प्लेटो

pleto
pleto|200px|center
poora nam	pleto
any nam	afalatoon
janm	428 ee. poo.
janm bhoomi	etheans
mrityu	347 ee. poo.
mrityu sthan	etheans
abhibhavak	pita 'ariston' tatha mata 'perikton'
guru	sukarat
karm bhoomi	yoonan
karm-kshetr	pashchaty darshan
mukhy rachanaean	'd ripablik', 'd staitsamain', 'd lag', 'iyon', 'simpojiyam'
prasiddhi	darshanik
nagarikata	grik
sanbandhit lekh	sukarat, arastu
any janakari	404 ee. poo. mean pleto sukarat ka shishy bana tatha sukarat ke jivan ke aantim kshanoan tak unaka shishy bana raha. sukarat ki mrityu ke bad prajatantr ke prati pleto ko ghrina ho gee. usane misr, itali, sisali adi deshoan ki yatra ki tatha ant mean ethens laut kar akadami ki sthapana ki.

pleto (aangrezi: Plato; janm- 428 ee. poo., etheans; mrityu- 347 ee. poo., etheans) yoonan ka prasiddh darshanik tha, jo bad mean ek maulik chiantak ke roop mean vikhyat hua. use 'afalatoon' nam se bhi jana jata hai. vah yoonan ke suprasiddh darshanik sukarat ka shishy tatha arastu ka guru tha. pleto homar ka samakalin tha. sukarat ka param medhavi shishy pleto grik ka hi nahian, varanh vishv ki vibhooti mana jata hai. pashchaty jagath mean sarvapratham suvyavasthit dharm ko janm dene vala pleto hi mana jata hai. usane apane poorvavarti sabhi darshanikoan ke vichar ka adhyayan kar sabhi mean se uttam vicharoan ka paryapt sanchay kiya tha.

parichay

pleto ka janm etheans ke samipavarti eejina namak dvip mean hua tha. usaka parivar samant varg se tha. usake pita 'ariston' tatha mata 'perikton' itihas prasiddh kulin nagarik the. 404 ee. poo. mean pleto sukarat ka shishy bana tatha sukarat ke jivan ke aantim kshanoan tak unaka shishy bana raha. sukarat ki mrityu ke bad prajatantr ke prati pleto ko ghrina ho gee. usane megora, misr, saerin, itali aur sisali adi deshoan ki yatra ki tatha ant mean ethens laut kar akadami ki sthapana ki. pleto is akadami ka ant tak pradhan achary bana raha.

suvyavasthit dharm ki sthapana

pashchaty jagath mean sarvapratham suvyavasthit dharm ko janm dene vala pleto hi hai. pleto ne apane poorvavarti sabhi darshanikoan ke vichar ka adhyayan kar sabhi mean se uttam vicharoan ka paryapt sanchay kiya, udaharanarth- 'maileshiyan ka dravy', 'paithagoras ka svaroop', 'hereklaitas ka parinam', 'parmenaidij ka param saty', 'jeno ka dvandvatmak tark' tatha 'sukarat ke pratyayavad' adi usake darshan ke pramukh srot the.

pleto ka mat

ph‍leto ke samay mean kavi ko samaj mean adaraniy sh‍than praph‍t tha. usake samay mean kavi ko upadeshak, margadarshak tatha sanskriti ka rakshak mana jata tha. ph‍leto ke shishh‍y ka nam arastoo tha. ph‍leto ka jivanakal 428 ee.poo. se 347 ee.poo. mana jata hai. usaka mat tha ki "kavita jagath ki anukriti hai, jagath svayan anukriti hai; atah kavita saty se doguni door hai. vah bhavoan ko udvelit kar vyakti ko kumargagami banati hai. at: kavita anupayogi hai evan kavi ka mahattv ek mochi se bhi kam hai."

rachanaean

pleto ki pramukh kritiyoan mean usake sanvad ka nam vishesh ullekhaniy hai. pleto ne 35 sanvadoan ki rachana ki hai. usake sanvadoan ko tin bhagoan mean vibhajit kiya ja sakata hai-

1. sukarat kalin sanvad - isamean sukarat ki mrityu se lekar megara pahuanchane tak ki rachanaean haian. inamean pramukh haian- hippiyas mainar, aipol aauji, krito, protagoras adi.
2. yatrikalin sanvad - in sanvadoan par sukarat ke sath-sath 'iliyaee mat' ka bhi kuchh prabhav hai. is kal ke sanvad haian- klaisis, kretilas, j aaujiyas ityadi.
3. praudhakalin sanvad - is kal ke sanvadoan mean vijnanavad ki sthapana mukhy vishay hai. is kal ke sanvad haian- simpeasiyan, philebuhras, trimeryas, ripablik aur phido adi.

ph‍leto ki rachanaoan mean 'd ripablik', 'd staitsamain', 'd lag', 'iyon', 'simpojiyam' adi pramukh haian.

kavy ke mahattv ki svikaryata

pleto kavy ke mahatv ko usi sima tak svikar karata hai, jahaan tak vah ganarajy ke nagarikoan mean saty, sadachar ki bhavana ko pratishthit karane mean sahayak ho. pleto ke anusar "manav ke vyaktitv ke tin aantarik tattv hote haian-

1. bauddhik
2. oorjasvi
3. satrishn

kavy virodhi hone ke bavajood pleto ne vir purushoan ke gunoan ko ubharakar prastut kie jane vale tatha devataoan ke stotr vale kavy ko mahattvapoorn evan uchit mana hai.

pleto ke kavy vichar

1. pleto kavy ka mahattv usi sima tak svikar karata hai, jahaan tak vah ganarajy ke nagarikoan mean saty, sadachar ki bhavana ko pratishthit karane mean sahayak ho.
2. kala aur sahity ki kasauti pleto ke lie ‘anand evan sauandary’ n hokar upayogitavad thi.
3. vah kahata hai- "chamachamati huee svarn se j dit anupayogi dhal se gobar ki upayogi tokari adhik suandar hai.
4. usake vichar se kavi ya chitrakar ka mahattv mochi ya badhee se bhi kam hai, kyoanki vah anueriti matr prastut karata hai. saty roop to keval vichar roop mean alaukik jagath mean hi hai. kavy mithya jagath ki mithya anukriti hai. is prakar vah saty se doguna door hai. kavita anukriti aur sarvatha anupayogi hai, isalie vah prashansaniy nahian apitu dandaniy hai.
5. pleto kavi ki tulana mean ek chikitsak, sainik ya prashasak ka mahattv adhik manata hai. vah kahata hai ki "kavi apani rachana se logoan ki bhavanaoan aur vasanaoan ko udvelit kar samaj mean durbalata aur anachar ke poshan ko bhi aparadh karata hai. kavi apani kavita se anand pradan karata hai, parantu durachar evan kumarg ki or prerit karata hai; isalie rajy mean suvyavastha hetu use rajy se nishkasit kar dena chahie.
6. pleto ka manana tha ki kisi samaj mean saty, nyay aur sadachar ki pratishtha tabhi sanbhav hai, jab us rajy ke nivasi vasanaoan aur bhavanaoan par niyantran rakhate hue vivek evan niti ke anusar acharan karean.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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