पाल वंश

pal vansh ka udbhav bangal mean lagabhag 750 ee. mean gopal se hua. is vansh ne bihar aur akhandit bangal par lagabhag 750 se 1174 ee. tak shasan kiya. is vansh ki sthapana gopal ne ki thi, jo ek sthaniy pramukh tha. gopal athavian shatabdi ke madhy mean arajakata ke mahaul mean sattadhari ban baitha. usake uttaradhikari dharmapal (shasanakal, lagabhag 770-810 ee.) ne apane shasanakal mean samrajy ka kafi vistar kiya aur kuchh samay tak kannauj, uttar pradesh tatha uttar bharat par bhi usaka niyantran raha.

utthan v patan ka kram

pal vanshiy shasak

shasak	shasanakal
gopal pratham	(lagabhag 750 - 770 ee.)
dharmapal	(lagabhag 770 - 810 ee.)
devapal	(lagabhag 810 - 850 ee.)
vigrahapal	(lagabhag 850 - 860 ee.)
narayanapal	(lagabhag 860 - 915 ee.)
gopal dvitiy	(lagabhag 940 - 957 ee.)
mahipal pratham	(lagabhag 978 - 1030 ee.)
nayapal	(lagabhag 1030 - 1055 ee.)
mahipal dvitiy	(lagabhag 1070 - 1075 ee.)
ramapal	(lagabhag 1075 - 1120 ee.)
gopal tritiy	(lagabhag 1145 ee.)
madanapal	(lagabhag 1144 - 1162 ee.)
govind pal	(lagabhag 1162 - 1174 ee.)

devapal (shasanakal, lagabhag 810-850 ee.) ke shasanakal mean bhi pal vansh ek shakti bana raha, unhoanne desh ke uttari aur pray:dvipiy bharat, donoan par hamale jari rakhe, lekin isake bad se samrajy ka patan shuroo ho gaya. kannauj ke gurjar pratihar vansh ke shasak mahendr pal (nauvian shatabdi ke uttarardhd se aranbhik dasavian shatabdi) ne uttari bangal tak hamale kie. 810 se 978 ee. tak ka samay pal vansh ke itihas ka patan kal mana jata hai. is samay ke kamazor evan ayogy shasakoan mean vigrahapal ki ganana ki jati hai. bhagalapur se prapt shilalekh ke anusar, narayan pal ne buddhagiri (muanger), tirabhukti (tirahut) mean shiv ke mandir hetu ek gaanv dan diya, tatha ek hazar mandiroan ka nirman karaya. pal vansh ki satta ko ek bar phir se mahipal, (shasanakal, lagabhag 978 -1030 ee.) ne punarsthapit kiya. unaka prabhutv varanasi (vartaman banaras, uttar pradesh) tak phail gaya, lekin unaki mrityu ke bad samrajy ek bar phir se kamazor ho gaya. pal vansh ke aantim mahattvapoorn shasak ramapal (shasanakal, lagabhag 1075 -1120) ne bangal mean vansh ko takatavar banane ke liye bahut kuchh kiya aur apani satta ko asam tatha u disa tak phaila diya.

sen vansh ka utkarsh

'sandhyakar nandi' dvara rachit aitihasik sanskrit kavy 'ramacharit' mean ramapal ki upalabdhiyoan ka varnan hai. ramapal ki mrityu ke bad sen vansh ki badhati huee shakti ne pal samrajy par vastut: grahan laga diya, halaanki pal raja dakshin bihar mean agale 40 varshoan tak shasan karate rahe. aisa pratit hota hai ki, pal rajaoan ki mukhy rajadhani poorvi bihar mean sthit 'mudagiri' (muanger) thi.

bauddh dharm ka sanrakshan

pal naresh bauddh matanuyayi the. unhoanne aise samay bauddh dharm ko sanrakshan diya, jab bharat mean usaka patan ho raha tha. dharmapal dvara sthapit vikramashila vishvavidyalay us samay nalanda vishvavidyalay ka sthan grahan kar chuka tha. is kal ke pramukh vidvanoan mean 'sandhyakar nandi' ullekhaniy haian, jinhoanne 'ramacharit' namak aitihasik kavyagranth ki rachana ki. isamean pal shasak ramapal ki jivani hai. any vidvanoan mean 'haribhadr yakrapanidatt', 'brajadatt' adi ullekhaniy hai. chakrapanidatt ne chikitsasangrah tatha ayurvedipika ki rachana ki. jimootavahan bhi pal yug mean hi hua. usane 'dayabhag', 'vyavahar malava' tatha 'kal vivek' ki rachana ki. bauddh vidvanoan mean kamalashil, rahalubhadr, aur dipankar shrijnan atish adi pramukh haian.

vajradatt ne 'lopeshvarashatak' ki rachana ki. kala ke kshetr mean bhi pal shasakoan ka mahattvapoorn yogadan raha. smith ne pal yug ke do mahanh shilpakar 'dhinaman' tatha 'bitapal' ka ullekh kiya hai. pal vansh ke shasakoan ne bangal par 750 se 1155 ee. tak tatha bihar par musalamano ke akraman (1199 ee.) tak shasan kiya. is prakar pal rajaoan ka shasan kal un rajavanshoan mean se ek hai, jisamean prachin bharatiy itihas mean sabase lambe samay tak shasan kiya.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh