पतंग

thumb|250px|patang patang hava mean u dane vali ek vastu hai, jo dhage ke sahare u dati hai. prachin kal se hi iansan ki yah ichh‍chha rahi ki vah mukt akash mean u de. manav ki isi ichchha ne patang ki utpatti ke lie prerana ka kam kiya. kabhi manoranjan ke taur par u daee jane vali patang aj patangabazi ke roop mean ek rivaj, paranpara aur tyohar ka paryay ban gee hai. patang vishv ke kee deshoan mean u daee jati haian, kiantu bharat ke kee rajyoan mean yah bahut b di sankhya mean bachchoan, boodhoan aur javanoan dvara vibhinn parvoan aur tyoharoan par u daee jati hai. aj bhi maharashtr, gujarat, karnatak, uttar pradesh, rajasthan aur dilli adi mean patang u dane ke lie samay nirdharit hai. alag-alag rajyoan mean patangoan ko alag-alag namoan se jana jata hai. adhunik samay mean patang ke prati logoan ka prem kam ho gaya hai. pahale patangabazi ke mukabale bahut hote the, kiantu ab pahale jaise patangabaz dikhaee nahian dete aur n hi unake mukabale.

itihas

grik itihasakaroan ki manean to patangabazi ka khel 2500 varsh purana hai, jabaki adhikatar logoan ka manana hai ki patangabazi ke khel ki shuruat chin mean huee thi. chin mean patangabazi ka itihas do hazar sal se bhi jyada purana mana gaya hai. kuchh log patangabazi ko parshiya ki den manate haian, vahian adhikaansh itihasakar patangoan ka janm chin mean hi manate haian. unake anusar chin ke ek senapati hanasij ne kagaz ko chaukor kat kar unhean hava mean u dakar apane sainikoan ko sandesh bheja aur bad mean kee rangoan ki patangean banaeean. yah bhi kaha jata hai ki duniya ki pahali patang ek chini darshanik mo di ne banaee thi. is prakar patang ka itihas kee varsh purana hai. patang banane ka upayukt saman chin mean uplabdh tha, jaise- resham ka kapada़, patang udane ke liye mazaboot resham ka dhaga aur patang ke akar ko sahara dene vala halka aur mazaboot baans. chin ke bad patangoan ka phailav japan, koriya, thaeelaiand, barma, bharat, arab, uttari afrika tak hua.

tulasidas ka ullekh

hindoo dharm ke prasiddh aur dharmik granth 'ramacharitamanas' mean mahakavi tulasidas ne aise prasangoan ka ullekh kiya hai, jab shriram ne apane bhaiyoan ke sath patang u daee thi. is sandarbh mean 'balakaand' mean ullekh milata hai-

'ram ik din chang u daee.
iandralok mean pahuanchi jaee॥'

ek any b da hi rochak prasang hai. panpapur se hanuman ko bulavaya gaya tha. tab hanumanaji bal roop mean the. jab ve ae, tab 'makar sankraanti' ka parv tha. shriram bhaiyoan aur mitr mandali ke sath patang u dane lage. kaha gaya hai ki vah patang u date hue devalok tak ja pahuanchi. us patang ko dekh kar iandr ke putr jayant ki patni bahut akarshit ho gee. vah us patang aur patang u dane vale ke prati sochane lagi-

'jasu chang as sundarataee.
so purush jag mean adhikaee॥'

is bhav ke man mean ate hi usane patang ko hastagat kar liya aur sochane lagi ki patang u dane vala apani patang lene ke lie avashy aega. vah pratiksha karane lagi. udhar patang pak d lie jane ke karan patang dikhaee nahian di, tab balak shriram ne bal hanuman ko usaka pata lagane ke lie ravana kiya. pavan putr hanuman akash mean u date hue iandralok pahuanch ge. vahaan jakar unhoanne dekha ki ek stri us patang ko apane hath mean pak de hue hai. unhoanne us patang ki usase maang ki. us stri ne poochha- "yah patang kisaki hai?" hanumanaji ne ramachandraji ka nam bataya. is par usane unake darshan karane ki abhilasha prakat ki. hanuman yah sunakar laut ae aur sara vrittaant shriram ko kah sunaya. shriram ne yah sunakar hanuman ko vapas vapas bheja ki ve unhean chitrakoot mean avashy hi darshan deange. hanuman ne yah uttar jayant ki patni ko kah sunaya, jise sunakar jayant ki patni ne patang chho d di. kathan hai ki-

'tin tab sunat turant hi, dinhi chho d patang.
kheanch li prabhu beg hi, khelat balak sang.'

uparokt prasang ke adhar par patang ki prachinata ka pata chalata hai.

bharat mean patang ka ana

bharat mean bhi patang u dane ka shauq hajaroan varsh purana ho gaya hai. kuchh logoan ke anusar pavitr lekhoan ki khoj mean lage chin ke bauddh tirthayatriyoan ke dvara patangabazi ka shauq bharat pahuancha tha. bharat ke kone-kone se yuvaoan ke sath umradaraj log bhi yahaan ate haian aur khoob patang u date haian. ek hajar varsh poorv patangoan ka zikr sant nambe ke gitoan mean bhi darj hai. mugal badashahoan ke shasan kal mean to patangoan ki shan hi nirali thi. khud badashah aur shahazade bhi is khel ko b di hi ruchi se khela karate the. us samay to patangoan ke peanch l dane ki pratiyogitaean bhi hoti thian aur jitane vale ko b da eenam bhi milata tha.thumb|250px|left|vibhinn rangoan ki patangean

patang u dane ki rivaj aj se lagabhag 2500 se 3000 sal pahale chin mean shuroo hua, lekin patangabazi ke khalifa v ustadoan ka manana hai ki sabase pahali patang hakim jalinoos ne banaee thi. kuchh hakim lukaman ka bhi nam lete haian. baharahal, koriya aur japan ke raste hoti huee patang bharat pahuanchi. yahaan isaka apana ek alag itihas hai. mugal darabar mean isaka aisa bolabala aur khumar tha ki raja-rajava de, jagiradar evan vazir bhi patangabazi mean khud hissa lete the. mugal samrat bahadurashah zafar bhi patangabazi ka bahut shaukin tha. mugaliya daur ke bad lakhanoo, ramapur, haidarabad adi shaharoan ke navaboan mean bhi isaka khumar chadha. unhoanne ise ek baji ki shakl de di. unhoanne apani patangabazi ko garibi door karane ka madhyam banaya. ye log patangoan mean asharaphiyaan baandh kar u daya karate the aur akhir mean patang ki dor to d dete the, taki gaanv ke log patang loot sakean. vajid ali shah to patangabazi ke lie har sal apani patangabaz toli ke sath patangabazi ke mukabale mean dilli ate the. dhire-dhire navaboan ka yah shauq am logoan ki ziandagi ka aham hissa banata gaya. varsh 1927 mean 'go baik' vaky ke sath likhi huee patangoan ko asaman mean u dakar 'saiman kamishan' ka virodh kiya gaya tha. ajadi ki khushi ko jahir karane ka madhyam bhi patang ko banaya gaya.

patangotsav

aj bhi chin mean patang u dane ka shauq kayam hai. vahaan pratyek varsh 9 sitambar ki tarikh ko patangotsav ke roop mean manaya jata hai. is din chin ki lagabhag samoochi janata poore josh aur utsah ke sath patangabazi ki pratiyogita mean bhag leti hai. amerika mean to reshami kap de aur plastik se bani patangean u daee jati haian. vahaan joon ke mahine mean patang prati‍yogitaoan ka ayojan hota hai. japani bhi patangabazi ke bahut shaikin hote haian. unaka manana hai ki patang u dane se devata prasann hote haian. vahaan prati varsh mee ke mahine mean patangabazi ki pratiyo‍‍gitaean ayojit ki jati haian.

patang ka u dana

thumb|250px|u dati huee patangean patang majaboot dhage ke sahare u dane vali vastu hai. yah dhage par padane vale tanav par nirbhar karati hai. patang hava mean tab uthati hai, jab hava ka pravah patang ke oopar aur niche se hota hai, jisase patang ke oopar kam dabav aur patang ke niche adhik dabav ban jata hai. yah vikshepan hava ki disha ke sath kshaitij khianch bhi utpann karata hai. patang ka langar biandu sthir ya chalit ho sakata hai. patang amataur par hava se bhari hoti hai, lekin hava se halki patang bhi hoti hai, jise 'hailikait' pukara jata hai. ye patangean hava mean ya hava ke bina bhi u d sakati haian. hailikait patange any patangoan ki tulana mean ek any sthirata siddhaant par kam karati haian, kyoanki hailikait hiliyam-sthir aur hava-sthir hoti haian. jab hava achchhi-khasi bah rahi ho to patang u dana b da asan ho jata hai, kyoanki is samay patang ko kam mehanat mean hi kafi ooanchaee tak u daya ja sakata hai, kiantu jab hava nahian bah rahi hoti to patang b di mushkil se oopar uthati hai aur mehanat bhi bahut karani p dati hai.

bharat mean patangabazi

bharat ke haidarabad aur pakistan ke lahaur mean patangabazi ka khel b de utsah ke sath khela jata tha. aj bhi maharashtr, gujarat, karnatak, uttar pradesh, rajasthan aur dilli adi mean patang u dane ke lie samay nirdharit hai. alag-alag rajyoan mean patangoan ko alag-alag namoan se jana jata hai.

• uttar bharat ke log raksha bandhan aur 'svatantrata divas' vale din khoob patang u date haian. is din log nile asaman mean apani patangean u dakar ajadi ki khushi ka ijahar karate haian.
• dilli, hariyana, uttar pradesh tatha madhy pradesh ke log is din patangabazi ka jamakar lutph uthate haian. patang u date aur katate samay ve apas ke chhote-b de sare bhed bhool jate haian. is din charoan taraf kuchh khas vaky sunaee dete haian, jaise- 'vo kata', 'kat gee', 'looto', 'pak do' 'vo mara ve' adi.

thumb|280px|left|patang vikreta

• gujarat ki audyogik rajadhani ahamadabad ki bad karean to bharat hi nahian, yah poore vishv mean patangabazi ke lie prasiddh hai. har varsh 14 janavari ko 'makar sankraanti' soory ke uttarayan hone ke avasar par yahaan "aantararashtriy patang mahotsav" ka ayojan hota hai, jisamean ahamadabadi nila asaman iandradhanushi rangoan se sarabor ho jata hai. chin, nidaralaiand, yooese, aaustreliya, japan, brajil, itali aur chili adi deshoan se bhi patangabajoan ki phauj yahaan ati hai. yah patang mahotsav 1989 se prativarsh manaya jata raha hai. yahaan ek patang myoojiyam bhi bana hai.
• pahale kagaz ko chaukor katakar patangean banaee jati thian, kiantu aj ek se badhakar ek dizain, akar, akriti evan rangoan vali bhinn prakar ki motaraijd evan faibar glas patangean bazar mean maujood haian, jinhean u dane ka ehasas apane ap mean anokha aur sukhad hota hai. in patangoan ki maang bhi bahut zyada hai aur ye bahut akarshak bhi hoti haian.
• maleshiya ki vaoobalaang, iando‍neshiya ki iyaang inyaanghave, yooese ki vishal vainar, itali ki vastuparak, japan ki rokkakoo tatha chin ki draigan patangoan ki bhavyata lakhoan patang premiyoan ko ashchary se abhibhoot kar deti hai.

peanch l dana

patang duniya ke bahut se deshoan mean u daee jati hai, parantu 'l daka patang' (faitar kaits) keval bharat aur bharatiy upamahadvip ke p dosi deshoan jaise- pakistan, afaganistan, baangladesh, nepal aur shrilanka mean lokapriy hai. do patangoan ke peanch ki l daee mean doosari patang ki dor ko katakar girane ke khel ka anand aur romaanch usamean bhag lene vale hi mahasoos kar sakate haian. peanch ki l daee mean kee hunar hote haian. patang ka santulit hona, patangabaz ka anubhavi hona, doosare ki dor katane ke lie khud ki patang ko khoob teji se apani or khianchate jana ya bahut teji se dhil dete jana aur sath mean jhataka ya uchake dena. dor ko phurti se lapetane vale tatha zaroorat p dane par nirbadh roop se chho date jane vale asisteant ki bhoomika bhi is samay bahut hi khas hoti hai. jaise hi ek dor katati hai, use thamane vale hathoan ko maloom p d jata hai, tanav ki jagah dhilapan. usaki kati patang nissahay-si jamin ki disha mean doobane lagati hai. chehara utar jata hai. jitane vale samooh ki chikhean akash gooanja deti haian- 'vah kata, vo kata', 'vo mara ve' adi.

maanja

thumb|250px|maanje ki charakhiyaan do patangoan ki l daee mean dhage ya dor ka bahut mahatv hai. soot ka yah dhaga n keval majaboot hona chahie, balki usaki satah ke khuradarepan mean doosare dhage ko katane ki paini kshamata hona chahie. is khas dhage ko 'maanja' kahate haian. ise banane ka tarika mehanat bhara aur khataranak hai. ek khas kism ki loee taiyar karate haian, jisamean chaval ka ata, aloo, sares, pisa hua barik kaanch ka burada aur rang mila rahata hai. ise hathoan mean rakhakar, do khanbhoan ke bich baandhe ge soot ke safed dhagoan par ukt loee ki anek paratean chadhaee jati haian aur is prakar tez aur khataranak maanja taiyar kiya jata hai.

maanje se nukasan

ahamadabad mean 'uttarayan' (makar sankraanti) ke kuchh saptah poorv se s dak kinare, phutapathoan par aise safed aur rangin dhagoan ki anek panktiyaan dekhi ja sakati haian. uttar pradesh v bihar mean anek garib shramik maanja taiyar karane ke kam mean jute rahate haian. unake hath v uangaliyaan kaanch lage kantile, khuradare maanje ko lipate-potate, sahejate, lapetate, jagah-jagah se kat jate haian, chhil jate haian, biandh jate haian, lahooluhan ho jate haian. ve hath par pattiyaan baandhate haian aur phir dhage lapetate haian. unake chehare se pi da tapakati hai, phir bhi majaboorivash kam kie jate haian. parishramik kam hi milata hai. poora parivar vahian s dak kinare din gujarata hai. pichhale kuchh varshoan se kuchh shaharoan mean patangabazi ke khel mean maanje ke upayog ko band karane ki muhim shuroo huee hai, parantu usaka asar abhi kshin hai. yah avaj isalie uthi hai ki asani se n dikhaee p dane vale maanje ki chapet mean anek rahagir v akash mean vicharate pakshi a jate haian.

filmi gitoan ka nirman

thumb|200px|rang-birangi patangean kaviyoan v sahityakaroan se lekar film nirdeshakoan tak ne patang par apani kala ka rang chadhaya. patang par anek kavitaean, gajal v filmi gane adi likhe gaye, jaise-

• 'n koee umang hai, n koee tarang hai, meri ziandagi hai kya, ek kati patang hai - kati patang
• 'dhil de dhil de de re bhaiya' - ham di‍l de chooke sanam (1999)
• 'ari chho d de sajani‍ya chho d de patang meri chho d de' - nagin (1954)

• 'chali-chali re patang meri chali re' - bhabhi (1957)
• 'ye duni‍ya patang ni‍t badale rang' - patang

mahanga shauk

ab patangabazi vyavasayik ho gee hai. dilli v gujarat mean hi nahian, bharat ke har kone mean patang u dayi jati hai. aj yah mahange kheloan mean shumar hai. dilli mean hi lagabhag 140 panjikrit aur lagabhag 250 gair-panjikrit patang klab haian. aise kee klab agara, bareli, bhopal, ilahabad, bikaner, gujarat, jammoo ke alava any b de shaharoan mean bhi haian, jahaan sadasyoan ko mukabale ke lie taiyar kiya jata hai. patangabazi ek khel hai, ek kala hai, jisako sikhana p data hai aur abhyas karana p data hai. isake apane niyam v sharte hoti haian, jaise 500 gaj ke oopar hi peanch l da sakate haian. patangabazi ki pratiyogita mean hissa lene ke lie 500-1500 tak rupe kharch karane p d sakate haian. har jagah patang u dane ke lie alag-alag samay nirdharit hai aur har jagah ke apane-apane taur-tarike haian, lekin sabhi ka uddeshy ek hi hai- "apasi bhaeechara aur samajik sauhard badhana".

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

• patang par bane kuchh git
• basant manaean, patang u daean
• patang se sikho anushasan
• patang par bane kuchh git