फ़िरदौसी
firadausi
| |
| poora nam | hakim abul qasim firadausi tusi |
| janm | 940 ee. |
| janm bhoomi | tus, eeran |
| mrityu | 1020 ee. |
| mrityu sthan | tus, eeran |
| mukhy rachanaean | shahanama |
| bhasha | farasi |
| dharm | parasi dharm |
| any janakari | shahanama faras (eeran) ki rashtriy mahakavy hai. isamean unhoanne satavian sadi mean faras par arabi fatah ke pahale ke eeran ke bare mean likha hai. |
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firadausi (aangrezi: Ferdowsi, poora nam: hakim abul qasim firadausi tusi, janm: 940 ee. - mrityu: 1020 ee.) ek prasiddh farasi kavi the. firadausi ne shahanama ki rachana ki jo bad mean faras (eeran) ki rashtriy mahakavy ban gee. isamean unhoanne satavian sadi mean faras par arabi fatah ke pahale ke eeran ke bare mean likha hai.
jivan parichay
firadausi ka poora nam 'hakim abul qasim firadausi tusi' tha. ye eeran ke toos mean hi paida hue the. unaka mahakavy 'shahanama' hai jise likhane mean unhoanne poori umr laga di thi. 'shahanama' khurasan ke shahazade samanid ke lie likha gaya tha. yah vah zamana tha jab satavian shatabdi mean araboan ki eeran par vijay ke bad farasi bhasha aur sanskriti par arab prabhutv dikhaee p dane laga tha. firadausi ke jivanakal mean hi unake sanrakshak shahajade samanid ko sultan mahamood gazanavi ne hara diya tha aur khurasan ka shasak ban gaya tha. mahamood gazanavi aur firadausi ko lekar kuchh rochak kahaniyaan haian jinhean kalpanik bhi kaha ja sakata hai.
kaha jata hai ki mahamood gazanavi ne firadausi ko yah vachan diya tha ki vah 'shahanama' ke har shabd ke lie ek dinar dega. varshoan ki mehanat ke bad jab 'shahanama' taiyar ho gaya aur firadausi use lekar mahamood gazanavi ke darabar mean gaya to samrat ne use pratyek shabd ke lie ek dinar nahian balki ek diraham ka bhugatan kara diya. kaha jata hai is par naraz hokar firadausi laut gaya aur usane ek diraham bhi nahian liya. yah vayada khilafi kuchh aisi thi jaise kisi kavi ke prati shabd ek rupaye dene ka vachan dekar prati shabd ek paisa diya jaye. firadausi ne gusse mean akar mahamood gazanavi ke khilaf kuchh panktiyaan likhi. ve panktiyaan itani prabhavashali thi ki poore samrajy mean phail gayian. kuchh sal bad mahamood gazanavi se usake vishvasapatr mantriyoan ne nivedan kiya ki firadausi ko usi dar par bhugatan kar diya jaye jo tay ki gayi thi. samrat ke karan poochhane par pradhanamantri ne kaha ki ham log samrajy ke jis kone mean jate haian hamean ve panktiyaan sunane ko milati haian jo firadausi ne apake viruddh likhi haian aur hamara sirph sharm se jhuk jata hai. use nirdharit dar par paisa de diya jayega to hamean b da naitik bal milega.' samrat ne adesh de diya. dinaroan se bhari ga di jab firadausi ke ghar pahuanchi to ghar ke aandar se firadausi ka janaza nikal raha tha. poori umr garibi, tangi aur mufalisi mean katane ke bad firadausi mar chuka tha. kahate haian ki firadausi ki ekamatr santan usaki l daki ne bhi yah dhan lene se iankar kar diya tha. is tarah samrat kavi ka karzadar raha aur aj bhi hai. shayad yahi vajah hai ki aj firadausi ka shahanama jitana prasiddh hai utani hi ya usase jyada prasiddh ve panktiyaan hai jo firadausi ne mahamood gazanavi ki alochana karate hue likhi thian.[1]
firadausi ka 'shahanama'
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firadausi ka 'shahanama' darasal eeran ka itihas hi nahian eerani asmita ki pahachan hai. usamean prachin eeran ki upalabdhiyoan ka bakhan hai. samratoan ka itihas hai. prachin farasi granthoan ko naya roop dekar unako shamil kiya gaya hai. mithak aur itihas ke sammishran se ek adbhut prabhav utpann hua hai. prem, vidroh, virata, dushtata, manaviyata, yuddh, sahas ke aise utkrisht udaharan haian jinhoanne 'shahanama' ko eerani sahity ki amar kriti bana diya hai. eerani sahity mean 'shahanama' jitani tarah se jitani bar chhapa hai utana aur koee pustak nahian chhapi hai. firadausi ne rustam aur soharab jaise patr nirmit kie haian jo manav-smriti ka hissa ban chuke haian.
firadausi puraskar
eeran ke rashtriy pustakalay ke pramukh ke anusar sanyukt rashtr sangh ki shaikshik v saanskritik sanstha ne aantarrashtriy firadausi puraskar ke ayojan par sahamati vyakt kar di hai. rashtriy pustakalay ke pramukh raza salehi amiri ne mehar nyooz ejensi se bat karate hue kaha ki yoonesko ne aantarrashtriy firadausi puraskar ke ayojan par sahamati vyakt kar di hai. unaka kahana tha ki shighr hi is mamale ki samiksha ke lie eeran aur yoonesko ke vishashajnoan ke star ke pratinidhimandal ki ghoshana ki jaegi. unaka kahana tha ki aantarrashtriy firadausi puraskar, yoonesko ki or se prativarsh eeran aur eerani sanskriti ke bare mean shodh karane vale kuchh prasiddh logoan ko diya jaega.[2]
firadausi ki qabr
eeran mean khurasan praant ki rajadhani mashahad se kuchh doori par nishapur mean firadausi ki qabr hai. yahaan ek b da khoobasoorat bag hai, jisamean firadausi ki sangamaramar ki moorti hai. firadausi ki qabr ke pas ki divaroan par unake she'r likhe hue haian. kaha jata hai ki sadiyoan pahale firadausi ko dafanane ke lie jab kisi qabristan mean jagah nahian mili to unhean isi bag mean dafana diya gaya. ab yah bag farasi bhasha aur sahity premiyoan ke lie ek darshaniy sthal ke taur par mashahoor ho chuka hai. sahity premi apane mahaboob shayar ko yad karate hue yahaan ate haian.[3]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ asagar vajahat ka yatra sansmaran- aantim kisht (kavi ka karza) (hiandi) rachanakar. abhigaman tithi: 4 disambar, 2014.
- ↑ yoonesko ne firadausi puraskar ke ayojan ko svikriti di (hiandi) iran hindi radio. abhigaman tithi: 4 disambar, 2014.
- ↑ sharma, nasira. firadausi ka shahakar shahanama (hindi) chauthi duniya. abhigaman tithi: 2 faravari, 2015.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh