prarthana ki. is prarthana ke parinamasvaroop 'shankar' ki 'sarasvati' mean prakashit kavitaean padhakar griyarsan ne kh diboli ki kavitaoan ke sambandh mean apani sammati ko parivartan karate hue dvivedi ji ko likha- "ab maian nishchay poorvak kah sakata hooan ki kh diboli mean bhi suandar aur saras kavitaean ho sakati hai." kh diboli mean unake likhe kavitt aj bhi bejo d mane jate haian. mean gatanurgatikata aur adambar ko chhiannn-bhinn karake sarvatha navin pranaliyoan ke prayoktaoan mean se ek pramukh prayokt ka gaurav unhean milana chahiye. desh ki arthik duravastha, kisanoan ki garibi aur daridrata ka unhoanne marmasparshi chitran kiya hai- "kaise pet akianchan soy rahe, bin bhojan balak roy rahe, chith de tak bhi n rahe tan pai, dhik dhool p de is jivan pai." sampradayavad gurudam, dhrirtata ko unhoanne dhikkara hai, bharat ki shastrahinata par kshobh prakat kiya hai. paradhinata par marmaantak vedana ka prakashan kiya hai. rishvatakhor aphasaroan evan soodakhor ko daant pilayi hai. shilpakala ki durdasha par aansoo bahaye haian, koopamandookata ka tiraskar kiya hai. dharm ke pakhandiyoan ke pakhand ka nirmam-bhav se udaghatan kiya hai. apane yug ki samast naitik, samajik, rajanitik evan dharmik samasyaoan par unhoanne apane kavy ke madhyam se vichar kiya hai.
sudhar evan sangharsh-yug ki pravritti ke anukool yah jagarookata yadyapi pratyaksh evan sthool roop se prakat huee hai par isase un pradesh ke aitihasik mahattv mean kami nahian ati, jo 'shankar' ki vani dvara hiandi kavy ke vishay kshetr evan bhasha ko prapt hua hai. unake man mean kavy evan chhand ki ekata gahare roop mean vidyaman thi- isi karan purane vishayoan mean hi nahian, nayi shaili mean bhi chhand sambandhi tratiyaan unamean apavad ke liye bhi prapt nahian hoti. chhandoan ke anek naye evan sashakt prayog bhi unhoanne kiye haian. do chhandoan ke mishran se naye chhand bhi unhoanne banaye haian jaise trotakatmak (miliandapad) tatha kajali gaise lokachhandoan ko bhi unhoanne apanaya hai. matrik chhandoan mean bhi saman varnoan ki yojana ka dassadhy kary unhoanne kiya hai. kavitt chhand ke to ve pandit the. 'sanehi' ji ne apane prarambhik rachanakal mean unase prashansa payi thi. vastav mean 'sanehi' evan 'ratnakar' ki parampara ke ve bij the. unaka brajabhasha kavi ka roop ratnakar mean nikharata hai evan kh diboli ki ghanakshari-savaiya ki parampara 'sanehi skool' mean pashpit-pallavit hoti hai.
apane hasy evan vyangy ke lie jis sachot bhasha ka unhoanne upayog kiya hai, usake karan 'shankar ji' ki bhasha ke bare mean ek bhram phail gaya hai ki ve purush shabdavali ka prayog karate haian. yah bat saty nahian hai. unake shrriangar, karun evan shaant rasasambandhi chhandoan ki bhasha mridul evan shrritipriy hai. apane vyangy-kavy avashy unhoanne madhurata ki or dhyan nahian diya. par yah vishay ka takaja tha. vyangy-vyay likhane ke lie bhasha ko adhik samarth aur shaktishali hona bhi chahie. nathooram ji ki bhasha mean yah saty poornima nirhit hai. 'garbharanda rahasy' mean vidhavaoan ki buri sthiti evan mandiroan mean chalane vale durachar ki isi karari bhasha mean bakhiya udhedan ki gayi hai. vastav mean anek samajik vishayoan par likhe gaye kavy ka mrilasvar ojapoorn hai. padmasianh sharma unake kavy mean ras, alankar, chhand adi paramparagat tattvoan par mugdh the aur isi karan adhunik kaviyoan mean unhean sarvashreshth evan anek aanshoan mean prachin kaviyoan se hi achchha samajhate the. itihasajn kashiprasad jayasaval ne unhean nayi pady-rachana ke mool acharyoan mean se mana tha evan is navinata se abhibhoot ganesh shankar vidyarthi ne unamean 'jabaradast maulikata' dekhi thi.
- rajanitik jivan
svatantrata kavy-rachana ke atirikt urdoo-pharasi aur sanskrit ki kavitaoan evan sooktiyoan ke ve uttam anuvadak bhi the. padmasianh sharma unase bahudha aise anuvad karaya karate the. kanapur pravas mean unhoanne pratap narayan mishr ke 'brahman' ke sampadan mean bhi apana bahumooly sahayog diya tha. phir ve keval kore sahityik hi nahian the, rashtriy svatantry sangram evan aryasamaj ke aandolanoan mean unhoanne khulakar nirbhayatapoorvak kam kiya tha.
kh diboli ke kavy ke pratham nirnayakoan mean nathooram sharma agrani haian evan kavita ko samaj ke sath sambandhit karane ka aitihasik dayitv unhoanne nibhaya hai. kh diboli ko unhoanne kavyashaili evan chhandoan ke saanche hi nahian diye, abhivyanjanagat samarthy bhi pradan ki. unake isi aitihasik mahattv ko dhyan mean rakhate hue hi premachandaji ne dilli praantiy hiandi sahity ke sammelan ke adhyakshiy bhashan mean kaha tha- "shayad koee jamana aye ki haraduaganj ('shankar' ki janmabhoomi) hamara tirthasthan ban jae." kavy mean jise 'retasik' tattv kahate haian, vah hamean unake kavy mean prabhrit matra mean upalabdh hota hai, balki kahana yoan chahie ki hiandi-kavy mean unaki paramparaoan mean hi yah tattv aj bhi apramukh nahian ho saka hai.
mrityu
nathooram sharma ki mrityu hanraduaganj namak kasbe mean san 1935 ee. mean hua thi.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ hindi sahity kosh |lekhak: dhireandr varma (pradhan) |prakashak: jnanamandal limited varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari |prishth sankhya: 297 |
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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