प्रशासनिक हिन्दी का विकास -डॉ. नारायणदत्त पालीवाल
| chitr:Icon-edit.gif | yah lekh svatantr lekhan shreni ka lekh hai. is lekh mean prayukt samagri, jaise ki tathy, aank de, vichar, chitr adi ka, sanpoorn uttaradayitv is lekh ke lekhak/lekhakoan ka hai bharatakosh ka nahian. |
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- lekhak- d aau. narayanadatt palival
hamare desh mean kashmir se lekar kanyakumari tak tatha gujarat se lekar nagalaiand tak anek bhashaean, upabhashaean, boliyaan tatha upaboliyaan boli jati hai. inamean vibhinnata ke hote hue bhi ekata ke darshan hote haian. prachin kal se bhavanatmak ekata ke sandesh ke sath sath bharatiy sahity mean desh ki saanskritik garima, yahaan ki sabhyata, yahaan ke adarsh aur jivan ke shashvat moolyoan, yahaan ki sabhyata, yahaan ke adarsh aur jivan ke shashvat moolyoan ko saman roop se vani mili hai. yahi karan hai ki sabhi bharatiy bhashaean bhavanaoan aur vicharoan ki abhivyakti ke madhyam ke roop mean is dharati par saanskritik ekata ki pavan ganga pravahit karati hai. bhasha manav ko manav se jo dati hai. yah vicharoan ke adan pradan mean sahayak hone ke sath sath paranparaoan, sanskritiyoan aur manyataoan tatha vishvasoan ko samajhane ka madhyam bhi he. prachinakal se hi vibhinn bhashaean is desh mean parasparik sneh, bhaee-chare ki bhavana tatha saanskritik ekata aur akhandata ko banae rakhane mean mahatvapoorn bhoomaka nibhati rahi hai. is vichar se dekha jae to sanskrit, hindi tatha bharatiy sanvidhan mean manyata prapt any pradeshik bhashaean is desh ki samasik sanskriti ke vikas ke lie mahatvapoorn sthan rakhati haian.
hindi ke vikas mean sanskrit ki bhoomika
sanskrit bhasha ke vishay mean sanskrit ke prasiddh pashchaty vidvanh moniyar viliyam ne kaha hai ki ‘yadyapi bharat mean paanch sau se adhik boliyaan prachalit hai, parantu hindutv ko manane vale sabhi vyaktiyoan ke lie, chahe ve kitani jati, kul, maryada, sanpraday aur boliyoan ki bhinnataoan ke kyoan n ho, sarvasammati se svikrit aur samadoot ek hi pavitr bhasha aur sahity hai aur vah bhasha hai - sanskrit aur vah sahity hai - sanskrit sahity[1]. ise kisi kal aur sima mean nahian baandha ja sakata. sanskrit ko vishv ki 3 prachin mahanh bhashaoan mean gina jata he. yadi pichhali kee shatabdiyoan ke itihas par drishti dalean to hamean jnat hoga ki jab desh chhote chhote rajyoan aur praantoan mean banta tha to sanskrit ko kary vyavahar ke lie mahatvapoorn bhasha ke roop mean apanaya gaya tha. bharat ki pradeshik bhashaean bhi sanskrit ke prabhav ke aantargat rahi hai. anek sarakari lekhapatroan, kanoonoan niyamoan tatha sarakar aur nagarikoan se sanbandhit anek abhilekhoan ka sanskrit mean paya jana is bat ka praman hai ki prashasanik karyoan mean is bhasha ka prachin kal mean prachalan tha. isake atirikt yah bhasha hamare dharmagranthoan tatha shaikshinik, saanskritik aur vaijnanik sahity ki pran rahi hai. hindi sahity ki anek kritiyoan par sanskrit ka prabhav spasht hai. hindi ke adikal ko hi liya jae to usase pahale ki bhasha apabhransh par bhi sanskrit ka vyapak prabhav raha hai. jahaan tatha prashasanik hindi ka prashn hai svatantrata se poorv anek riyasatoan ka kamakaj aangreji mean n hokar hindi mean chalata tha. 1000 ee. ke bad musalamanoan ke agaman par avashy hi sanskrit ka prayog samapt ho gaya aur prashasanik bhasha par arabi-pharasi ka prabhav p da tatha musalaman shasakoan ke samay sarakar, tahasiladar, vakil, chaparasi, sipahi amin, jila, daphtari, khajaanchi, mal kaman adi ke saman shabd sarakari kamakaj mean prachalit ho gaye jo aj bhi lokapriy haian aur barabar prayog mean a rahe haian.
yah parivartan svabhavik bhi tha kyoanki badali huee paristhitiyoan tatha jnan aur vijnan ki vikasit avastha ke sath sath koee bhi jivant bhasha ne shabdoan aur arthoan ko apanati hai. is prakar sarakari kamakaj ki ho ya samany janata ke prayog ki, kisi bhi bhasha ko nee disha milati rahati hai. aangreji rajy ke dauran shiksha, jnan vijnan aur rajaniti ke kshetr mean parivartan hue. atah naye ayam aur nee dishaoan ko vani dene ke lie bhasha bhi apane roop ko usi ke anukool parivartit karati gee hai. jahaan tak shabdavali ka prashn hai bhasha mean sanskrit, aangreji, arabi, pharasi aur urdoo ke shabd khapate chale gaye. aangreji ne apane shasan ki suvidha ke lie hindi aur sanskrit ke shabdoan ko bhi apanaya. isilie mukadama, gavah, kharij, peshi tatha arji jaise shabdoan ke sath sath saman, jaj, varant tatha edavoket jaise shabd bhi am prachalan mean a ge.
hindi ka rashtravyapi roop
aangrejoan ke viruddh sudoor uttar se dakshin tak poorv se pashchim tak jo rashtravyapi aandolan chala usaka madhyam adhikaansh roop mean hindi hone ke karan yah bhasha rashtravayapi roop mean samane aee. is prakar hindi ek akhil bharatiy bhasha ke roop mean is desh ko jo dati huee dhire dhire parasparik kary vyavahar ki bhasha ke roop mean vikasit hone lagi aur use sanskrit ke pashchath is desh ke janamanas ko jo dane vali bhasha ka roop mila. daॅ. suniti kumar chatarji ka kathan hai ki ‘apane desh se prem rakhane vale jo bharatiy rashtr ko akhand manate haian, avashy svikar kareange ki hamari rashtriy, vyaparik tatha saanskritik ekata ke bad hindi ko eeshvar ke ashirvad svaroop manata hooooan. isase ham is nishkarsh par pahuanchate haian ki sanskrit ki mahatvapoorn bhoomika ke sath sahityik aur aantapraantiy vyavahar mean hindi ko jo mahatvapoorn sthan prapt hua usamean badalati huee paristhitiyoan aur urdoo tatha bharat ki sabhi bhashaoan ka sahayog sammilit hai. chooanki sanskrit ki bhoomika bharat ke sanvidhan mean manyata prapt any sabhi bhashaoan aur hindi ke vikas tatha poshan ka marg sugam banane mean usaka yogadan mahatvapoorn siddh hua. aantapraantiy vichar se hindi ki shabdavali mean sanskrit athava tatsam shabdoan ko pradhanata dena avashyak hai. isi adhar par hindi ki shabdavali ka avashyak aang akhil bharatiy roop mean svikar kiya ja sakata hai.
mera mat to yah hai ki hindi ko rashtrabhasha (jo nam ab bharat ki sabhi manyata prapt bhashaoan ke lie prayukt hota hai) ka sthan isalie prapt nahian hua ki vah sabhi bharatiy bhashaoan mean shreshth hai varanh isalie prapt hua ki is bhasha ka desh mean sabase adhik prachar aur prasar hai tatha ise adhikaansh janata samajhati tatha bolati hai. hindi praranbh se bharat ke sabhi praantoan mean boli v samajhi jati thi aur prayah sabhi praantoan ke ahindi bhashi lekhakoan ne is bhasha mean sahity srijan bhi kiya hai. isase is bhasha ko sanskrit ki bhaanti akhil bharatiy roop mila hai. hindi ko usaka akhil bharatiy svaroop pradan karane mean desh ke kone kone mean phaile hue mazadoor varg, vyapari varg, ajivika v vibhinn vyavasay vale logoan ki bhi mahatvapoorn bhoomika rahi hai.
rajabhasha hindi ki sanvaidhanik sthiti
jab bharat svatantr hua to is bat ki avashyakata p di ki navodit rashtr ki garima aur atmasamman ke anukool hindi ko rashtrabhasha ke roop mean aangikrit aur vikasit kiya jae. atah samaj ki nee nee avashyakataoan ki poorti ke sadhan ke roop mean aur bharatiy jan jivan ke chiantan tatha bhavanaoan aur sanvedanaoan ki abhivyanjana ke madhyam ke roop mean any bharatiy bhashaoan ke sahayog ke sath sath hindi ko sanpark bhasha ke roop mean chuna gaya. bhashayi svabhiman svatantr rashtr ke jivan ka ek aansh hota hai. atah svatantrata ke pashchath hindi ko rajakaj ki bhasha banane ke pichhe yah bhavana thi ki sanpark bhasha ke roop mean vikasit hokar hindi, jnan vijnan, adhyayan-adhyapan aur sahity ki hi bhasha n rahe varanh use prashasanik bhasha ka roop bhi diya je aur sarakari kam kaj bolachal tatha kary vyavahar ki bhasha bana diya jae. yah thik bhi tha kyoanki komalakaant padavali prashasanik karyoan ke lie prayog mean nahian laee ja sakati. jis bhasha ne sant kabir ki sakhiyoan ko sajaya, sooradas aur tulasidas ki kavita ko sanvara aur prasad, pant tatha mahadevi ke gitoan ko madhur roop diya use sanpark bhasha ke roop mean vikasit karane tatha prashasan ke kshetr mean jan jan ki bhasha banane ke prayatn kie ge. atah sahityik hindi tatha bolachal ki hindi ko nyayalayoan, vidyalayoan, karyashalaoan, prashasanik sansthaoan aur sarakari patr vyavahar mean apanae jane ke lie naya roop diya jane laga. atah yah prayas kiya gaya ki dhire dhire sarakari kshetroan meean aisa vatavaran bane jo hindi ko apane dainik kary mean apanane ke lie sahayak ho. isake lie vaidhanik vyavastha ke sath sath manaviy aur bhautik sadhan jutane ka prayas kiya gaya aur rajabhasha ke roop mean hindi ko sarakari kamakaj ka madhyam chun liya gaya. bharat ke sanvidhan nirmataoan ne hindi ka mahatv samajhate hue use rajabhasha aur sanpark bhasha ke roop mean aangikar karane ki vyavastha ki. phalatah bharat ke sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 343 mean yah vyavastha ki gee ki devanagari lipi mean likhi huee hindi yahaan ki rajabhasha hogi. sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 351 mean isakean lie jo nirdesh die gaye haian ve is prakar haian-
‘hindi bhasha ki prasar vriddhi kar usaka vikas karana taki vah bharat ki samasik sanskriti ke sab tatvoan ki abhivyakti ka madhyam ho sake tatha usaki atmiyata mean hastakshep kie bina hindustani aur ashtam anusoochi mean ullikhit any bharatiy bhashaoan ke roop, shaili aur padavali ko atmasat karate hue tatha jahaan avashyak ya vaanchhaniy ho vahaan usake shabd bhandar ke lie mukhyatah sanskrit se tatha gaunatah vaisi ullikhit bhashaoan se shabd grahan karate hue usaki samriddhi sunishchit karana sangh ka kartavy hoga.’
praranbh mean yah vyavastha thi ki aangreji ka prayog 1965 tak chalata rahe tatha bich mean hindi ko vikasit roop de diya jae. bhasha ke prashn par 1965 mean kher ayog ki sthapana ki gee aur us ayog ki sipharishoan par vichar karane ke lie 1957 mean pant samiti banaee gee. is ayog tatha samiti donoan ne jahaan hindi ka prayog badhane ki sipharish ki vahian aangraji ka prayog 1965 ke bad bhi jari rakhane ki sipharish ki. in paristhitiyoan ko kary roop dene ke lie 1963 mean sansad dvara rajabhasha adhiniyam 1963 pas kiya gaya. isake anusar yah vyavastha ki gee ki sangh ke jin karyoan ke lie 26 janavari, 1965 se pahale aangreji ka prayog kiya jata tha unake lie us tarikh ke bad bhi hindi ke atirikt aangreji ka prayog kiya ja sakata hai. bad mean paristhitiyaan badalian aur 1967 mean rajabhasha (sanshodhan) adhiniyam 1967 pas kiya gaya. is prakar yah vyavastha huee ki ‘hindi hi sangh ki rajabhasha hogi, kiantu aangreji ke istemal ki chhoot tab tak bani rahegi, jab tak hindi ko rajabhasha ke roop mean apanane vale sabhi rajyoan ke vidhanamandal aangreji ka prayog samapt karane ke lie sankalp n parit karean aur unake sankalpoan par vichar karane ke bad sansad ke donoan sadan bhi aisa hi n karean.’ is prakar kanoon ke vichar se sarakari kagajapatroan, likha padhi aur dainik karyoan mean hindi aur aangreji donoan hi bhashaoan ko chalane ki vyavastha huee. hal hi mean bharat sarakar dvara hindi ke sanbandh mean ek adhisoochana jari ki gee hai jisase prashasanik karyoan mean hindi ke vyapak prayog ki vyavastha ki gee hai.
hindi mean takaniki shabdavali ka vikas
hindi ko prashasanik karyaean mean lane ke lie sabase pahale takaniki shabdavali ki avashyakata p di. is disha mean keandriy hindi nideshalay tatha vaijnanik aur takaniki shabdavali ayog ne b da kam kiya. unake prayas se vibhinn vishayoan ki shabdavali ke sankalan taiyar kie ge aur prashasanik kshetr mean prayog ke lie paribhashik shabd sangrah banae ge. yah ullekhaniy hai ki sanskrit ki shabd nirman samarthy ki barabari koee bhasha nahian kar sakati. sanskrit ki lagabhag 2000 dhatuean anek shabdoan ke nirman me sahayak haian. isakean sath hi pratyay aur upasarg lagakar ne shabdoan ka nirman kiya ja sakata hai. yahaan tak kaha gaya hai ki upasarg, pratyay aur dhatuoan ki sahayata tatha shabdoan ke kram parivartan, sandhi adi se lagabhag 85 karo d shabd banae ja sakate haian. parantu dekhana hai ki anek shabd keval kosh ki hi shobha banane ke lie haian ya ve vyavaharopayogi bhi haian. atah ati utsah aur keval sanskrit nishth shabdavali ke prayog ka moh chho dana vyavaharik drishti se kahian adhik upayogi hai. yahi karan hai ki aranbh mean sanvaidhanik, vidhi aur prashasanik kshetr mean shabdavali se sanbandhit samasya ko hal karane ke lie banae ge kuchh kosh mahatvapoorn hote hue bhi lokapriy nahian ho sake. isaka karan yah hai ki prashasanik kary ke kshetr mean aisi shabdavali ka svagat hota hai jo vyavaharik roop se sahaj, svabhavik aur aur samajh mean a sakane yogy ho. vastav mean jis bhasha ka prayog sarakari karyo mean kiya jata hai aur jo vibhinn vibhagoan athava dainik sarakari patr vyavahar ke lie athava ek rajy se doosare rajy ke bich parasparik adan pradan ke prayog mean ati hai. us bhasha ka svaroop n to poori tarah se samany bolachal ki bhasha se mel kha sakata hai aur n poori tarah s sahityik bhasha se. atah usaka svaroop kuchh alag hi hota hai aur usaki shabdavali bhi usi ke anuroop hona anivary hai.
jahaan tak hindi ki apani shabd sanpada ka prashn hai hamean anek shabdakosh milate hai. is bich ne ne shabd in koshoan mean aur bhi ju d ge haian. yahaan tak ki hindi shabdasagar ke 11 bhagoan mean lagabhag 2,11,50,000 shabd upalabdh haian. prashn hindi ki sanpada ka utana nahian hai jitana ki abhivyanjana shakti aur samay ki sanpoorn paristhitiyoan ke anuroop jnan vijnan ki vibhinn shakhaoan se sanbandhit paribhashik aur pravidhik arth roopoan ko samajha sakane yogy hone ki usaki samarthy ka hai. atah hindi ke vikas ki yah nee disha atyant mahatvapoorn rahi hai aur bhasha ko ne ne shabd aur arth mile haian. ab dhire dhire nyayalayoan mean, karyolayoan mean, samachar patroan mean, karyashalaoan mean aur janata tatha sarakar ke parasparaki kary vyavahar mean ek ne roop mean ubhar kar samane a rahi hai. is kary mean vibhinn rajyoan ne shabdavali ke nirman ka kary kiya hai aur usake dvara banae ge anek kosh, shabd sangrah athava shabd sankalan nirantar prayog mean a rahe haian. inamean uttar pradesh, bihar, rajasthan, madhy pradesh, hariyana, himachal pradesh tatha dilli prashasan adi sammilit haian.
vidhi shabdavali
jahaan tak ki vidhi shabdavali ka sanbandh hai vidhi mantralay ke adhin rajabhasha vidhayi ayog dvara is disha mean mahatvapoorn kary kiya gaya hai. aisi shabdavali ka nirman hua hai jo anek adhiniyamoan ke hindi roopoan mean prayog mean laya jata gaya hai. yah avashyak hai ki kanoon ke kshetr mean janata ko apani bhasha ke prayog ki chhoot honi chahie. ab tak nyayalayoan mean hindi bhashi kshetroan mean hindi aur any kshetroan mean vahaan ki kshetriy bhasha ka sthan nahian milata tab tak yah samasya ulajhi hi rahegi. yah kaisi vidanbana hai ki nyayalay mean jis samay nirnay sunaya jata hai us samay aangreji n janane vale aparadhi ya paksh ko yah maloom bhi nahian ho pata ki use kya dand diya ja raha hai athava usake mamale mean kya kiya gaya. yahaan hamean yah dhyan rakhana avashyak hai ki kanoon ke kshetr mean shabdoan ka vishesh mahatv hai. vahaan ek shabd ke lie nirvachan dvara ek hi nirdharit arth hota hai. jaise -
| niyam (rool) | abhiyog (charj) |
| upaniyam (bai laj) | abhiyojan (prosikyooshan) |
| vinimay (regyooleshan) | abhiyokta (prosikyootar) |
| adhiniyam(ekt) | abhiyukt (kriminal) |
| niyamavali (rools eand regyooleshan) | dvosh (kanavikshan) |
| vidheyak (bil) | dvosh mukt (ektiveted) |
| dhara (sekshan) | siddh dvosh (kanvikt) |
| upadhara (sabasekshan) | dvoshi (ekyoojd) |
| khand (klauj) | vadi (plaiantiph) |
| upakhand (sab klauj) | prativadi (diphaidaiant) |
kanoon ki bhasha mean vaky ki yathavatata bhi avashyak hai. is kshetr mean yadi ham bhasha ko saral aur subodh banane ke lie prayas dvara shabd parivartan kareange to arth ka anarth bhi ho sakata hai. atah kanoon ki shabdavali mean hamean kabhi kabhi kathin shabdoan ka svagat karana p dega jo prayog dvara hi saral lag sakegean. sanskrit shabdavali is disha mean sahayak huee. saralata ke vichara se is samay aj prachalan mean ae shabd jaise saman, arji, halafanama, bayan, bahas, varant, jirah, vakil, apil, adi shabdoan ko prayog mean late rahane ki paranpara bani huee haian. kanoon ke kshetr man pratyek shabd ka apana nishchit aur spasht arth hone ke karan kanooni shabdavali ke nirman mean kanooni pahaloo ka vichar bhi mahatvapoorn hai. is disha mean hindi bhashi rajy ke vidhi v bhasha mantriyoan ke jayapur aur bhopal ke sammelanoan mean niti sanbandhi disha sanket diya gaya hai aur kanooni shabdavali ke anek manak shabdakosh taiyar kie ge haian.
prashasanik shabdavali tatha sanskrit
sarakari kamakaj ki shabdavali mean kuchh to padanam hote haian aur kuchh patr vyavahar ke lie prayog mean ane vale vishisht shabd tatha vakyaansh hote haian. isakean atirikt niyamoan, viniyamoan, adhisoochanaoan, sanhitaoan aur vibhinn vibhagoan se sanbandhit niyamoan ki shabdavali hoti hai. aranbhik sthiti mean upasarg aur pratyay lagakar anek shabd banae ge. udaharan ke lie, sachiv (sekretari) shabd ko lean. isake sath aranbh mean ane vale paryapt shabd asani ke sath ban ge. upasachiv, avar sachiv, sah sachiv, sanyukt sachiv, niji sachiv, vaiyaktik sachiv, mahasachiv, sansadiy sachiv, mantri parishad sachiv adi shamil haian. isi bhaanti sachivalay (sekreteriyet), sachivalayiy (sekreteriyal) adi shabd bhi gine ja sakate haian. aise shabdoan ke nirman mean sanskrit ka prabhav spasht hai.
is paddhati ko apanane par vibhinn prakar ki sankalpanaoan ko vyakt karane ke lie tho de bahut parivartan ke sath hamare pas ek shabd samooh upalabdh ho jata hai. jaise praroop (drapht) shabd ki sahayata se praroopan, praroopakar, praroopit adi shabd banae ja sakate haian. parantu isakean urdoo samanarthi ‘masauda’ shabd ko is prakar ke roopoan mean parivartit nahian kiya ja sakata. yahi niyam hiandi ke patr, paripatr (sarkular) prapatr (pharm), patravali (phail), patrachar athava patravyavahar par bhi lagoo hota hai jo kadachit chitthi athava khat shabd se poora nahian ho sakata. vibhinn prakar ki sankalapanaoan ko abhivyakt karane ke silasile mean adhikar shabd ko bhi liya ja sakata hai jisako yadi adhikrit bana diya jae to aangraji ke aॅtharaijd shabd ka arth ban jata hai. hamean autheantik ke lie shabd ki avashyakata hoti hai to isi ki sahayata se pradhikrit shabd bana liya jata hai. isi sandarbh mean aॅphisar ke lie adhikari shabd ka prayog bhi aphasar ke sthan par adhik uparayogi lagata hai. yahi bat kanoon ke kshetr me prayog ki jane vali shabdavali par bhi nirbhar hai. udaharan ke lie, vidhi shabd ko lijie. isaka prayog kanoon ke badale kiya jata hai. ham isaki sahayata se upavidhi (bai-laॅ), vidhayak (lejisletar), vidhayika (lejislechar), vidhik (ligal), vidhisammat (in kanpharmiti vid laॅ), vidhivetta (kanoon ka janakar) vidhivisheshajn (speshalist in laॅ) adi shabd bana sakate haian yah spasht hai ki keval kanoon shabd se ham itane adhik shabd nahian bana sakeange. isi prakar vidhan, vaidhanik, sanvidhan, vaidhanikata aur sanvaidhanik adi shabdoan ka udaharan diya ja sakata hai.
prashasanik kshetr mean kuchh shabd aise bhi prayog mean ate hai. jinaka arth samany tatha ek sa lagata hai aur sadharan balachal mean aise shabdoan ke lie ham ek hi shabd se kam chala sakate haian. parantu jab karyalay ki aupacharikata ka dhyan rakhate hue yadi sarakari prayojanoan ke lie un shabdoan ka prayog kiya jae to yah avashyak ho jata hai ki unake lie alag alag shabd prayog mean laean udaharan ke lie, adesh, nidesh, anudesh, adhyadesh tatha samadesh shabdoan ko liya ja sakata hai jo kramashah aangrezi ke ardar, dayarekshan ianstrakshan aॅrdineans oair kamaand ke lie prayog mean ate haian. isi tarah yadi ham karyalayi batachit mean kahe ki ap kya rimark deange ya apake kameants kya haian athava apaka obajaraveshan kya hai ya ap ki opiniyan kya hai athava ap ke vyooj kya hai to aisa lagata hai ki ham kisi vishay par kisi ke vichar janana chahate hai aur sadharanataya apaki kya ray hai kahane se kam chal sakata hai. parantu vyavaharik prayog mean jahaan kabhi-kabhi ye shabd sath-sath prayog mean a jaean vahaan kathinaee ati hai aur ne-ne shabdoan ki avashyakata hoti hai. parinamasvaroop rimark ke lie tippani, kameants ke lie ray, ovajaraveshan ke lie mantaby, opiniyan ke lie mat aur vyooj ke lie vichar shabd prayog karana avashyak ho jata heai, jabaki samany bolachal mean ham in sab ke lie salah shabd se hi kam chala sakate haian.
saral bhasha tatha lok-prachalit prayogoan ka mahatv
prashasan ke kshetr mean hindi ko badhava denee ke lie yah avashyak hai ki bhasha saral oair samajh mean a sakane yogy ho. isake lie prachalit prayogoan ka bhi apana alag mahatv hai. isilie prashasanik bhasha mean shabd chayan mean badi satarkata avashyak hai, jisase mool samagri ka arth parivartit n ho. shabdavali ke kshetr mean ek bat yah bhi hai ki kisi vishesh kshetr me kary karane valoan ko us kshetr-vishesh ki shabdavali ki hi adhik avashyakata p dati hai jaise shiksha ke kshetr mean prayog mean ane vali shabdavali ki chikitsa ke kshetr mean ya nyayalayoan me kam karane vale karmachariyoan ko utana prayog nahian karana padata hai isake lie unhean apane dainik kary se sanbandhit buniyadi shavdavali ke jnanarjan ki hi adhik avashyakata rahati haian.
hindi me mashin, dayari, bas, kar, motar, baiank, chaik baik-drapht, mani ardar, rediyo, sinema, gais, kard, mainejar, kamishan, bil adi shabd bahut hi lokapriy roop mean chal rahe haian. isi tarah salahakar bord, zila bord, jaanch kameti, vard adhikari, janana vard, seminar kaksh jaise shabd samany bolachal ke atirikt prashasanik karyoan mean bhi poori tarah se apana lie gaye haian. yahaan tak ki ‘kal’ ke badale ‘mashin’ aur ‘suee lagana’ ke badale ‘ianjekshan’ adhik asan pratit hone laga hai. itana hi nahian aangreji ke etam shabd se etami, mainejar se mainejari, ianjiniyariang se ianjiniyari aur d aauktar se d aauktari adi shabd hindi ki prakriti ke anukool dhal lie ge haian. isilie abhiyaantriki ya chikitsakiy jaise prayog adhik lokapriy nahian rahe haian.
uparyukt sthiti se yah spasht hota hai ki sanskrit ki shabdavali mean ne shabdoan ka nirman bhale hi sugam ho jata ho parantu aise shabd jo janata ki jaban par chadh chuke haian aur am bolachal athava samany karyavyavahar mean nirantar prayog mean a rahe haian, hindi ko adhik jivant aur lokapriy banane mean sahayak haian. shabdakosh mean jitane shabd die jate haian, samany karyavyavahar mean prayog ke lie arth ki spashtata aur vibhinn sankalpanaoan ki abhivyakti ki abhivyakti ke lie shabd chayan mean poori satarkata apekshit hoti hai keval kosh ke sahare shabdoan ka manamana ya aandhadhuandh prayog bhasha ki ekaroopata ki drishti se to thik nahian hi hai varanh isase arth ka anarth bhi ho sakata hai. prashasan ka kary ek vishesh karyapranali par adharit hota hai. yahi karan hai ki is kary ki bhasha bhi takaniki prakar ki hoti hai jisaka svaroop sahityik bhasha tatha sadharan bhasha ki bolachal mean prayah alag hota hai. is bhasha ka sanbandh keval sarakari karyalayoan se nahi varanh samany se bhi hota hai. atah jitana adhik saral roop isee diya ja sake utani hi adhik suvidha jan samany ko mil sakegi. yahi karan hai ki sarakari bhasha arthath prashasanik hindi ke sanbandh mean saral ya kathin bhasha ki bat uthaee jati rahati hai. kathin shabdavali ke prayog se bhasha jitani bojhil hogi utani vah jan sadharan se door ho jaegi. parantu akhil bharatiy roop ko dhyan mean rakha jae to vah samasya bhi samane ati hai ki kis shabd ko saral kaha jae aur kise kathin. urdoo janane valoan ke lie manjoori, dakhal, pesh karana adi saral haian to sanskrit athava bangala adi janane valoan ke lie svikriti, hastakshep tatha prastut karana adi saral ho sakate haian. vastav mean bhasha ka sanbandh vishay se hai. atah bharat jaise desh me jahaan anek prakar ki kshetriy bhashaean haian, saral aur kathin bhasha ki samasya aur bhi ulajh jati hai. nirantar prayog se shabd saral lagane lagate haian aur bhasha bhi unhean atmasat kar leti hai. aranbh mean rashtrapati, sansad, vidheyak adi shabd kathin lagate the parantu ab abhyas aur prayog ke karan ye shabd bahut lokapriy ho gaye haian. yahi karan hai ki gadhe hue shabdoan se bhasha ko bojhil banane ki apeksha bharat ki sabhi kshetriy bhashaoan mean se prachalit shabd badal die jaean to dhire dhire se shabd hindi mean khap jaeange aur isase bhashayi ekata bhi vikasit hogi. ‘sabadivijanal majistret’ ke lie ‘khandamandaladhish’ tatha ‘ekjikyootiv ianjiniyar divijan-1’ ke lie adhishasi abhiyanta pratham prakhand jaise prayogoan se jitana bacha ja sake utana achchha hai.
hindi anuvad v mool praroopan ki samasya
sarakari kamakaj kee varshoan se aangrezi mean kiya ja raha hai. atah madhyam parivartan ke lie anuvad ka sahara lena p data hai. yah kaha gaya hai ki anuvad yadi suandar hai to vah eemanadar nahian ho sakata aur eemanadar hai to vah suandar nahian ho sakata hai. is suandarata ka ashay us bhasha ke lality tatha usaki prakriti ke anukool hone se hai jis bhasha mean anuvad kiya gaya hai. isake lie praroop tatha patr ki rooparekha mooool se hindi athava sanbandhit kshetriy bhasha mean taiyar karana adhik uchit hoga.
tikat, steshan, pletapharm jaise shabdoan ke lie yatra patr, ga di-vishram-sthal, yatri vishram sthal jaise shabdoan ka prayog uchit nahian hai. kabhi kabhi shabd gadhane ka moh hamean makshikasthane makshika ki sthiti mean la deta hai. isase anuvad mean asvabhavikata a jati hai aur vah ashuddh bhi ho sakata hai. jaise ‘vail ikvipd haॅspital’ ka hindi anuvad bhool se ‘kuoan se sajjit aspatal’ kiya ja sakata hai, jo ashuddh hai. aangreji mean prachalit paripati ke anusar ‘d aandar saiand ij dairektid too se’ ka hindi anuvad ‘nimnahastaksharakarta ya adhohastakshari ko yah kahane ka nidesh hua hai’ kiya jata hai. yah hindi ki prakriti ke anukool nahian hai. isi tarah ‘kold bladaid mardar’ ke liye nrishans hatya n likhakar ‘shit rudhir hatya’ likhana tatha ‘rephrijaretar vatar’ ke lie saral v svabhavik roop mean ‘mashin ka thanda pani’ n likhakar ‘prashitanakrit jal’ likhana kahaan tak thik hoga, isaka svayan hi anuman lagaya ja sakata hai. kiantu prachalan mean is tarah ke kuchh vishesh shabd hindi ki prakriti ke anukool bhi jan p date haian aur unaka prayog vishuddh roop se shabd ke sthan par shabd ka anuvad hote hue bhi atapata nahian lagata. jaise- lalaphitashahi (redatepizm), shvet patr (vhaeet pepar), rajat jayanti (silvar jubali), lalit kala (phain art), shirshak (haidiang) adi. aangreji ke ‘iantar’ shabd ke lie hindi ne sanskrit ‘aantar’ shabd apana liya hai aur isake sath any shabd jo dakar hindi ke anek shabd bana lie ge haian jo barabar prayog mean a rahe haian. jaise aantar-vidyaliy, aantar-rajayiy, aantarrashtriy, aantardeshiy, aantar-praantiy, aantar-vibhagiy adi sabhi isi prakar riang sarvis ke lie mudrika seva athava tivr mudrika jais kathin lagane vale shabd lokapriyata prapt kar chuke haian. isi prakar megh-sandesh tatha aryabhat jaise prayog bhi ullekhaniy haian.
aj hamean hindi ko aisa svaroop pradan karana hai jo hamare desh ki ashaoan aur akaankshaoan ke anukool to ho hi aantarrashtriy kshetroan mean bhi suvidhajanak ho. isake lie hamean udar drishtikon apanana hoga. sanskrit ka mahatv raha hai aur hai. hindi ke vikas mean usake yogadan ki bat bhi mahatvapoorn hai. parantu badalati huee paristhitiyoan aur jnan vijnan ke kshetroan mean asim vikas ki sanbhavanaoan ko dekhate hue hamean hindi ko ek aisi bhasha ke roop mean vikasit karana hai jo aj ke yug mean abhivyakti ka saksham madhyam ho. atah keval sanskritanishth bhasha ki bat par bal n dete hue aj hamean bharat ki sabhi bhashaoan ke lie aur visheshakar prashasanik kshetr mean rajabhasha tatha niji kshetr mean sanpark bhasha ke roop mean hindi ke poshan ke lie apana kartavy samajhana chahie. hindi is desh ki bhasha hai. isaka sanbandh is dharati, is mitti aur yahaan ke janamanas se hai parantu sabhi kshetriy bhashaean yahaan ki sabhyata aur sanskriti ki poshak haian. kshetriy bhashaoan ka vikas prachar v prasar sanpark bhasha hindi ke lie sanjivani shakti hai. yadi sabhi bharatiy bhashaoan ke lie devanagari lipi apana li jae to bhashayi ekata ko bal milega or aangreji to keval suvidha ki bhasha kahi ja sakati hai. atah is desh mean pratyek nagarik, karmachari tatha adhikari ka yah rashtriy kartavy hai ki vah apane dainik kary vyavahar me is desh ki rajabhasha hindi ko sanpark bhasha ke roop mean protsahit kare tatha sanskrit ke parishkrit, saragarbhit evan sahaj shabdoan se is bhasha ko vah roop de jisase bharatavarsh ke sabhi praantoan mean sahajagamy sootr bhasha ka vikas ho sake.
is bhashayi ekata ko aur adhik sudridh banane ke lie yah bhi avashyak hai ki bhasha ki kshetriy evan aanchalik bhashaoan ke shabdoan ko bhi rajabhasha ki takaniki shabdavali mean yathochit sthan diya jae. desh ki vibhinn praantoan ki rajy sarakarean tattardeshiy shabdoan ko prashasanik drishti se lokapriy banane mean vishesh sahayak ho sakati haian. nagapur aur maॅrishas mean ayojit kramashah pratham tatha dvitiy vishv hindi sammelan mean is bat par bal diya gaya hai ki hindi ko aantarrashtriy manch par pratishthit kiya jae, jisase isako vishv bhasha ka svaroop prapt ho sake. is lakshy tak pahuanchane ke lie yah avashyak hai ki pahale ham bharat ke pratyek rajy mean vahaan ki kshetriy bhasha ko rajabhasha ke roop mean pratishthit karean aur rashtriy star par sanpark bhasha ke roop mean hindi ko usaka apekshit sthan dilaean. asha hai tisare vishv hindi sammelan se is disha mean aur adhik saphalata milegi.
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ moniyar viliyam, hianduijm, (ke.em.muanshi dvara sanpadit 'iandiya in hairiteans' jild 2, pri. 91 radhakumud mukharji dvara uddhrit
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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