नेटाल भारतीय कांग्रेस

netal bharatiy kaangres
landan sthit mahatma gaandhi ji ki kaansy moorti|200px|center
vivaran	'netal bharatiy kaangres' mahatma gaandhi dvara sthapit ek sangathan tha, jisaki sthapana unhoanne dakshin afrika mean ki thi.
sthapana tithi	22 agast, 1894
sansthapak	mahatma gaandhi
desh	dakshin afrika
vishesh	is samany rajanitik sangathan ke madhyam se mahatma gaandhi ne dakshin afrika ke bahujatiy bharatiy samuday mean ekata ki bhavana bhar di.
any janakari	ek pracharak ke roop mean gaandhi ji ki saphalata ka praman yah tha ki landan ke 'd taims' aur kalakatta ke 'stetsamain' tatha 'ianglishamain' jaise akhabaroan ke sanpadakiy mean bhi netal ke bharatiyoan ke kashtoan par tippaniyaan likhi geean.

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netal bharatiy kaangres ki sthapana rashtrapita mahatma gaandhi dvara 22 agast, 1894 ee. mean ki gee thi. san 1893 ee. mean ek bharatiy pharm ke liye kes l dane mahatma gaandhi dakshin afrika ge the. vahaan unhean sabhi prakar ke rangabhed ka samana karana p da. gaandhi ji nagarik adhikaroan ka ullaghann, nasliy bhedabhav aur pulis qanoon ke khilaf virodh vyakt karane ke lie bharatiy samuday ko sangathit karane ka prayas karane lage. isake lie unhoanne vahian rahakar samaj kary tatha vakalat karane ka nirnay liya aur 'netal bharatiy kaangres' ki sthapana ki.

sthapana

mahatma gaandhi ne anubhav kiya ki sabase pahali avashyakata to is bat ki hai ki dakshin afrika ke bharatiyoan ke hitoan ki raksha karane vala ek sthayi sangathan turant banaya jana chahie. unhoanne netal ki vidhayika aur british sarakar ke nam yachikaean likhian aur un par saik doan bharatiyoan ke hastakshar karae. vah vidheyak ko to nahian rok sake, lekin netal mean rahane vale bharatiyoan ke kashtoan ki or netal, bharat aur ianglaiand ke akhabaroan ka dhyan akarshit karane mean saphal rahe. unhean daraban mean rahakar vakalat karane aur bharatiy samuday ka ekajut karane ke lie razi kar liya gaya. 1894 mean unhoanne 'netal iandiyan kaangres' ki sthapana ki aur usake sakriy sachiv ban ge.

gaandhi ji netal iandiyan kaangres ko apani pratibha se vahaan ke bharatiyoan ki avashyakataoan ke anuroop ek jivant sangathan bana sake, jo poore sal karyashil rahata aur jisaka uddeshy keval rajanitik chaukasi n hokar sadasyoan ka samajik aur naitik utthan bhi tha.

gaandhiji ki prayatnashilata

jinake hitoan ke lie yah sangathan bana tha, unaka rajanaitik anubhav aur jnan nahian ke barabar tha; phir bhi us sanstha par kisi vyakti vishesh ki ijaredari nahian thi. usake athak parishrami sachiv mahatma gaandhi har kadam par sabhi ka sakriy sahayog prapt karane ke lie prayatnashil rahe. isase kam mean sarvajanik utsah aur ruchi barabar bani rahi. sadasy banane aur chanda jama karane jaise sadharan kary ko bhi unhoanne mahatv de rakha tha. adhe man se sahayog dene valoan ke sath vah naitik dabav ka vinamr dhang apanate the. ek bar ek chhote kasbe ke bharatiy vyapari ke ghar par vah sari rat bhookhe baithe rahe, kyoanki vyapari netal kaangres ka apana chanda nahian badha raha tha. akhir sabera hote-hote unhoanne use apana chanda tin se badhakar chhah paund kar dene ko raji kar hi liya.

bharatiy samuday mean ekata ka sanchar

is samany rajanitik sangathan ke madhyam se mahatma gaandhi ne bahujatiy bharatiy samuday mean ekata ki bhavana bhar di. unhoanne sarakar vidhayika aur pres mean bharatiyoan ke kashtoan se sambandhit tarkapoorn vaktavyoan ki jh di laga di. antatah unhoanne maharani viktoriya ki bharatiy praja ke sath unake hi afrika sthit upanivesh mean kie ja rahe bhedabhav ko duniya ke samane ujagar karake samrajy ki pol khol di. ek pracharak ke roop mean unaki saphalata ka praman yah tha ki landan ke 'd taims' aur kalakatta (vartaman kolakata) ke 'stetsamain' tatha 'ianglishamain' jaise akhabaroan ke sanpadakiy mean bhi netal ke bharatiyoan ke kashtoan par tippaniyaan likhi geean.

yah mahatma gaandhi ka durbhagy tha ki unaki gatividhiyoan aur vaktavyoan ki ootapataang khabarean netal pahuanchi aur vahaan ki yooropiy janata big d uthi. janavari, 1897 mean daraban pahuanchane par ugr goroan ki bhi d ne un par pran ghatak hamala kar diya. british mantrimandal mean aupaniveshik sachiv jozaf cheanbaralen ne netal sarakar ko tar bhejakar doshi vyaktiyoan ko giraftar karane ko kaha, lekin gaandhi ji ne hamalavaroan par muqadama karane se inkar kar diya. unhoanne kaha ki "yah unaka siddhaant hai ki vyaktigat kshati ko qanooni adalat mean n le jaya jae".

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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