पंजाबी भाषा
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panjabi bhasha bharatiy ary bhasha, jise shauraseni apabhransh ke sath utpann hua mana jata hai. lekin isake svar vijnan aur roop vidhan, donoan mean aranbhik prakrit bhashaoan, visheshakar pali aur adi-ary bhashaoan) ka prabhav hai. is prakar panjabi bhasha prachin panjab ki saanskritik aur bhashashastriy aantardharaoan ka ek satat bhasha shastriy itihas prastut karati hai.
visheshataean
- panjabi bhasha bharat tatha pakistan mean boli jati hai. bharat mean yah lagabhag dhaee karo d nagarikoan ki 'matribhasha' hai. bharat ke panjab rajy mean isaka upayog skool, k aaulej aur vishvavidyalayoan mean madhyam bhasha ke roop mean bhi hota hai.
- adhunik panjabi ki sabase pramukh visheshata, isaki tin prakar ki svar pranali hai, jisake uchch, madhyam aur nimn svar haian. svar vijnan ki drishti se inhean uchch utar-chadhav, madhy utar-chadhav, tatha bahut nimn chadhav vali rooparekha ke roop mean varnit kiya ja sakata hai, jo do satat aksharoan par anubhoot hoti hai.
- doosari sabase b di visheshata isamean shabdoan ki vishal sankhya, visheshakar prachin sthanoan ke nam tatha unase utpann sanjnaean v visheshan aur moordhany svar ( taloo ko mu di huee jihva ke shirsh ke sparsh se uchcharit dhvani ) hai. aise adhikaansh shabd pashchimi pura-ary sabhyataoan mean pae jate haian.
- panjabi mean sabase purani rachanaean nathayogi kal ki haian. jo nauvian se chaudahavian shatabdi ki hai, jab panjab samajik, dharmik aandolanoan ka mukhy keandr tha. banavat ki drishti se in rachanaoan ki bhasha shauraseni apabhransh ke nikat hai halaanki shabd sangrah tatha lay par bolachal ki bhasha aur lokabhasha ka kafi gahara prabhav hai.
- 11vian se 14vian shatabdi ke bich ek sabase mahattvapoorn bhashaee aur saanskritik aandolan ka netritv soofi santoan ne kiya. mukhyadhara ki roodhivadita ke khilaf astitvatmak vicharadhara par bal dene mean ve yogiyoan ke saman the. shastriy brahmanavad mean yogi the aur roodhivadi islam mean soofi. bhasha ke mamale mean parivartan adhik vyapak tha. yogi to bharatiy dharmik paranpara ke bhitar hi karyarat the, at: unaki bhasha lagatar apabhransh roop-vidhan aur vaky vinyas se samridhd hoti rahi. soofiyoan ko sab kuchh naye dhang se shuroo karana p da, farasi shabd sangrah ke adhyatmik svaroan se alag soofiyoan ne apane bhashaee upadeshoan ko sabase lokapriy lokastar par qayam kiya. kee mayanoan mean ve panjabi bhasha ke pahale kavi the, jinhoanne sahity ki yogi paranpara ko jari rakhate hue panjab ke manasik , adhyatmik aur samajik jivan ke pratyek ayam mean pravesh kiya.
- guru nanak (1469-1539) panjabi bhasha, sahity aur sanskriti ke janak haian. pratyek kshetr mean unhoanne purane, shabdadeshi dhaanche ko roopamay manas chhaviyoan mean badal diya. unhoanne qadam-qadam par bhashaee path ko udaharanamay roopakoan mean samajhaya. bolachal ki panjabi bhasha ke bal par guru nanak ne bharatiy sanskriti ke ek behad susanskrit adhyatmik upadesh-sangrah ki rachana ki.
- bhasha shastriy drishti se panjab bhasha dharmik upadeshoan se hatakar dharmanirapeksh aur aiandrik svachchhand svaroopoan mean a gee hai. 20vian sadi ke panjab mean kee samajik aur dharmik rajanitik aandolanoan ka prabhav raha, jisamean aitihasik vikas-prakriya se vikhandan hua. ab tak pajabi bhasha, sahity aur sanskriti sabhi panjabiyoan ki virasat thi.
- paranparik dharmik svar se achchhadit in aandolanoan ke phalasvaroop musalamanoan ne urdoo, hianduoan mean hindi aur sikkhoan ne panjabi ko apana liya, halaanki isase boli par bahut kam prabhav p da, lekin likhit, manak bhasha ka shabd-vinyas vishisht sikkh sanskriti se prabhavit ho gaya hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh