नायिका भेद

sanskrit sahity mean bharatamuni ke naty shastr mean adhikaanshat: natakiy patroan ke vargikaran prastut hue haian. "agnipuran" mean pratham bar nayak-nayika ka vivechan shrriangar ras ke alanban vibhavoan ke roop mean kiya gaya hai.

nayika ke bhed

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bharat ke anusar nayika ke ath bhed haian-

1. vasakajja
2. virahotkanthita
3. svadhinapatika
4. kalahaantarita
5. khandita
6. vipralabdha
7. proshitabhartrika
8. abhisarika.

paravarti lekhakoan ke anusar, jise "prakriti-bhed" kaha gaya hai, nayika tin prakar ki hoti hai. uttama, madhyama, adhama. "agnipuran" ke lekhak ne nayika ke keval ek vargikaran ka ullekh kiya hai : svakiya, paravikaya, punarbhoo, samanya. in char bhedoan mean se punarbhoo ko age chalakar manyata prapt nahian huee. rudrat ("kavyalankar", navian shatabdi) tatha rudrabhatt (shrriangaratilak, 900-1100 ee.) ne ek shodash bhed vargikaran prastut kiya, jise paravarti lekhakoan dvara sarvadhik pradhanata di gee. yah vargikaran is prakar hai : nayika : svakiya, parakiya, samanya. svakiya : mugdha, madhya, pragalbha. madhya tatha pragalbha : dhira, madhya (dhiradhira), adhira. madhya tatha pragalbha; pun: jyeshtha, kanishtha. parakiya : oodha, anoodha (kanya).

kavyashastriy granthoan mean nayika-bhed

nayika ki charcha kamashastr ke pashchath agnipuran mean hai, bharatamuni ke mat ka anusaran karate hue bhojadev ne nayika bhed ka niroopan savistar kiya hai. bhoj ne bhi yah bhed svikara hai-

                                    gunato nayika api syaduttamamadhyamadhama.
                                    mugdha madhya pragalbha ch vayasa kaushalen va..
                                    dhiraadhira ch dhairyen spanyadiya parigrahath.
                                    oodhanoodhopayamanath kramajjyeshtha kaniyasi..
                                    manadrdherooddhatodatta shanta ch lalita ch sa.
                                    samanya ch punarbhooshch svairini cheti vrittitah..
                                    ajivatastu ganika roopajiva vilasini.
                                    avasthatoapara chashtau vijneyaah khanditadayah..

'shrrigaraprakash‘ mean nayika bhed adhik vistar ke sath varnit hai. yahaan, adhama aur jyeshtha nayikaean ullikhit nahian haian. svakiya evan parakiya ke prithak-prithakh bhed bataye gaye haian- uttama, madhyama, kanishtha, oodha, anoodha, dhira, adhira, mugdha, madhya aur pragalbha. bhedopabhedoan ka samagratah kshata, yatayat aur yayavara char bhed tatha samanya ke-oodha, anoodha, svayanvara, svairini evan veshya ye paanch bhed kiye gaye haian. bhoj ne apane granth mean madhya aur pragalbha ke ‘dhira adhira‘ sanjnak tritiy bhed ko nahian svikara evan unhoanne jyeshtha ka namollekh n karake ‘poorvanoodha’ ko hi jyeshtha aangikar kiya hai. samanyata nayika ke bhojakrit bhed vivechan ko shastr mean apoorv hi manana p dega. isake pashchath ‘mandar-marandachampoo’granth mean krishnakavi ne ‘kshata, akshata’ adi nayika-vivechan mean bhojadev ka ullekh kiya hai.

hemachandr ke kavyanushasan mean nayika bhed

kavyanushasan mean hemachandr ne bhi nayika-vivechan kiya hai, kintu yahaan atyant sankshipt vivaran hai. madhya, mugdha aushr pragalbha tinoan ke do-do bhed vay evan kaushal ke adhar par kiya gaya hai. yatha-vayasa mugdha, kaushalen mugdha, vayasa madhya, kaushalen madhya aur isi prakar vayasa-pragalbha, kaushalen pragalbha dhira, adhira adi bhed bhi madhya adi nayikaoan ke svikare gaye haian. bharatamuni ke natayashastriya rityanusar poorvamoodha jyeshtha, pashchashadoodha kanishtha nayikaean kahi gayi haian. parakiya nayika ke matr tin hi bhed-virahotkanthita, abhisarika tatha vipralabdha mane hai. isake atirikt vagbhatalankar tatha prataparooyashobhooshan granthoan mean bhi sankshepatah nayika bhed ka kathan hai. vivechan mean koee ullekhaniy vaishishtay nahian hai. vagbhatt ne char-anoodha, svakiya, parakiya aur paraangana (samanya) bhed likha hai.

sahity darpan mean nayika bhed

sanskrit ke kavyashastriy granthoan mean ‘sahity darpan‘ ka atyant mahatvapoorn sthan hai. is granth mean nayika bhed ka vivechan milata hai. achary vishvanath ne apane poorvacharyoan dvara niroopit nayika ke pramukh bhed hi svikar kar upabhed kathan mean navinata ki kalpana ki hai. yatha-svakiya ke mukhy mugdha, madhya aur pragalbha tin bhedoan ke upabhed parigan sarvatha navin hai-

mugdha-

1. prathamavatirnayauvana
2. prathamavatirnamadanavikara
3. ratau vama (yah shiangabhoopal ne bhi svikara hai)
4. mane mridu
5. samadhikalajjavati.

madhya-

1. vichitrasurata
2. gadhataroonya
3. samastaratakovida
4. eeshatpragalbha vachana
5. madhyamavridita.

pragalbha-

1. smarandha
2. gadhataroonya
3. samastarakovida
4. bhavonnata
5. svalp vri da
6. akrantanayaka.

madhya, pragalbha ke dhira adi tinoan bhed evan jyeshtha aur kanishtha upabhed bhi varnit haian. sahityadarpan mean is prakar madhya tatha pragalbha ke barah bhed, mugdha ek bhed, sviya ke kul terah bhed hue. parakiya ke kanya-parodha do bhed, samanya ek bhed, ab kul solah prakar ki nayikaean ho gayian. avasthiti ke anusar svadhinabhartrika adi ath bhed phir uttam, madhyam aur adham aur adham bhed se tin prakar ki nayikaean. ant mean yadi bhedopabhedoan ka sankalan kar diya jay to-16×8=12×3=384 prakar ki nayikaoan ki ganana is granth mean ki gayi hai. jaisa ki oopar ki panktiyoan mean kaha- parakiya ke poorvacharyoan dvara vivechit tin hi bhed mane haian-

1. virahotkanthitaka
2. abhisarika
3. vasakasajja.

bhanudatt ke rasamanjari mean nayika bhed

bhanudatt ke chhand rasamanjari, rasatarangini aur anyay kritiyoan ki rachana ke atirikt subhashit granthoan mean bhi prapt hote haian. kavi ki janmabhoomi mithila rahi parantu sarasvat-sadhana-sthal prayag tha. kavi kisi nripati virabhanu ka ashrit raha. yah sanket hamean padyaveni mean uddhat (chhand sankhya- 68) tatha sooktisundar (chhand sankhya- 102) se prapt hota haian.

                                    trayavasthaiv parastri syath prathaman virahonmanaah.
                                    tatoabhisarika bhootvaabhisaranti brajet svayamh..
                                    sanketachch paribhrashta vipralabdha bhaveth punah.
                                    paradhinapatitven nanyavasthatr sangata..

yahi nahian padyaveni ke hi chhand sankhya 161 mean usane nrip virabhanu ke vijayabhiyan ka atyant sundar varnan kiya hai-nripati ne vishal sena ke sath prasthan kiya, ranabherinad, gho doan ki hinahinahat aur hathiyoan ke chiangha d se bhishan kolahal utpann hue. brahmand-pind mean ek darar si p dane lagi. nrip-parakram ke tap se tapt u de hue suhage se mandakini, chandrama tatha tarakadal roop dhar usako punah poorit kiya. ashrayadata ki hi prashansa mean aisa varnan sambhav hai. bhanudatt ki rachanaoan mean nijamashah tatha sherashah ke bhi yashagan milate haian. paramparaya prachinakal mean kati prayah kisi n kisi nripati ne ashray mean kavy-sadhana karate rahe. hindi sahity ka ritikal is tathy ko sampusht karata hai. ritikal ke kavi aur achary rajyashray avashy hue, tabhi unhoanne nijamashah evan baghel nripati virabhanu ke gun aur yash bakhane haian. antim ashrayadata kadachith virabhanu raha. usaki bheant kavi se prayag mean huee. virabhanu ka shasanakal 1540-1555 eesaviy sanh raha. isaka rajy-vistar prayag tak tha. ‘gulabadan‘ mean ullekh hai ki arail tatha k da ka nripati viravahan raha, yah nishchay hi virabhanu ka muslim nam hai. virabhanu parakram, udarata evan danashilata se arjit yash ke pashchath antimavay mean prayagavasi ban gaya tha. virabhanooday kavy mean ullekh hai-‘putr ramachandr ke lie rajyabhar tyag kar vishay, abhilasha adi se chitt ko nivritt kar ganga-yamuna ke tat par nivas sthapit kiya‘ (12/27). vedaraksha-avatar svaroop (virabhanu) ne putr ramachandr ko yuvaraj-pad par abhishikt kar apani chittavrittiyoan ko, dharmaparayan (nrip) ne ganga-tat brahmanishth kar liya.
kavi bhanudatt ne apani kavy-pratibha ko samyakh vistar prayag mean hi udaramana nrip virabhanu ka sanrakshan prapt kar liya. kavi aur nrip donoan hi ki chitavritiyaan antim vay mean samanabhavi thian. antim vay mean hi donoan ki bheant huee thi. prayagasth ganga-yamuna ke prati virabhanu ki nishtha thi evan kavi ke hday mean pragadh lalak-samast bhoo-mandal ke paryatan ka meanra shram vyarth raha, vad ke lie vidya prapt ki, apana ‘sv’ ganvakar vibhinnadharadhishoan ke ashram mean pahuancha, kamalamukhi sundariyoan par drishti dali aur viyog duahkh jhela, sab vyarth, jo prayag mean basakar narayan ki aradhana nahian ki. kavi bhanudatt ki prayag ke prati astha vahaan nivasane ki lalak ka hi pratiphal tha jo vah paryatan karate yahaan pahuche aur nripati virabhanu ke ashrayi bane. vah kahate haian-sundar bhavan tyag kar nikunj mean rahana sukhakar hai, dhan-sampatti dan ki vastu hai, sangrah karane ke lie nahian, tirthoan ke jal ka pan kalyanakar hai, kush ki shayya par shayan karana sabhi astaranoan ke shayan se shreshthatam haian,chitt ko dharmamarg mean pravritt karana shreyaskar hai tatha sarvadhik kalyanadayak hai-ganga-yamuna ke sangam par rahakar puran-purush ka smaran karana. spasht hai, is karan bhanudatt ne prayag mean nrip virabhanu ka ashray grahan kar apani kavy-pratibha ko nikhara.

nayika-niroopan ka mahatv

rasamanjari nayika-niroopan ke mahatv aur pramukhata isalie hai ki rasoan mean shrriangar ras sarvashreshth mana jata hai, rasaangoan mean usaka alamban vibhav aur usamean nayika ka mahatv. yah rasamanjari nayika bhed vishay ke niroopan mean sarvatha navin parampara ka pravartak granth hai. isase poorv kavyashastriy acharyoan ne nayikadi niroopan vishay ko adhar man svatantr granth ki rachana nahian ki thi. rasamanjari ki rachana ke pashchath is vishay ko lekar sanskrit, hindi evan any bhashaoan mean granth pranayan prarambh hua. parinamatah is granth aur usamean vivechit vishay-vastu ka svatantr mahatv hai. rasamanjari mean bhi bhanudatt ne sviya, parakiya, samanya-poorvacharyoan dvara vivechit tin bhedoan ka ullekh kar mugdha, madhya, pragalbha prasiddh tinoan bhed svikara hai. unhoanne mugdha ke char navin bhed kiya-ajnat yauvana, jnat yauvana, navodha aur vishrabdh navodha. yah sanjna granthakar ne aankurit yauvan, roop ki vishishtata ke adhar par diya hai, spashtataah bhed ki sanjna nahian di hai. madhya ki ek nootan vyakhya ‘samanalajjamadanetyabhihita‘ evan ‘ativishrabdhanavodha‘ di gayi hai. pragalbha ke bhi do roop ratipritimati tatha anandasammohita bataye gaye haian. madhya, pragalbha ke dhira adi upabhed is prakar chhah, jyeshtha, kanishtha bhed se barah aur mugdha kul terah bhed jo sahity darpa mean charchit haian, vahi is granth mean bhi haian. phir bhanudatt ne inhean shatsankhyakh pariganit kiya-gupta, vidagdha, vritt suratagopana, vartishyaman suratagopana. vidagdha evan kriyavidagdha do prakar ki hoti haian. anushayana-vartaman sthanavighatanadanushayana, bhavisthanabhav shankaya anushayana tatha svanadhishthan sanketasthalan prati bharturgamananumanadanushayana. anushayanabhav ke tin bhed hue. parakiya ke in svaroopoan ke niroopan ka karan nishchit hi tatkalin samaj mean abhijatyavargiy nagarajanoan mean vikasit kamashastranusari vilas-las priyata rahi hogi. yadi paryavekshan kiya jay to rasamanjari karta dvara varnit gupta, vidagdha, lakshita, kulata, anushayana evan mudita ka antarbhav parakiya ke hi antargat ho jata hai.
bhanudatt ne poorvacharyoan ke hi saman samanya ka ek roop mana. sankalan karane par solah prakar ki, phir unake tin roop- any sambhog dukhita, vakroktigarvita (k) premagarvita (kh) saundaryagarvita. is prakar 13 (sviya) aur 1 (samanya) ke uttam, madhyam evan adham tin-tin bhed. parinamatah rasamanjari mean varnit nayikaoan ki sankhya 128×3=364huee. itana hi nahian punah divy, adivy tatha divyadivy pratyek ke tin-tin bhed svikarane par 364×3=1052 sankhya hoti hai.

hajarat saiyyad akabar shah husaini-shrriangaramanjari

akabarashah upanam ‘b de sahab‘ dvara yah granth telugu bhasha mean rachit hai. isaka sanpadan daॅ. raghavanh ne tatha prakashan 1952 mean haidarabad rajy ke puratatv vibhag ne kiya. granth ke bhoomikabhag mean granthakar ne spasht kiya hai-rasamanjari, amodaparimal (tika), shrriangaratilak, rasikapriya, rasarnav, prataparoodriy, sundar shrriangar, navarakavy, dasharoopak, vilasaratnakar, kavyapariksha, kavy prakash adi prachin granthoan ka alodan-vilodan karake yuktiyukt lakshanoan ke prachin udaharanoan ke adhar par nayika bhedoan ki kalpana kar, jinake udaharan n the unake udaharanoan ki rachana kar, jinake nam n the unake namakaran karake, prachin lakshan granthoan se ‘uparyukt udaharan sambandhit nayika vivechan mean likhakar yah rachana ki gayi. navaras mean shrriangararas ki pramukhata hone ke karan shrriangar rasalamban vibhav ke anuroop nayika niroopan kiya gaya hai. bhanudatt virachit rasamanjari hi shrriangaramanjari ka adhar hai. yatr-tatr granthakar ne navin upabhedoan ki parikalpana avashy kar dali hai. yatha-parakiya ke do any bhed anya aur parodha. phir parodha do prakar ki-udbuddha (svayamanuragini), udbodhita (nayakaprerita). tab unhoanne dhira, adhira, dhiradhira mean tin bhed udbodhita ke hi svikara hai. isi prakar udbuddha ke tin roop bataye haian-gupta, nipuna evan lakshita. nipuna ke tin bhed-vadnipuna, kriyanipuna, pativachchanipuna. pratham do to ‘vagvidagdha‘ evan ‘kriyavidagdha’ ke hi doosare namakaran haian, tisara bhed navin kalpana hai. lakshita do prakar ki-prachachhan, prakash lakshita. ‘prakash-lakshita’ ke kulata, mudita, anushayana, sahasika bhed kiye gaye haian. chaturth sahasika naya bhed hai. is granth mean samanya nayika ke paanch sarvatha navin bhed kiye gaye haian-svatantrata, jananyadhina, niyamita, klriptanurag, kalpitanuraga. isi prakar ‘anyasambhogaduahkhita‘ aur ‘manavati’ ka kathan ‘khandita’ ke prasang mean aya hai. avastha ke anusar vivechit asht nayikaoan mean ek nayi ‘vakroktigarvita’ jo di gayi hai. svadhipatika ke bhed kathan mean yuktiyukt avadharana ki hai. sviya-mugdha-madhya praglabha-parakiya-samanya-dootivachchika evan bhavishankita, ye shrriangaramanjari mean varnit ath prakar. proshitapatika ke sthan par avasit-pravasapatika. virahotkanthita ke do bhed-karyavilamb surata aur anutpann sambhoga. phir ‘anutpann sambhoga’ ke char bhed bataye haian-

1. darshananutapita
2. chitranutapita.
3. chitranutapita
4. svapnanutapita.

vipralabdha ke do bhed-nayakavachchitat tatha sakhivachchita. khandita chhah prakar ki dhira, adhira, dhiradhira, anyasambhog-duahkhita evan eeshryagarvita. ye bhedobhaped granthakar ne poorn vistar ke sath vivechit kiye haian. aisa vistrit niroopan any kisi granth mean upalabdh nahian hai. itane se hi ‘b de sahab’ ne viram nahian liya. apitu unhoanne ‘proshitapatika‘ tatha ‘kalahantarita’ ke bhi bhed bataye haian. yatha-eeshryakalah tatha pranayakalah vali do prakar ki kalahantarita. proshitapatika-pravasayapatika-pravasyapatika evan sakhnutapita mean proshitapatika ke bhed kiye gaye haian. parakiyabhisarika-jyotsnabhisarika, tamobhisarika, divabhisarika, garvabhisarika, kamabhisarika paanch prakar ki pariganit ki gayi haian. anekashah navin bhedobhedoan ki udbhavana ke karan -shrriangaramanjari nayika bhed-niroopan vishayak granthoan mean atyant mahatvapoorn hai.

nayika bhed niroopak any granth

shrriangaramritalahari, rasaratnahar, rasachandrika, sabhyalankaranamh adi ke atirikt rasik jivanamh. in granthoan mean nayi udbhavanaean nahian haian. gaudiy-vaishnavapampara mean bhi nayika vivechan kiya gaya haian. kavi karnapoor-virachit alankarakaustubh mean nayika ke bhedopabhed kul 1108sankhya tak pahuancha diye gaye haian.

navaramajjari

rachayita narahari achary. yah pandrahavian shati-antim bhag aur satarahavian shati-prathamabhag ke madhy upasthit rahe. granth chhah ullasoan mean nibaddh hai-doosare, tisare tatha chauthe ullasoan mean kramashah nayak bhed, nayika bhed evan nayika upabhedoan ka kathan kiya gaya hai.

shrriangaramritalahari

rachayita mathura nivasi samaraj dikshit. bundelakhand nripati anandaray ke sabhapandit rahe. isase atirikt ratikallolini, aksharagumph adi any granthoan ki bhi rachana dikshit ji ne ki thi. ;shrriangaramritalahari samagrat shrriangar ras aur usake bhed-sahit nayak bhed, nayak sahay, nayakopacharavrittiyaan, nayika, nayikavastha, nayikashreni, dooti, nayika-alankar, viyog mean nayika ki das avasthaean tatha uchhdipan vibhavoan ki vivechika hai. rachana satarahavian shatabdi ki hai.

rasik jivan

rachayita gadadharabhatt. pita gauripati tatha pitamah damodar (shankar) bhatt. rachanakal solahavian shati ka antim bhag. ras-vivechak yah granth kavy-sangrah roop nibaddh hai. isamean das prabandh aur lagabhag pandrah sau chhand haian. isamean chauthe se navean prabandh mean kramashah navaras, balavayav, nayak-nayika, shrriangararas, pravasadi, rrituvarnan tatha anyaras varnit haian.

shrriangarasarini

rachayita mithilavasi mahamahopadhyay achary chitradhar haian. rachana-samay- atharahavian shati-uttarardh bhag. inaki doosari rachana ‘viratangini’ hai. shrriangarasarini mean

1. sabhyalankaranamh-ganganath jha kendriy sanskrit vidyapith, ilahabad se prakashit.
2. sampoornanand sanskrit vishvavidyalay- ladyu granthamala. 27 (sanvath 2038) rachayita-pandit ramanand tripathi, sanpadak-shri kamalapati tripathi. shrriangararas-vivechan granth haian. yahaan shrriangar ke vividh pakshoan ke sang rati,kamadasha, man, nayika tatha nayika-alankar nivechit haian.

rasaratnahar

rachayita shivaram tripathi. rachana-samay atharahavian shatabdi. yah laghu kalevariy granth hai. pratipadit ka adhar dasharoopak tatha rasamajjari pratit hote haian. kul ek sau do chhand. 18chhandoan mean ras, shrriangar, nayika-prabhed, sakhi, dooti, nayak-prabhed, sahayak, vipralambh, stri, alankar, vyabhichari-bhav aur any ath ras vishleshit haian.

rasakaumdi

rachanakar ghasiram pandit. rachana-samay atharahavian shati ka uttar bhag. inaki doosari rachana ‘ramachandr’ hai. rasakaumudi mean char adhyay haian. yahaan kramashah nayika prabhed, nayasangh, anubhavadi evan navoan ras vivechit haian. shrriangaranayikatilakamh (rachanakar rangachary ranganathachary), kavyakaumudi (rachayita hariram siddhant nagish), rasaratnavali (rachanakar vireshvar pandit bhattachary ‘shrivar’ samay-sataravian shati-prarambh) mean bhi nayak-nayika ke bhed-prabhed vicharit haian.

rasakaustubh

rachanakar venidattasharman. sambhavatah yah atharahavian shatabdi-uttarabhag ki rachana. do any granth-alankaramajjari tatha viroodavali. pratham rasakaustubh mean shrriangararas se sambaddh samagri-samagr vivechit hai. ras vishleshan se atirikt yahaan man-virati ke upay, kamadashaean, vibhav, nayika bhed, sakhi, dootibhed, nayikabhedadi ka vivechan kiya gaya hai.

sahityakar

rachayita- achyutarayasharmanh modak. samay unnisavian shatabdi. granth ki vastusamagri barah adhyayoan mean vivechit hai. samudr manthan mean nirast ratnoan ke nam par adhyayoan ko namit kiya gaya hai. dasavean rambharatn mean nayika-bhed tatha gyarahavean chandraratn mean nayak-niroopan aur bhed-vivechana prastut ki gayi hai.

kavidev-shrriangar vilasini

kavi dev hindi sahity mean shrriangarakalin shreshth kavi haian. granth nirman ka kal is prakar diya hai- ‘isase prakat hai ki ukt grranth dev ne dakshin koankan desh mean jise vah videsh kahate haian aur jo krishnaaveni namak nadi ke sangam par sthit hai, sanvath 1950 (1700ee0) ke shravan ki bahula navami ko sooryoday ke samay poorn kiya tha. 2××× ne kavi-bhram door karane ki drishti se apane prachalit nam dev ka prayog isamean kar diya hai-‘

                                                anukoolo dakshastatha dhrishtah shath nar ev.
                                                bhavati chaturdhanayakah sanvarnay kavi dev..

itana hi nahian dev ek hindi granth hai ‘ras vilas‘. isamean kavi ne ras, usake bhav-vibhav aur nayika-bhed vivechan kiya hai. kee chhand adhikaanshatah ek se haian-

                                                sadaivaik nari ratah soanukool ityev.
                                                dakshah sarvavadhooshvatho, samapritikar ev..

rasakhan ki drishti mean nayika-bhed

rasakhan ke anusar nayika se abhipray us stri se hai jo yauvan, roop, kul, prem, shil, gun, vaibhav aur bhooshan se sampann ho. rasakhan premonmatt bhakt kavi the. unhoanne apani svachchhand bhavana ke anukool krishna prem ka chitran apane kavy mean kiya. isilie rasakhan ka nayika-bhed varnan n to shastriy vidhi ke anuroop hi hai aur n hi kisi kram ka usamean dhyan rakha gaya hai. krishna ke prati gopiyoan ke prem-varnan mean nayika-bhed ka chitran svabhavik roop se ho gaya hai. nayika bhed ki paranpara ke darshan sanskrit sahity tatha sanskrit-kavy-shastr mean hote haian. nayikaean tin prakar ki bataee haian-

1. svakiya
2. parakiya evan
3. samany.

isake atirikt bhi nayika ke jati, dharm, dasha evan avasthanusar anek bhed kie ge haian. premomang ke kavi se nayika bhed ke sagar mean gote lagakar samast bhedopabhed niroopan ki asha karana nirarthak hi hoga, kyoanki inhoanne gopiyoan ke svaroop ko adhik mahattv n dekar unaki bhavanaoan ko hi adhik mahattv diya hai. phir bhi gopiyoan ke niroopan mean kahian-kahian nayika bhed ke darshan ho jate haian.

parakiya nayika

jo nayika par purush se priti kare, use parakiya kahate haian. rasakhan ke kavy mean niroopit gopiyaan par stri haian. par purush krishna prem ke karan ve parakiya nayika kahalaeangi. rasakhan ne anek padoan mean unaka suandar niroopan kiya hai. unhoanne parakiya nayika ke chitran mean nayikaoan ki lok laj tatha apane kutuanbiyoan ke bhay se unaki vedanamayi sthiti aur premonmad ka b da hi marmasparshi chitran kiya hai-

kalhi bhath murali-dhuni mean rasakhani liyo kahuan nam hamarau.
ta chhin taian bhee bairini sas kitau kiyau jhaankat deti n dvarau.
hot chavav balai soan ali ri jau bhari aankhin bheantiyai pyaro.
bat pari abahian thithakyau hiyare atakyau piyare patavari॥

parakiya nayika ke bhed

parakiya nayika ke do bhed mane ge hai-

1. anootha aur
2. oodha.

rasakhan ne oodha nayika ka varnan kiya hai. parakiya ke avasthanusar chh: bhed hote haian-

1. mudita,
2. vidagdha,
3. anushayana,
4. gupta,
5. lakshita,
6. kulata.

inamean se rasakhan ne oodha mudita aur vidagdha ka hi chitran kiya hai.

oodha

oodha vah nayika hai jo apane pati ke atirikt any kisi purush se prem kare rasakhan ne is pad mean oodha ka varnan kiya hai-

'auchak drishti pare kahooan kanh joo tasoan kahai nanadi anuragi.
sau suni sas rahi mukh mori, jithani phirai jiy maian ris pagi.
nike nihari kai dekhai n aankhin, hoan kabahooan bhari nain n jagi.
ma pachhitavo yahai ju sakhi ki kalank lagyau par aank n 'lagi.

mudita

yah parakiya ke avasthanusar bhedoan mean se ek hai. par-purush-milan-vishayak manobhilasha ki akasmat poorti hote dekhakar jo nayika mudit hoti hai use mudita kahate haian. rasakhan ne bhi nayika ki modavastha ka suandar chitran kiya hai-

'jat huti jamana jal kauan manamohan gheri layau mag ai kai.
mod bharayau lapatai layau, pat ghooanghat tari dayau chit chai kai.
aur kaha rasakhani kahauan mukh choomat ghatan bat banai kai.
kaisean nibhai kulakani rahi hiye saanvari moorati ki chhabi chhai.

vidagdha

chaturatapoorvak par purushanurag ka sanket karane vali nayika ko vidagdha kahate haian. vidagdha ke do bhed hote haian-

1. vachanavidagdha
2. kriyavidagdha.

vachanavidagdha nayika

jo nayika vachanaan ki chaturata se par purushanurag vishayak kary ko sanpann karana chahe use 'vachanavidagdha' kahate haian. rasakhan ki gopiyaan anek sthanoan par vachan chatury se kam leti haian-

chhir jau chahat chir gahean ajoo leu n ketik chhir achaihau.
chakhan ke mis makhan maangat khau n makhan ketik khaihau.
janati hauan jiy ki rasakhani su kahe kauan etik bat badhaihau.
goras ke mis jo ras chahat so ras kanhajoo neku n paihau.

yahaan gopiyoan ne vachanavidagdhata dvara apani ichchha ka spashtikaran kar diya hai.

kriyavidagdha

jo nayika kriya ki chaturata se par-purushanurag vishayak kary ko sampann karana chahe, use kriyavidagdha kahate haian. rasakhan ne nimnalikhit pad mean kriya vidagdha nayika ka suandar chitran kiya hai-

khelai alijan ke gan maian ut pritam pyare sauan neh navino.
bainani bodh karai it kauan, ut sainani mohan ko man lino.
nainani ki chalibi kachhu jani sakhi rasakhani chitaive koan kino.
ja lakhi pai janbhaee gee chutaki chatakai bida kari dino.

dashanusar nayikaean

nayika ke dashanusar tin bhed hote haian-

1. garvita
2. any sanbhog dukhita
3. manavati mean se rasakhan ke kavy mean any sanbhog du:khita tatha manavati nayika ka chitran milata hai.

any sanbhog dukhita

any stri ke tan par apane priyatam ke priti-chihn dekh kar du:khit hone vali nayika ko 'any sanbhog du:khit' kahate haian rasakhan ne bhi any sanbhog du:khita nari ka chitran kiya hai.

kah kahooan sajani sang ki rajani nit bitai mukuand koan heri.
avan roz kahaian manabhavan avan ki n kabauan kari pheri.
sautin-bhag badhyau braj maian jin lootat haian nisi rang ghaneri.
mo rasakhani likhi bidhana man mari kai apu bani hauan aanheri॥

manavati

apane priyatam ko any stri ki or akarshit janakar eershyapoorvak man karane vali nayika manavati kahalati hai. rasakhan ne manini nayika ka chitran tin padoan mean kiya hai. dooti nayika ko samajha rahi hai ki mere kahane se too man ko tyag de. tujhe basant mean man karana kisane sikha diya. agale pady mean vah krishna ki suandarata evan gunoan ka bakhan karake aant mean kahati hai ki tujhe kuchh nahian lagata. n jane kisane teri mati chhini hai. pun: nayika ko samajhati huee kahati hai ki man ki avadhi to adhi gh di hai, too man tyag de-

man ki audhi hai adhi ghari ari jau rasakhani darai hit ke dar,
kai hit chho diyai pariyai paini aise katachhanahian hiyara-har.
mohanalal koan hal bilokiyai neku kachhoo kini chhoobekar sauan kar,
naan karibe par vare haian pran kaha karihaian ab haan karibe par.

rasakhan ne manini nayika ke man ka svabhavik chitran kiya hai. nayika ko samajhaya ja raha hai ki too kisi prakar man tyag de.

avasthanusar nayikaean

avasthanusar nayika ke das bhed mane ge haian jinamean se do ki charcha rasakhan ne ki hai-

1. agatapatika
2. proshitapatika.

agatapatika

apane priyatam ke agaman par prasann hone vali nayika 'agatapatika' kahalati hai. rasakhan ne agatapatika nayika ka chitran bahut hi suandar tatha bhavapoorn dhang se kiya hai-

nah-biyog badhyau rasakhani malin maha duti deh tiya ki.
pankaj soan mukh gau murajhaee lagian lapataian bari svaans hiya ki.
aise mean avat kanh sune hulasaian tarakian ju tani aangiya ki.
yau jagajoti uthi aang ki usakai dee manau bati diya ki.

nayika virah-pi dit hai kintu krishna ke agaman se usaki pi da samapt ho jati hai aur usaki prasannata ka thikana nahian rahata. jaise dipak ki batti badhane se prakash badh jata hai vaise hi priy ke agaman se nayika ka sharir praphullit ho uthata hai.

proshitapatika

priyatam ke viyog se du:khit virahini nayika ko proshitapatika kahate haian. rasakhan ke kavy mean proshitapatika nayika ke anek udaharan milate haian-

unahian ke sanehan sani rahaian unahian ke ju neh divani rahaian.
unahian ki sunaian n au bain tyauan sain soan chain anekan thani rahaian.
unahian sang dolan maian rasakhani sabai sukh siandhu aghani rahaian.
unahian bin jyauan jalahin hvai min si aankhi meri aansuvani rahaian.

nimn pad mean parakiya madhya proshitapatika ka chitran kiya gaya hai-

auchak drishti pare kahooan kanh joo tasoan kahai nanadi anuragi.
so suni sas rahi mukh mori, jithani phirai jiy maian ris pagi.
nikean nihari kai dekhe n aankhin, hoan kabahooan bhari nain n jagi.
mo pachhitavo yahai ju sakhi ki kalank lagyau par aank n lagi॥

rasakhan ke kavy mean proshitapatika nayika ka niroopan kee sthanoan par milata hai.

vay

kram se nayika

vay:kram se nayika ke tin bhed mane ge haian-

1. mugdha,
2. madhya,
3. praudha.

rasakhan ne mugdha nayika ka varnan kiya hai.

mugdha

jisake sharir par nav yauvan ka sanchar ho raha ho, aisi lajjashila kishori ko 'mugdha nayika' kahate haian. rasakhan ne mugdha nayika ki vay:sandhi avastha ka suandar chitr khiancha hai-

baanki maror gahi bhrikutin lagian aankhiyaan tirachhani tiya ki.
taank si laank bhee rasakhani sudamini te duti dooni hiya ki.
sohaian tarang anang ki aangani op uroj uthi chhatiya ki.
joban-joti su yauan damakai usakaee dee mano bati diya ki.

jis prakar krishna kavy mean parakiya nayikaoan ko vishesh gaurav diya gaya hai, usi prakar rasakhan ne bhi parakiya varnan ko mahattv diya. isake tin pradhan ki saphalata ke lie bhavoan ka marmik chitran avashyak hai.

1. rati bhav ki jitani adhik marmikata aur tallinata parakiya prem mean sanbhav hai utani svakiya prem mean nahian.
2. doosara karan yah hai ki parakiya prem ka kshetr bahut vistrit hai. usamean prem ke vibhinn roopoan aur paristhitiyoan ke varnan ka avakash rahata hai. is prakar kavi ko apani pratibha ke pradarshan ka asim avasar milata hai.
3. tisara karan hai lilavatari krishna ka madhur roop. krishna parabrahm parameshvar hai aur gopiyaan jivatmaean haian. anant jivatmaoan ke pratik roop mean anant gopiyoan ka chitran anivary tha. atev krishna bhakt shrriangari kaviyoan ne sabhi gopiyoan ke prati krishna (bhagavan) ke sneh ki aur krishna ke prati sabhi gopiyoan ke utkat anurag ki vyanjana ke lie parakiya-prem ka vidhan kiya. yahaan tak ki unake kavy mean svakiya ka kahian bhi chitran nahian hua. parakiya nayika niroopan ke aantargat rasakhan ne oodha mudita, kriyavidagdha, vachanavidagdha anyasanbhogadu:khita, manavati, agatapatika, proshitapatika evan mugdha adi nayikaoan ka chitran kiya hai. rasakhan ka uddeshy nayika-bhed niroopan karana nahian tha atev unhoanne gopiyoan ke sanbandh se krishna ka varnan karate hue prasanganusar nayikaoan ke bahy roop evan unaki aantarvrittiyoan ka chitran kiya hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

• nayikaoan ke katipay upabhed (nayika bhed shrriankhala ka samapan )

sanbandhit lekh

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