न्यूटन के नियम
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gati vishayak hamara jnan tin mool niyamoan par adharit hai. inhean sabase pahale mahanh vaijnanik sar aijak nyootan ne sanh 1687 mean apani pustak priansipiya mean pratipadit kiya. isilie is vaijnanik ke sammanarth in niyamoan ko nyootan ke gati vishayak niyam kahate haian.
pratham niyam
is niyam ke anusar yadi koee vastu viramavastha mean hai ya ek saral rekha mean saman veg se gatishil rahati hai, to usaki viramavastha ya saman gati ki avastha mean parivartan tabhi hota hai, jab us par koee bahy bal lagaya jata hai. is niyam ko gaililiyo ka j datv ka niyam bhi kahate haian.
bahy bal ke abhav mean kisi vastu ki apani viramavastha ya samanagati ki avastha ko banae rakhane ki pravritti ko hi j datv kahate haian. gati vishayak pratham niyam ke dainik jivan mean anek udaharan dekhane ko milate haian.
- kar ya ga di mean asavadhani se baithe yatri kar ya ga di ke ekaek chal dene se pichhe ki or gir jate haian. isaka karan hai ki yatri ke sharir ka nichala hissa ga di ke sampark mean hai, yah hissa ga di ke sath–sath chalane lagata hai, parantu oopari hissa j datv ke karan viramavastha mean hi bana rahata hai. phalatah yatri ke sharir ka oopari hissa pichhe ki or jhuk jata hai.
- hathau de ke hatthe ko prithvi par patakane se hathau da hatthe mean kas jata hai, kyoanki jab ham hathau de ko oopar uthakar prithvi par oordhvadhar patakate haian to hathau da aur hattha donoan hi gati ki avastha mean hote haian. hattha to prithvi ke sampark mean ate hi viramavastha mean a jata hai, parantu hathau da gati ke j datv ke karan gatishil hi rahata hai. phalasvaroop niche akar hatthe mean kas jata hai.
- goli marane se kaanch mean gol chhed ho jata hai, parantu patthar marane par kaanch tuk de–tuk de ho jata hai. isaka karan hai ki goli jab atyadhik veg se kaanch se takarati hai, to kaanch ka keval vahi bhag gati mean a pata hai, jisake sampark mean goli ati hai tatha shesh bhag j datv ke karan apane hi sthan par rah jata hai. atah isake pahale ki kaanch ka shesh bhag gati mean ae, goli ek saf gol chhed banati huee kaanch ke par nikal jati hai. isake viparit yadi patthar ka tuk da kaanch par mara jata hai to usaka veg itana adhik nahian hota ki kaanch ka keval vahi bhag gati mean ae jo patthar ke sampark mean ata hai, varanh usake as–pas ka kaanch bhi gatiman ho jata hai, jisase ki kaanch ke tuk de–tuk de ho jate haian.
dvitiy niyam
is niyam ke anusar sanveg parivartan ki dar bal ke anukramanupati hoti hai tatha yah usi disha mean hoti hai, jisamean bal kary karata hai. is prakar, "kisi vastu par aropit bal, us vastu ke dravyaman tatha usamean bal ki disha mean utpann tvaran ke gunanaphal ke barabar hota hai."
yadi ki vastu par Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {F}} bal aropit karane par usamean bal ki disha mean Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {a}} tvaran utpann hota hai. yadi vastu ka dravyaman m ho to dvitiy niyam ke anusar—
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {F}} = Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {m}} X Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {a}}
yadi Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {F}} = Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {0}} arthath jab vastu par koee bal nahian lag raha ho to Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {a}} = Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {0}} , kyoanki dravyaman Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {m}} ka man shoony nahian ho sakata. yadi tvaran ka man shoony hai to isaka arth hai ki ya to vastu niyat veg se gatiman hai ya viramavastha mean hai. isase spasht hai ki bal ke abhav mean vastu apani gati athava viram avastha ko banae rakhati hai. yah gati vishayak dvitiy niyam hai. atah nyootan ka gati vishayak dvitiy niyam, pratham niyam ka hi ek roop hai.
nyootan ke dvitiy gati ke niyam se bal ka sootr prapt hota hai, isalie bal ka matrak Kgm/s2 ya N (nyootan) hota hai.
tritiy niyam
gati vishayak tritiy niyam ko kriya–pratikriya ka niyam bhi kahate haian.
"jab koee pind doosare pind par bal lagata hai to aisi sthiti mean doosara pind bhi pahale pind par utana hi bal viparit disha mean lagata hai. arthath pratyek kriya ki usake barabar tatha viparit disha mean pratikriya hoti hai. ise nyootan ke gati ka tritiy niyam kahate haian." udaharan- mana ki do pind A v B haian, jo ek–doosare par bal aropit kar rahe haian.
yadi pind A par (piand B dvara) aropit bal Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {F}} AB hai, tatha piand B par (piand A dvara) aropit bal Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {F}} BA hai. tab nyootan ke tritiy gati niyam ke anusar
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {F}} AB = -Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {F}} BA
in donoan baloan mean se ek bal ko 'kriya' tatha doosare ko 'pratikriya' kahate haian. kriya tatha pratikriya pariman mean barabar tatha disha mean ek doosare ke viparit hoti hai. smaran rakhean ki kriya aur pratikriya sadaiv bhinn pindoan par lagati hai. atah nyootan ke tritiy niyam ko 'kriya–pratikriya ka niyam' bhi kaha jata hai.
in niyam ke sambandh mean do batean mahattvapoorn haian—
- ham yah nahian jan sakate haian ki amuk bal kriya hai tatha amuk bal pratikriya hai. ham keval yahi jan sakate haian ki ek bal kriya hai tatha doosari pratikriya.
- kriya tatha pratikriya sadaiv alag–alag pindoan par lagati hai, ek hi par nahian.
uparokt udaharan mean ek bal Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {F}} AB (kriya athava pratikriya) pind A par lag raha hai jabaki doosara bal Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): {\mathbf {F}} BA (pratikriya athava kriya) pind B par lag raha hai.
nyootan ke tritiy niyam ke dainik jivan mean anek udaharan dekhane ko milate haian—
- bandook se jab goli chho di jati hai, to hamean pichhe ki or jhataka lagata hai. isaka karan hai ki jitana bal bandook goli par lagati hai, utana hi bal goli bhi bandook par viparit disha mean pichhe ki or lagati hai, jisase hamean jhataka lagata hai.
- gho da ga di ko khianchate samay apani pichhali taangoan se prithvi par pichhe ki or dabata hai, jisase pratikriya svaroop prithvi gho de par age ki or bal lagati hai aur ga di age badhati jati hai. isi prakar jab koee vyakti nav se koodata hai to vah apane pairoan se bal lagakar nav ko pichhe ki or dhakelata hai, jisake pratikriyasvaroop nav bhi vyakti par age ki or bal lagati hai aur vyakti kinare par pahuanch jata hai.
nyootan ke tritiy niyam par adharit aur bhi kee udaharan haian, jaise—r aauket ka age badhana, kuanoan se pani khianchate samay rassi toot jane par vyakti ka pichhe gir p dana, ooanchaee se koodane par chot lagana adi.
jet ianjan nyootan ke gati ke tisare niyam ke adhar par kary karata hai. adhikaansh jet ianjan aantarik dahan pranali par kary karate haian aur gair–dahan arthath apani aksijan apoorti ke lie vayumandal parivesh ka prayog karata hai. inhean lambi doori ki vayuyan seva ke lie prayog kiya jata hai, kintu aantariksh ke lie nahian.
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