बाँस

baans
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jagat	padap
sangh	pushpi padap
varg	ek bijapatri
gan	Poales
kul	poesi
prajati	Bambusoideae
dvipad nam	bamboosa / Bambusa

baans graminiee kul ki ek atyant upayogi ghas hai, jo bharat ke pratyek kshetr mean paee jati hai. baans ek samoohik shabd hai, jisamean anek jatiyaan sammilit haian. mukhy jatiyaan, baianbyoosa, deandrokelaimas (nar baans) adi haian. baianbyoosa shabd marathi baianboo ka laitin nam hai. isake lagabhag 24 vansh bharat mean pae jate haian. bharat mean pae jane vale vibhinn prakar ke baansoan ka vargikaran da. braiandis ne prakand ke anusar is prakar kiya hai :

(a)- kuchh mean bhoomigat prakand chhota aur mota hota hai. shakhaean samoohik roop se nikalati haian. uparyukt prakand vale baans nimnalikhit haian :

1. baibyoosa arandinesi- hindi mean ise vedur baans kahate haian. yah madhy tatha dakshin-pashchim bharat evan barma (vartaman myaanmar) mean bahutayat se paya jane vala kaantedar baans hai. 30 se 50 phut tak ooanchi shakhaean 30 se 100 ke samooh mean paee jati haian. bauddh lekhoan tatha bharatiy aushadhi granthoan mean isaka ullekh milata hai.
2. baianbyoosa spayanosa- pashchim bangal, asam tatha barma ka kaantedar baans hai, jisaki kheti uttari-pashchimi bharat mean ki jati hai. hindi mean ise bihar baans kahate haian.
3. baianbyoosa toolla- yah bangal ka mukhy baans hai, jise hindi mean peka baans kahate haian.
4. baianbyoosa valagairis- pili evan hari dhari vala baans hai, jo poore bharat mean paya jata hai.
5. deandrokailaimas ke anek vansh, jo shivalik paha diyoan tatha himalay ke uttar-pashchimi bhagoan aur pashchimi ghat par bahutayat se pae jate haian.

(b)- kuchh baansoan mean prakand bhoomi ke niche hi phailata hai. yah lanba aur patala hota hai tatha isamean ek-ek karake shakhaean nikalati haian. aise prakand vale baans nimnalikhit haian :

1. baianbyoosa nootaians- yah baans 5,000 se 7,000 phut ki ooanchaee par nepal, sikkim, asam tatha bhootan mean hota hai. isaki lak di bahut upayogi hoti hai.
2. mailokena- yah baans poorvi bangal evan barma (vartaman myaanmar) mean bahutayat se paya jata hai.

tana

baans ka sabase upayogi bhag tana hai. ushn katibandh mean baans b de b de samoohoan mean paya jata hai. baans ke tane se nee nee shakhaean nirantar bahar ki or nikalakar isake ghere ko badhati haian, kiantu samashitoshn evan shitakatibandh mean yah samooh apekshakrit chhota hota hai tatha tanoan ki lanbaee hi badhati hai. tanoan ki lanbaee 30 se 150 phut tak evan chau daee 1 / 4 ianch se lekar ek phut tak hoti hai. tana mean parv, parvasandhi se ju da rahata hai. kisi kisi mean poora tana thos hi rahata hai. niche ke do tihaee bhag mean koee tahani nahian hoti. nee shakhaoan ke oopar pattiyoan ki sanrachana dekhakar hi vibhinn baansoan ki pahachan hoti hai. pahale tin mah mean shakhaean ausat roop se tin ianch prati din badhati haian, isake bad inamean niche se oopar ki or lagabhag 10 se 50 ianch tak tana banata hai. tane ki mazabooti usamean ekatrit silika tatha usaki motaee par nirbhar hai. pani mean bahut din tak baans kharab nahian hote aur ki doan ke karan nasht hone ki sanbhavana rahati hai.

baans ke phool evan phal

baans ka jivan 1 se 50 varsh tak hota hai, jab tak ki phool nahian khilate. phool bahut hi chhote, rangahin, bina danthal ke, chhote chhote guchchhoan mean pae jate haian. sabase pahale ek phool mean tin char, chhote, sookhe tush pae jate haian. inake bad nav ke akar ka aantapushpakavach hota hai. chhah puankesar hote haian. aandashay ke oopari bhag par bahut chhote chhote bal hote haian. isamean ek hi dana banata hai. sadharanat: baans tabhi phoolata hai jab sookhe ke kheti mari jati hai aur durbhiksh p data hai. shushk evan garam hava ke karan pattiyoan ke sthan par kaliyaan khilati haian. phool khilane par pattiyaan jh d jati haian. bahut se baans ek varsh mean phoolate haian. aise kuchh baans nilagiri ki paha diyoan par milate haian. bharat mean adhikaansh baans samuhik tatha samayik roop se phoolate haian. isake bad hi baans ka jivan samapt ho jata hai. sookhe tane girakar rasta band kar dete haian. agale varsh varsha ke bad bijoan se nee kalamean phoot p dati haian aur jangal phir hara ho jata hai. yadi phool khilane ka samay jnat ho, to kat chhaantakar khilana roka ja sakata hai. pratyek baans mean 4 se 20 ser tak jau ya chaval ke saman phal lagate haian. jab bhi ye lagate haian, chaval ki apeksha saste bikate haian. 1812 ee. ke u disa durbhiksh mean ye garib janata ka ahar tatha jivan rakshak rahe.

baans ki kheti

baans bijoan se dhire-dhire ugata hai. mitti mean ane ke pratham saptah mean hi bij ugana aranbh kar deta hai. kuchh baansoan mean vriksh par do chhote-chhote aankur nikalate haian. 10 se 12 varshoan ke bad kam layaq baans taiyar hote haian. bharat mean dab kalam ke dvara inaki upaj ki jati hai. adhapake tanoan ka nichala bhag, tin ianch lanbaee mean, tho da parvasandhi ke niche katakar, varsha shuroo hone ke bad laga dete haian. yadi isamean prakand ka bhi aansh ho to ati uttam hai. isake nichale bhag se nee-nee j dean nikalati haian.

baans ke kagaz

kagaz banane ke lie baans upayogi sadhan hai, jisase bahut hi kam dekhabhal ke sath sath bahut adhik matra mean kagaz banaya ja sakata hai. is kriya mean bahut si kathinaiyaan jhelani p dati haian. phir bhi baans ka kagaz banana chin evan bharat ka prachin udyog hai. chin mean baans ke chhote b de sabhi bhagoan se kagaz banaya jata hai. isake lie pattiyoan ko chhaantakar, tane ko chhote chhote tuk doan mean katakar, pani se bhare pokharoan mean choone ke sang tin char mah s daya jata hai, jisake bad use b di -b di ghoomati huee okhaliyoan mean gooandhakar, saf kiya jata hai. is lugdi ko avashyakatanusar rasayanak dalakar saphed ya rangin bana lete haian aur phir garam tavoan par dabate tatha sukhate haian.

vanshalochan

visheshat: baianbyoosa aranh‌dinesi ke parv mean paee jane vali, yah patharili vastu saphed ya halake nile rang ki hoti hai. arabi mean ise tabashir kahate haian. yoonani granthoan mean isaka ullekh milata hai. bharatavasi prachin kal se dava ki tarah isaka upayog karate rahe haian. yah thanda tatha balavardhak hota hai. vayudosh tatha dil evan pheph de ki tarah-tarah ki bimariyoan mean isaka prayog hota hai. bukhar mean isase pyas door hoti hai. baans ki nee shakhaoan mean ras ekatrit hone par vanshalochan banata hai aur tab isase sugandh nikalati hai.

vanshalochan se ek choorn bhi banata hai, jo mandagni ke lie vishesh upayogi hai. isamean 8 bhag vanshalochan, 10 bhag pipar, 10 bhag roomi mastagi tatha 12 bhag chhoti ilayachi rahati hai. choorn ko shahad ke sath milakar khane aur doodh pine se bahut shighr svasthyalabh hota hai.

baans ke any upayog

chhoti-chhoti tahaniyoan tatha pattiyoan ko dalakar ubala gaya pani, bachcha hone ke bad pet ki saphaee ke lie janavaroan ko diya jata hai. jahaan par d aauktari aujar upalabdh nahian hote, baans ke tanoan evan pattiyoan ko kat chhaantakar saphaee karake khapachchiyoan ka upayog kiya jata hai. baans ka khokhala tana apang logoan ka sahara hai. isake khule bhag mean pair tika diya jata hai. baans ki khapachchiyoan ko tarah tarah ki chataiyaan, kursi, tebal, charapaee evan any vastuean bunane ke kam mean laya jata hai. machhali pak dane ka kaanta, daliya adi baans se hi banae jate haian. makan banane tatha pul baandhane ke lie yah atyant upayogi hai. isase tarah-tarah ki vastuean banaee jati haian, jaise chammach, chakoo, chaval pakane ka baratan. naga logoan mean pooja ke avasar par isi ka baratan kam mean laya jata hai. isase kheti ke aujar, oon tatha soot katane ki takali banaee jati hai. chhoti-chhoti takhtiyaan pani mean bahakar, unase machhali pak dane ka kam liya jata hai. baans se tir, dhanush, bhale adi l daee ke saman taiyar kie jate the. purane samay mean baans ki kaantedar jha diyoan se kiloan ki raksha ki jati thi. painagis namak ek tej dhar vali chhoti vastu se dushmanoan ke pran lie ja sakate haian. isase tarah-tarah ke baje, jaise- baansuri, v aauyalin, naga logoan ka jyoors harp evan malaya ka aaukalaang banaya jata hai. eshiya mean isaki lak di bahut upayogi mani jati hai aur chhoti-chhoti ghareloo vastuoan se lekar makan banane tak ke kam ati hai. baans ka praroh khaya jata aur isaka achar tatha murabba bhi banata hai.

baans ke rog

sirtroantraikelas laanjipes nam ke ki de se baans ki nee nee shakhaoan ko bahut kshati pahuanchati hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh